Fossil CrinoidsLiterature

A virtual museum of crinoids from all over the world

Bibliography

1758 - present

Abbott, B. M., 1976, Origin and evolution of bioherms in Wenlock Limestone (Silurian) of Shropshire, England: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 60, p. 2117-2127.

Abel, O., 1920, Lehrbuch der Paläozoologie: Jena, Gustav Fischer, 500 p.

Abel, O., 1924, Lehrbuch der Paläozoologie, 2nd edit: Jena, Gustav Fischer, 500 p.

Abich, H., 1878, Geologische Forschungen in den Kaukasischen Ländern, Theil I: Eine Bergkalkfauna aus der Araxesenge bei Djoulfa in Armenienx: Wien, Hölder, 126 p., 11 pl., A.

Agassiz, J.L.R., 1836, Prodrome d'une Monographie des Radiaires ou Echinodermes: Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchatel, 1(1835), p. 168-199, 5 pl.

Agassiz, J.L.R., 1838, Prodromus of a monograph of the Radiata and Echinodermata: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 1, p. 30-43, 279-307, 440-449.

Agassiz, L., 1834, Observations on the growth and on the bilateral symmetry of Echinodermata: London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Ser. 3, v. 5, p. 369-373. (nonsystematic)

Agos, E. L., 1921, Yacimientos de fósiles carboniferos de Arenas de Cabrales (Asturias): Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, v. 21, p. 59-62.

Ahlfeld, F., and Branisa, L., 1960, Geología de Bolivia: Institut Boliviano del Petróleo, La Paz, 245 p.

Ahluwalia, A. D., 1989, The peripatetic fossils: part 3. Upper Palaeozoic of Lahul-Spiti: Nature, v. 341, p. 13-14. (nonsystematic)

Aisenverg, D. E., Berchenko, O. I., and Polstsev, V. I., 1983, Razrez verkhneserpukhovskogo podyarusa donetskogo basseina [Upper Serpukhovian sequence in the Donetz Basin]. In Aisenverg, D. E. and others, Verkhneserpukhovskii podyarus donetskogo basseina [Upper Serpukhovian substage in the Donetz Basin]: Akademiya Nauk Ukrainskoi SSR, Kiev, p. 7-41. (In Russian)

Alberstadt, L. P., and Walker, K. R., 1976, A receptaculitid-echinoderm pioneer community in a Middle Ordovician reef: Lethaia, v. 9, p. 261-272.

Alcock, A., 1893, A guide to the zoological collections exhibited in the invertebrate gallery of the Indian Museum: Calcutta, p. 1-155, 1 pl., (unseen)

Almela, A., and Revilla, J., 1950, Especies fósiles nuevas del Devoniano de León: Notas y Communicaciones del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, v. 20, p. 45-60, 3 pl.

Almela, A., and Sanz, R., 1958, Resumen de la historia geológica de la Tierra: Memoires Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, v. 59, p. 1-174.

Altar, P., 1931, Die Stratigraphie der Engelsberger Schichten. (Ostsudeten): Mitteilungen des Naturwisssenschaftlichen Vereines in Troppau C.S.R., v. 37, no. 23, p. 16-38, 1 pl.

Améziane-Cominardi, N., and Roux, M., 1994, Ontogenèse de la structure en mosaïdes pédonculés actuels: Conséquences pour la biologie évolutive et la taxonomie, p. 185-190. In David, B., Guille, A., Féral, J. P., and Roux, M., eds, Echinoderms through time (Echinoderms Dijon): Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema.

Amsden, T. W., 1949, Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Brownsport Formation (Silurian), of western Tennessee: Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin, v. 5, p. 1-138, 34 pl.

Amsden, T. W., 1956, Catalog of fossils from the Hunton Group, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular, v. 39, p. 1-63.

Amsden, T. W., 1957, Catalog of fossils from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey Circular, v. 43, p. 1-41.

Anderson, E. M., 1936, Catalogue of types and figured specimens of fossils in the Geological Survey Collections now exhibited in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh: British Geological Survey, 77 p.

Anderson, W. I., 1983, Geology of Iowa: Ames, Iowa, Iowa State University Press, 268 p.

Anderson, W. I. and Furnish, W. M., 1983, Iowa's self-trained paleontologists: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 90, no. 1, p. 1-12.

Angelin, N. P., 1878, Iconographia Crinoideorum: in stratis Sueciae Siluricis fossilium: Samson and Wallin, Holmiae, 62 p., 29 pl.

Anthony, J. G., 1839, Fossil encrinite: American Journal of Science and Arts, v. 35, p. 359-360.

Antropov, I. A., 1954, Ob ostatkakh Cupressocrinus i ikh stratigraficheskoe znachenie v devone Volga-Uralskoy neftenoshoy oblasti [On fossil Cupressocrinus and its stratigraphical significance for the Devonian of the Volga-Ural oil bearing region]: Izvestia Kazakhstan, Filiala Akademya Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologiya Nauk, v. 2, p.12-16, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Archer, A. W., and Feldman, H. R., 1986, Microbioherms of the Waldron Shale (Silurian, Indiana): implications for organic framework in Silurian reefs of the Great Lake area: Palaios, v. 1, p. 133-140.

Archiac, E.J.A. d’, and Verneuil, M. E. de, 1842, Surles fossiles des terrains anciens des bords du Rhin: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1841-1842), v. 13, p. 259-262.

Archaic, V. d', and Verneuil, M. E. de, 1842, On the fossils of the older deposits in the Rhenish Provinces; preceded by a general survey of the fauna of the Palaeozoic rocks, and followed by a tabular list of the organic remains of the Devonian System in Europe: Transactions of the Geological Society of London, series 2, v. 7, no. 2, p. 303-410, pl. 25-38. (Echinoderms p. 376, pl. 37)

Arenal, T.R.M. de G., 1950, Crinoides del Devonico de Santa Lucia (Leon): Societe Espanola Historia Nationales, Boletin, v. 47, p. 657-662, pl. 29, 30.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1961, O povrezdeniyahh morskihh lilii veevannehh Schizoproboscina [On the injuries in crinoids made by Schizoproboscina]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 101-106. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1962, Rhabdocrinus vatagini sp. nov. iz podmoskovnogo nizhnego karbona [Rhabdocrinus vatagini sp. nov. from the Lower Carboniferous of the Moscow region]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 117-121. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1963a, Krona morskoi lilii iz srednego ordovika r. Podkamenndi Tunguski [Crown of crinoid from Middle Ordovician of Podkamennaya Tunguska River]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 131-135. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1963b, Rhabdocrinus vatagini sp. nov. from the Lower Carboniferous of the Moscow region: International Geology Review, v. 5, p. 1674-1677.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1964a, Osobennosti razvitiya Hypocrinidae [Peculiarities in the development of the Hypocrinidae]: Byulletin Moskovsk Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirodi, Geologii, v. 39, no. 5, p. 147-148. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1964b, 5000 chashechek iskopaiemkh morskikh lilii [5000 calyces of fossilized crinoids]: Priroda(U.S.S.R.), v. 7, p. 111-113. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1965a, K poznaniyu morskihh lilii kaltseokrinid [Contribution to the knowledge of crinoids from the family Calceocrinidae]. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 90-96, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1965b, Crown of crinoid from Middle Ordovician of Podkamennaya Tunguska Rive: International Geology Review, v. 7, p. 1116-1120.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1966, Contribution to the knowledge of crinoids from the family Calceocrinidae: International Geology Review, v. 7, p. 2131-2137, 1 pl.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1968a, Regressivnye i neotenicheskie iavleniya u krinoidei Hypocrinidae [Regressive and neothenic phenomena in Hypocrinidae crinoids]: Trudy XII sessii Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva VPO Nauka, Leningrad, Izdatelstvo Nauka, p. 97-107. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1968b, Pirazokrinidy iz Krasnoufimska [Pirasocrinids from Krasnoufimsk]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 99-101. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1970a, Morskie Lilii Gipokrinidy [Crinoids Hypocrinidae]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, no. 128, p. 1-220, 16 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1970b, Pirasocrinids from Krasnoufimsk: Paleontological Journal, v. 2, no. 4, p. 529-530.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1970c, Ruki Fillokrinusov (Crinoidea, Cyrtocrinida) [Arms of the genus Phyllocrinus (Crinoidea, Cyrtocrinida)]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 113-116. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1971a, Rudimentarnye Organy Gipokrinid (Crinoidea) [Rudimentary organs of the hypocrinid (Crinoidea)]. In Souremannya Problemy Paleontologii [Contemporary Problems in Paleontology]: Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR, no. 130, p. 168-173. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1971b, O Rode Condylocrinus Eichwald, 1860 (Rhodocrinitidae, Camerata, Crinoidea [On the genus Condylocrinus Eichwald, 1860 (Rhodocrinitidae, Camerata, Crinoidea)]: Paleontologicheskii Sbornik, no. 7, p. 41-44, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1971c, Pervyy Vsesoyuzhyy Kollokvium po Iglokozhim [The first All-Union colloquium on echinoderms]: Akademy Nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskva, p. 1-7. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1971d, Arms of the Genus Phyllocrinus (Crinoidea, Cytocrinida): Paleontological Journal, v. 4, no. 4, p. 560-563.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1972a, Proyavleniya fetalizatsii u Hypocrinus schnederi [Cases of foetalization in Hypocrinus schneideri]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 142-144. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1972b, Cases of foetalization in Hypocrinus schneideri. Paleontological Journal, v. 6, no. 1, p. 123-124.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1974a, Morskie lilii Tsirtokrinid [The sea lilies cyrtocrinids]: Akademy Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, no. 144, p. 1-251, 37 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1974b, Simmetriya morskikh lilii [Symmetry in crinoidea]; Soviet-Japanese symposium: Biology of marine molluscs and echinoderms, Vladivostok, p. 7, English edition, p. 3-6, Russian edition. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1975, Prolecythiocrinus Arendt, 1970 sinonim Thyridiocrinus Kirk, 1944 [Prolecythiocrinus Arendt, 1970 synonym of Thyridiocrinus Kirk, 1944]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 140. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1976a, Ordovikskie iglokozhie gemistreptokrinoidei [Ordovician echinodermata: Hemistreptocrinida]. Byulletin Moskovski Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirodi, Otdel Geologicheskii, v. 51, no. 2, p. 63-84, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1976b, Prolecythiocrinus Arendt, 1970, A synonym of Thyridiocrinus Kirk, 1944: Paleontological Journal, v. 9, no. 3, p. 263.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1978, Nekotore Morskie Lilii Permi Priuralya I Timora [Some Permian crinoids from the Priurals and Timor]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 21, p. 255-266, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu, A., 1981, Trekhrukie morskie lilii [Three-armed crinoids]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, no. 189, p. 1-195, 32 pl. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1983a, Sistema iglokozhikh. Soobzhchenie 1 [The system of Echinodermata. Communication 1]: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, v. 62, no. 9, p. 1301-1313. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1983b, Sistema iglokozhikh. Soobzhchenie 2 [The system of Echinodermata. Communication 2]: Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, v. 62, no. 10, p. 1445-1456. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1983c, Novyi rod srednekamennougolnykh podmoskovnykh krinoidei-camerat [A new Middle Carboniferous camerate crinoid genus from the Moscow Basin]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 101-105. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1983d, Myachkovskaya kameratnaya morskiya liliya Paramegaliocrinus gen. nov. [A camerate crinoid. Paramegaliocrinus gen. nov. from Myachkov]: Byulletin Moskovsk Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirodi, Otdel Geologicheskii, v. 58, no. 4, p. 90-101. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1984a, A new Middle Carboniferous camerate crinoid genus from the Moscow Basin: Paleontological Journal, v. 17, no. 4, p. 97-101.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1984b, Morskie lilii (Crinoidea) [The sea lilies (crinoidea)]. In Tjamarinov, L. P. and Shimanskii, V. N., eds, [Spravochnik po sistematike iskoraemykh organizmov (Taksony otryadnoi i vysshikh grupp) [Reference book on taxonomy of fossilized organisms (taxon order and higher groups)]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, p. 93-99. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1985a, O biotichekikch svyazyach krinoidei [About the biotic interactions in crinoids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 69-76. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1985b, Drevneishie trekhrukie krinoidei bez pyatiluchevoi simmetrii [The oldest three-armed crinoid without pentaradial symmetry]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 282, no. 3, p. 702-704. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1986, Biotic relationships of crinoids: Paleontological Journal, v. 19, no. 1, p. 67-73.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1995a, Morskiye lilii akrokrinidy (Camerata) iz karbona Moskvy i Podomoskov'ya [Carboniferous acrocrinids (Camerata) from the Moscow region]:

 Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 63-74.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1995b, Carboniferous acrocrinids (Camerata) from the Moscow region:

 Paleontological Journal, v. 29, no. 2, p. 75-90.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1996a, Novye rody pyatirukikh i bezrukikh krinoidei iz nizhnei permi urala [New genera of five-armed and armless crinoids from the Lower Permian of the Urals]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 76-81. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1996b, New genera of five-armed and armless crinoids from the Lower Permian of the Urals: Paleontological Journal, v. 30, no. 2, p. 201-206.

Arendt, Yu. A., 1997a, Novye podmoskovnyi kamennougolnye krinoidei s chetyrmya-shchestyu rukami [New Carboniferous crinoids with four-six arms from the Moscow region]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 56-62, pls. 7-8. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., 1997b, New Carboniferous crinoids with four-six arms from the Moscow region: Paleontological Journal, v. 31, no. 4, p. 400-408.

Arendt, Yu. A., and Broadhead, T. W., 1981, Harrellicrinus, new name for Strimplecrinus Arendt, 1981, non Broadhead, 1981: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 1234.

Arendt, Yu. A., and Gekker (Hecker), R. T., 1964, Klass Crinoidea. Morski lilii. Sistematitcheckaia tchast [Class Crinoidea. Crinoids. Systematic part]. In Orlov, Yu. A., ed, Osnovi Paleontologii, Iglokozhi, Gemikhordovye, Pogonofory, i Shchetinkochelyustnye [Fundamentals of paleontology, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Pogonophora, and Chaetognatha]: Moscow, Izdatelstvo Nedra, p. 76-105, 214-231, pl. 8-16. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Pavlova, E. E., 1969, K kharakteristike Orocrinus [On the characteristics of Orocrinus]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 93-98, pl. 12. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Pavlova, Y. Y., 1970, Characteristic of Orocrinus: Paleontological Journal, v. 3, no. 2, p. 231-236, pl. 12.

Arendt, Yu. A., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1984, Koronatnye Iglokozhie [The Coronate Echinoderms]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 3, p. 86-97, pl. 8. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1985, Coronate Echinoderms: Paleontological Journal, v. 18, no. 3, p. 82-92, pl. 8.

Arendt, Yu. A., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1995a, O gemistreptokrinoideyakh [Concerning hemistreptocrinoids]: Palaeontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 119-121. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1995b, Concerning hemistreptocrinoids: Palaeontology Journal, v. 29, no. 1, p. 161-166.

Arendt, Yu. A., and Solovyev, A. N., 1971, I Vsesoyuznii Kollokvium po Iglokozhim [First All-Union Colloquium on Echinodermata]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 145-147. (In Russian) (nonsystematic)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Solovyev, A. N., 1972, First All-Union Colloquium on Echinoderms: Paleontological Journal, v. 5, no. 4, p. 553-555. (nonsystematic)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Solovyev, A. N., 1973, I Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya po iglokozhim [First International Conference on Echinoderms]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 138-140. (In Russian) (nonsystematic).

Arendt, Yu. A., and Solovyev, A. N., 1974, First International Conference on Echinoderms: Paleontological Journal, v. 7, no. 4, p. 568-570. (nonsystematic)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Stukalina, G. A., 1968a, Zarbezhnye spetsialesty po iskopaemym iglokozhem v SSSR [Foreign experts on fossil echinoderms of the USSR]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 151-152. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Stukalina, G. A., 1968b, Foreign experts on fossil echinoderms of the USSR: Paleontological Journal, v. 2, no. 2, p. 289-290. (nonsystematic)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Stupachenko, A. V., 1983, Novyi dannye ob Akrokrinidakh [New data on the Acrocrinids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 69-80, pl. 10. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Stupachenko, A. V., 1984, New data on the Acrocrinids: Paleontological Journal, v. 17, no. 2, p. 71-82, pl. 10.

Arendt, Yu. A., and Zubarev, A. D., 1993a, Aberrantnyye krinoidei [Aberrant crinoids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 25-35, pl. 5. (In Russian)

Arendt, Yu. A., and Zubarev, A. D., 1993b, Aberrant crinoids: Paleontological Journal, v. 27, no. 1, p. 31-44, pl. 5.

Armstrong, J., Young, J., and Robertson, D., 1876, Echinodermata. In Catalogue of the western Scottish fossils: 41 p., Glasgow. (nonsystematic)

Aronson, R. B., 1991, Escalating predation on crinoids in the Devonian: negative community-level evidence: Lethaia, v. 24, p. 123-128. (nonsystematic)

Arthaber, G. V., 1900, Das jüngere Paläozoicum aus der Araxes-Enge bei Djulfa. In Frech, F., and Arthaber, G. V., Über das paläozoicum in Hocharmenien und Persien, part IV. Beiträge Paläontologie, Geologie Österreich-Ungarns und Orients: v. 12, no. 2, p. 209-302, pl. 18-22.

Astre, G., 1925a, Un paleocrinoide espagnol de la familie Periechocrinidae: Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, v. 25, p. 211-217, pl. 13.

Astre, G., 1925b, Un paleocrinoide espagnol de la familie Periechocrinidae: Memorias de la Real Academie de Ciencias de Barcelona, v. 19, p. 201-206, 1 pl.

Ausich, W. I., 1977, The functional morphology and evolution of Pisocrinus (Crinoidea: Silurian): Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, p. 672-686, 2 pl.

Ausich, W. I., 1978, Pisocrinus from California, Nevada, Utah and Gaspe Peninsula: Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 487-491.

Ausich, W. I., 1980a, A model for niche differentiation in Lower Mississippian crinoid communities: Journal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 273-288.

Ausich, W. I., 1980b, Synecology--Niche differentiation. In Broadhead, T. W., and Waters, J. A., eds Echinoderms, notes for a short couarse: University of Tennessee, Studies in Geology, v. 3, p. 59-72.

Ausich, W. I., 1983a, Functional morphology and feeding dynamics of the Early Mississippian crinoid Barycrinus asteriscus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 57, p. 31-41.

Ausich, W. I., 1983b, Component concept for the study of paleocommunities with an example from the Early Carboniferous of southern Indiana: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 44, p. 251-282.

Ausich, W. I., 1984a, Calceocrinids from the Early Silurian (Llandoverian) Brassfield Formation of southwestern Ohi: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 1167-1185.

Ausich, W. I., 1984b, The genus Clidochirus from the Early Silurian of Ohio (Crinoidea: Llandoverian): Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 1341-1346.

Ausich, W. I., 1985, New crinoids and revision of the superfamily Glyptocrinacea (Early Silurian, Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 793-808.

Ausich, W. I., 1986a, Palaeoecology and history of the Calceocrinidae (Palaeozoic Crinoidea): Palaeontology, v. 29, p. 85-99.

Ausich, W. I., 1986b, Early Silurian rhodocrinitacean crinoids (Brassfield Formation, Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 84-106.

Ausich, W. I., 1986c, Early Silurian inadunate crinoids (Brassfield Formation, Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 719-735.

Ausich, W. I., 1986d, The crinoids of the Al Rose Formation (Early Ordovician, Inyo County, California, U.S.A.): Alcheringa, v. 10, p. 217-224.

Ausich, W. I., 1986e, New camerate crinoids of the Suborder Glyptocrinina from the Lower Silurian Brassfield Formation (southwestern Ohio): Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 887-897.

Ausich, W. I., 1987a, Brassfield Compsocrinina (Lower Silurian crinoids) from Ohio: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 552-562.

Ausich, W. I., 1987b, Revision of Rowley's Ordovician(?) and Silurian crinoids from Missouri: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, p. 563-578.

Ausich, W. I., 1988, Evolutionary convergence and parallelism in crinoid calyx design. Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 906-916.

Ausich, W. I., 1995, What is Mitrocrinus wetherbyi S. A. Miller and Gurley, 1894?: Journal of Paleontology, v. 69, p. 1188-1190.

Ausich, W. I., 1996a, Crinoid plate circlet homologies: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 955-964.

Ausich, W. I. 1996b, Chapter 17. Phylum Echinodermata. In Feldmann, R. M., and Hackathorn, M., eds, Fossils of Ohio: Ohio Division of Geological Survey Bulletin 70, p. 242-261.

Ausich, W. I. 1997a, Calyx plate homologies and early evolutionary history of the Crinoidea. In Waters, J. A. and Maples, C. G., eds, Geobiology of echinoderms. The Paleontological Society Papers, no. 3, p. 289-304.

Ausich, W. I. 1997b, Chapter 19. Regional encrinites: a vanished lithofacies. In Brett, C. E., and Baird, G. C., eds, Paleontological events stratigraphic, ecological, and evolutionary implications: New York, New York, Columbia University Press, p. 509-519. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I. 1998a, Early phylogeny and subclass division of the Crinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 72, p. 499-510.

Ausich, W. I. 1998b, Phylogeny of Arenig to Caradoc crinoids (Phylum Echinodermata) and suprageneric classification of the Crinoidea: The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, n. s., v. 9, p. 1-36.

Ausich, W. I., 1998c, Origin of the Crinoidea, p. 127-132. In Mooi, R., and Telford, M., eds, Echinoderms: San Francisco: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 923 p.

Ausich, W. I., 1999, Origin of crinoids, p. 237-242. In Carnevali, M.D.C., and Bonasoro, F., eds, Echinoderm Research 1998: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 550 p.

Ausich, W. I., and Babcock, L. E., 1998, The phylogenetic position of Echmatocrinus brachiatus, a probable octocoral from the Burgess Shale: Palaeontology, v. 41, p. 193-202.

Ausich, W. I., and Baumiller, T. K., 1993a, Taphonomic method for determining muscular articulations in fossil crinoids: Palaios, v. 8, no. 5, p. 477-484. (nonsystematic, diagrammatic crinoid illustrations)

Ausich, W. I., and Baumiller, T. K., 1993b, Column regeneration in an Ordovician crinoid (Echinodermata): paleobiologic implications: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 1068-1070.

Ausich, W. I., and Baumiller, T. K., 1998, Disarticulation patterns in Ordovician crinoids: implications for the evolutionary history of connective tissue in the Crinoidea: Lethaia, v. 31, p. 113-123. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I., Bolton, T. E., and Cummings, L. M., 1998, Whiterockian (Ordovician) crinoid fauna from the Table Head Group, western Newfoundland, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 35, p. 121-130.

Ausich, W. I., and Bottjer, D. J., 1982, Tiering in suspension-feeding communities on soft substrata throughout the Phanerozoic: Science, v. 216, p. 173-174.

Ausich, W. I., and Bottjer, D. J., 1985a, Echinoderm role in the history of Phanerozoic tiering in suspension-feeding communities. In Keegan, B. F., and O'Conner, B.D.S. eds, Echinodermata, Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference Galway (1984): Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 3-11.

Ausich, W. I., and Bottjer, D. J., 1985b, Phanerozoic tiering in suspension-feeding communities on soft substrata: implications for diversity. In Valentine, J. W., ed, Phanerozoic diversity patterns, profiles in macroevolution: Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, p. 255-274.

Ausich, W. I., and Bottjer, D. J., 1991, History of tiering among suspension feeders in the benthic marine ecosystem: Journal of Geological Education, v. 39, p. 313-318.

 (nonsystematic, diagrammatic crinoid illustrations)

Ausich, W. I., and Dravage, P., 1988, Crinoids from the Brassfield Formation of Adams County, Ohio: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 285-289.

Ausich, W. I., and Gurrola, R. A., 1979, Two boring organisms in a Lower Mississippian community of southern Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 335-344, 1 pl.

Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W., 1989, Teratological specimen of Agaricocrinus americanus (Roemer) (Lower Mississippian, Crinoidea): Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, p. 945-946.

Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W., 1990, Systematics and phylogeny of the late Osagean and Meramecian crinoids Platycrinites and Eucladocrinus from the Mississippian stratotype region: Journal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 759-778.

Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W., 1991a, Late Osagean and Meramecian Actinocrinites (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from the Mississippian stratotype region: Journal of Paleontology, v. 65, p. 485-499.

Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W., 1991b, Systematic revision of Aorocrinus, Dorycrinus, Macrocrinus, Paradichocrinus, Strotocrinus, and Uperocrinus: Mississippian camerate crinoids (Echinodermata) from the stratotype region: Journal of Paleontology, v. 65, p. 936-944.

Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W., 1992, Dizygocrinus: Mississippian camerate crinoid (Echinodermata) from the midcontinental United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 637-658.

Ausich, W. I., Kammer, T. W., and Baumiller, T. K., 1994, Demise of the middle Paleozoic crinoid fauna: a single extinction event or rapid faunal turnover?: Paleobiology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 345-361. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I., Kammer, T. W., and Lane, N. G., 1979, Fossil communities of the Borden (Mississippi) delta in Indiana and northern Kentucky: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 1182-1196.

Ausich, W. I., Kammer, T. W., and Meyer, D. L., 1997, Middle Mississippian disparid crinoids from the midcontinental United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 131-148.

Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G., 1980, Field Trip 2: Platform communities and rocks of the Borden Siltstone delta (Mississippian) along the south shore of Monroe reservoir, Monroe County, Indiana. In Field Trips 1980 from the Indiana University Campus, Bloomington: Department of Geology, Indiana University and Indiana Geological Survey, p. 36-67. (nonsystematic).

Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G., 1982a, Evolution of arm structure in the Early Mississippian crinoid Cydrocrinus. In Lawrence, J. M., ed, Echinoderms: Proceedings of the International Conference, Tampa Bay: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 139-143.

Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G., 1982b, Crinoids from the Edwardsville Formation (Lower Mississippian) of southern Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 1343-1361, 2 pl.

Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G., 1985, Crinoid assemblages and geographic endemism in the Lower Mississippian (Carboniferous) of the United States continental interior: Neuvième Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère (1979), Compte Rendu, v. 5, p. 216-224.

Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L., 1990, Origin and composition of carbonate buildups and associated facies in the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian, south-central Kentucky): an integrated sedimentologic and paleoecologic analysis. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, p. 129-146, 9 figs. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L., 1992, Crinoidea Flexibilia (Echinodermata) from the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian; Kentucky and Tennessee): Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 825-838.

Ausich, W. I., and Meyer, D. L., 1994, Hybrid crinoids in the fossil record (Early Mississippian, Phylum Echinodermata): Paleobiology, v. 20, p. 362-367.

Ausich, W. I., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1993, Poteriocrinites impressus (Phillips 1836): Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 67, no. 3/4, p. 299-303.

Ausich, W. I., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1994, Taphonomy of Lower Carboniferous crinoids from the Hook Head Formation, Ireland: Lethaia, v. 27, p. 245-256.

 Ausich, W. I., Sevastopulo, G. D., and Torrens, H. S., 1999, Middle nineteenth-century crinoid studies of Thomas Austin, Sr. and Thomas Austin, Jr.: Newly discovered unpublished materials. Earth Sciences History, v. 18, no. 2, p. 180-197.

Austin, T., 1848, Observations on the Cystidea of M. Von Buch, and the Crinoidea generally: Geological Society of London, Quarterly Journal, v. 4, p. 291-294. (nonsystematic)

Austin, T., 1851, Observations on the connexion between the Crinoideae and Echinodermata generally: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 2, v. 8, no. 46, p. 280-290.

Austin, T., 1875, Observations on the genus Platycrinus: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4, v. 16, p. 90-91.

Austin, T., and Austin, T., 1842, XVIII. - Proposed arrangement of the Echinodermata, particularly as regards the Crinoidea, and a subdivision of the Class Adelostella (Echinidae): Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 1, v. 10, no. 63, p.106-113.

Austin, T., and Austin, T., 1843, XXXIII. - Description of several new genera and species of Crinoidea: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 1, v. 11, no. 69, p. 195-207.

Austin, T., and Austin, T., 1843-1847, A monograph on recent and fossil Crinoidea, with figures and descriptions of some Recent and fossil allied genera: v. 1, 2, p. 1-32, pl. 1-4, frontispiece (1843); v. 3, p. 33-48, pl. 5-6 (1844); v. 4, p. 49-64, pl. 7-8 (1845); v. 5, p. 65-80, pl. 9-10 (1846); v. 6-8, p. 81-128, pl. 11-16 (1847); 128 p., 16 pl., London and Bristol.

Author unknown, 1859, Review of Hall and Whitney's report on the Geology of Iowa: American Journal of Science, ser. 2, v. 27, p. 103-117. (nonsystematic)

Author unknown, 1878-1879, Notes and observations of adventitious structures on crinoid stems: Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Glasgow, v. 4, no. 1, p. 73-77. (nonsystematic)

Author unknown, 1962, Sección Quinta Laboratorios: Memoires Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, (1961), p. 89-104.

Author unknown, 1974, Echinodermata. In Palaeontological Atlas of Yunnan: Yunnan, p. 711-730, pl. 20-25, 76, 118.

Author unknown, 1989, Cover photo: Geotimes, v. 34, cover, p. 1.

Avrov, D. P., and Stukalina, G. A., 1964, Novye dannye o siluriiskikh otlozheniakh yuga gornogo Altaya [New information about Silurian deposits of the southern Altay Mountains]. Sbornik statei [Collected articles]. Materialy po geologii i poleznym iskopaemym Altaya i Kazakhstana [Materials on geology and useful fossils of Altay and Kazakhstan]. Vsesoynznyi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, n. s., v. 3, p. 25-30. (In Russian)

Babcock, L. C., 1977, Life in the Delaware Basin: the paleoecology of the Lamar Limestone, p., 357-389. In Hileman, M. E., and Mazzullo, S. J., eds, Upper Guadalupian facies, Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and West Texas. 1977 Field Conference Guidebook, v. 1: Permian Basin Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.

Baily, W. H.,1860, Palaeontological notes. On parts of the county of Tipperary: Memoir Geological Survey Ireland, Sheet 145, p. 10-14.

Baily, W. H., 1867, Figures of characteristic British fossils, with descriptive remarks. London, Palaeozoic, v. 1, p. 1-126, 24 pl.

Baily, W. H., 1875, Figures of characteristic British fossils, with descriptive remarks. London, Palaeozoic, v. 1, p. 1-126, 24 pl. (reprint of 1867)

Baird, G. C., Brett, C. E., and Tomlinson, J. T., 1990, Host-specific acrothoracid barnacles on Middle Devonian platyceratid gastropods: Historical Biology, v. 4, p. 221-244.

Bairstow, L., 1895, In Hendricks, E.M.L., Geological succession and structure in western south Devonshire: Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, v. 18, no. 3, p. 296.

Ball, J. R., and Greacen, K. F., 1946, Catalog of the Egan collection of Silurian invertebrate fossils at the Chicago Academy of Sciences: Special Publication Chicago Academy Science No. 7, p. 1-55. (Echinoderms p. 21-28)

Barbour, E. H., 1931, A new crinoid slab, a bit of Mississippian sea bottom: Nebraska State Museum Bulletin, v. 1, no. 23, p. 199-202.

Barrande, J., 1867, Systême Silurien du centre de la Bohême. Part I: Recherches paléontologiques, v. 3, Classe des Mollusques. Ordre des Ptéropodes: Prague, 179 p., 16 pl.

Barrande, J., 1887a, Systême Silurien du centre de la Bohême. Part I: Recherches paléontologiques, v. 7, Classes des Echinodermes, sec. 1, Ordre des Cystidées: Prague, p. 233 p., 39 pl.

Barrande, J., 1887b, Echinodermes. Etudes Locales et Comparatives. Extraits du Systeme Silurien du Centre de la Boheme. v. VII. Echinodermes. 356 p., 30 pl. (Note: Volume is by Waagen and Jahn In Barrande, J. but often cited as Barrande)

Barris, W. H., 1880a, The local geology of Davenport and vicinity: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences (1878), v. 2, p. 261-269.

Barris, W. H., 1880b, New fossils from the Carboniferous Formation at Davenport: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences (1878), v. 2, p. 282-288, pl. 10, 11.

Barris, W. H., 1886a, Descriptions of some new crinoids from the Hamilton Group: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, v. 4, p. 98-101, pl. 1, 2.

Barris, W. H., 1886b, Stereocrinus barris (revised): Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, v. 4, p. 102-104.

Barrois, C., 1886, Sur le calcaire Devonien de Chaudefonds (Maine-et-Loire): Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, v. 13, p. 170-205.

Bartels, C., 1994, Weltberühmt: Die “Bunderbacher Fossilien” des Hunsrückschiefers: Schriften Reihe, v. 3, p. 11-85.

Bartels, C., 1995, Die unterdevonischen Dachschiefer von Bundenbach. In Weidert, W. K., ed, Klassische fundstellen der Paläontologie III: Korb, p. 38-55.

Bartels, C., and Brassel, G., 1990, Fossilien im Hunsrückschiefer, Museum: Idar-Oberstein, v. 7, p. 1-232.

Bartels, C., and Blind, W., 1995, Röntgenuntersuchung pyritisch vererzter Fossilien aus dem Hunsrückschiefer (Unter-Devon, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge): Metalla, Forschungsberichte des Deutschen Bergbau-Museums, v. 2, no. 2, p. 79-100.

Bartels, C., Briggs, D.E.G., and Brassel, G., 1998, The fossils of the Hunsrück Slate: Marine life in the Devonian. Cambridge Paleobiology Series 3: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, 309 p.

Bartels, C., Lutz, H., Blind, W., and Opel, A., 1997, Schatzkammer Dachschiefer, Die Lebenswelt des Hunsrückschiefer-Meeres: Mainz u. Bochum, 82 p.

Bartels, C., Poschmann, M., Schindler, T., and Wuttke, M., 1998, Mit der Säge in die Urgeschichte: Kosmos, no. 8, p. 42-48.

Bassler, R. S., 1909, The formation of geodes, with remarks on the silicification of fossils: Smithsonian Institution, Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum (1908), v. 35, p. 133-154, pl. 18-24.

Bassler, R. S., 1913, Notes on an unusually fine slab of fossil crinoids: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 46, no. 2, p. 57-59, pl. 1-2.

Bassler, R. S., 1915, Bibliographic index of American Ordovician and Silurian Fossils. U.S. National Museum Bulletin, v. 92, pt. 1, p. 1-718; pt. 2, p. 719-1521.

Bassler, R. S., 1919, Systematic paleontology of the Cambrian and Ordovician deposits of Maryland: Maryland Geological Survey, p. 18-373, pl. 24-58.

Bassler, R. S., 1925, Geological fieldwork in Tennessee: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, v. 77, no. 2, p. 15-19.

Bassler, R. S., 1932, The stratigraphy of the central basin of Tennessee: State of Tennessee, Division of Geology Bulletin, v. 38, p. 1-268, 59 pl.

Bassler, R. S., 1938, Pelmatozoa Palaeozoica. In Quenstedt, W., ed, Fossilium catalogus, I: Animalia. Part 83: W. Junk, s'Gravenhage, 194 p (reprinted, 1973)

Bassler, R. S., and Moodey, M. W., 1943, Bibliographic and faunal index of Paleozoic pelmatozoan echinoderms: Geological Society of America Special Paper 45, 734 p.

Bates, D.E.B., 1965, A new Ordovician crinoid from Dolgellau, North Wales: Paleontology, v. 8, p. 355-357, pl. 45.

Bates, D.E.B., 1968, On "Dendrocrinus" cambriensis Hicks, the earliest known crinoid: Palaeontology, v. 11, p. 406-409, pl. 76.

Bates, D.E.B., 1972, A new Devonian crinoid from Australia: Palaeontology, v. 15, p. 326-335, pl. 57-58.

Bather, F. A., 1889, The natural history of the Crinoidea: Proceedings of the London Amateur Scientific Society, v. 1, no. 1, 2, p. 32-33. (nonsystematic)

Bather, F. A., 1890a, British fossil crinoids. I. Historical introduction: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 5, p. 306-310.

Bather, F. A., 1890b, British fossil crinoids. II. The classification of the Inadunata: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 5, p. 310-334.

Bather, F. A., 1890c, British fossil crinoids. II. The classification of the Inadunata Fistulata (cont'd): Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 5, p. 373-388, pl. 14, 15.

Bather, F. A., 1890d, British fossil crinoids. II. The classification of the Inadunata Fistulata (cont'd): Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 5, p. 485-486, pl. 14, 15.

Bather, F. A., 1890e, British fossil crinoids. III. Thenarocrinus callipygus, gen. et sp. nov., Wenlock Limestone: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 6, p. 222-235, pl. 10.

Bather, F. A., 1891a, British fossil crinoids. IV. Thenarocrinus gracilis, sp. nov., Wenlock Limestone, and note on T. callipygus: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 7, p. 35-40, 1 pl.

Bather, F. A., 1891b, British fossil crinoids. V. Botryocrinus, Wenlock Limestone: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 7, p. 389-423, pl. 13.

Bather, F. A., 1891c, Some alleged cases of misrepresentation: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 7, p. 480-489.

Bather, F. A., 1891d, On some specimens of Herpetocrinus flectcheri, Salter, from the Wenlock Limestone of Dudley: Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, p. 5.

Bather, F. A., 1892a, Suggested terms in crinoid morphology: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 51-66.

Bather, F. A., 1892b, British fossil crinoids. VI. Botryocrinus quinquelobus, sp. nov., Wenlock Limestone; and note on Botryocrinus pinnulatus: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 189-194, pl. 11.

Bather, F. A., 1892c, British fossil crinoids. VII. Mastigocrinus loreus, nov. gen. et sp., Wenlock Limestone, Dudley: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 194-202, pl. 11, 12.

Bather, F. A., 1892d, British fossil crinoids. VIII. Cyathocrinus: C. acinotubus, Ang., and C. vallatus, sp. nov., Wenlock Limestone: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 6, v. 9, p. 202-226, pl 13.

Bather, F. A., 1892e, The fossil Crinoidea in the British Museum: Annual Report of the Museums' Association for 1891, p. 78-110.

Bather, F. A., 1893a, The Crinoidea of Gotland: Pt. 1, The Crinoidea Inadunata: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, v. 25, no. 2, p. 200 p., 10 pl.

Bather, F. A., 1893b, Tribrachiocrinus: Geological Magazine, ser. 3, v. 10, p. 80.

Bather, F. A., 1893c, Review of Etheridge, R. Jr., 1892, A monograph of the Carboniferous and Permo-Carboniferous invertebrata of New South Wales. Pt. II. Echinodermata, Annelida, and Crustacea: Geological Magazine, ser. 3, v. 10, p. 80-83.

Bather, F. A., 1895, Brachiocrinus and Herpetocrinus: American Geologist, v. 16, no. 4, p. 213-217.

Bather, F. A., 1895 - 1904, Echinodermata section of Zoological Record for 1895-190: Zoological Record, Section XIV, p. 32-41.

Bather, F. A., 1896a, The term syzygy in the description of crinoids: Zoologischer Anzeiger, v. 19, p. 57-61, 198. (nonsystematic)

Bather, F. A., 1896b, Merocrinus saloplae, n. sp., and another crinoid from the Middle Ordovician of West Shropshire: Geological Magazine, n. s., v. 3(w. v. 380), p. 71-75, 1 pl.

Bather, F. A., 1897a, Hapalocrinus victoriae, n.s., Silurian, Melbourne and its relation to the Platycrinidae: Geological Magazine, n. s., v. 4, p. 337-345, pl. 15.

Bather, F. A., 1897b, Echinoderma (general), Crinoidea, Cystidea, and Blastoidea. Guide to the fossil invertebrates, &c., British Museum Natural History: London, p. 88-90, 98-103.

Bather, F. A., 1898a, Petalocrinus (Weller and Davidson): Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 54, p. 401-441.

Bather, F. A., 1898b, Wachsmuth and Springer's classification of crinoids: Natural Science, v. 12, p. 337-345.

Bather, F. A., 1898-1899, Wachsmuth and Springers's monograph on crinoids: Geological Magazine, new ser. dec. 4, 5 (1898c), 1st notice, p. 276-283; 2nd notice, p. 318-329; 3rd notice, p. 419-428; 4th notice, p. 522-527; 6 (1899a), 5th notice, p. 32-44, 6th notice, p. 117-127.

Bather, F. A., 1898d, XIV. Echinoderma: Zoological Record, v. 34, p. 1-135.

Bather, F. A., 1899b, A phylogenetic classification of the Pelmatozoa. British Association for the Advancement of Science (1898), p. 916-923.

Bather, F. A. assisted by Gregory, J. W., and Goodrich, E. S., 1900a, Part III The Echinoderma. The Pelmatozoa: In Lankester, E. R., (ed.) A Treatise on Zoology. Adam and Charles Black, London, 344 p. (Crinoidea, p. 94-204)

Bather, F. A., 1900b, Pores in the ventral sac of fistulate crinoids: American Geologist, v. 26, p. 307-312.

Bather, F. A., 1900c, The lower Paleozoic crinoids of Bohemia: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, v. 6, p. 102-121.

Bather, F. A., 1901, Silurian crinoids of Chicago (a review of S. Weller, 1900): Geological Magazine, ser. 4, v. 3 (w.v. 38), p. 276-379. (nonsystematic)

Bather, F. A., 1906, The species of Botryocrinus: Ottawa Naturalist, v. 20, no. 5, p. 93-104.

 

Bather, F. A., 1907a, The discovery in West Cornwall of a Silurian crinoid characteristic of Bohemia: Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, v. 13, no. 3, p. 191-197.

Bather, F. A., 1907b, A guide to the fossil invertebrate animals in the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, S. W. London: London, British Museum Publication, 182 p.

Bather, F. A., 1909, Some common crinoid names and the fixation of nomenclature: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, v. 4, p. 37-42.

Bather, F. A., 1911, A guide to the fossil invertebrate animals in the Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History): London, British Museum, 183 p.

Bather, F. A., 1913a, The fossil crinoids referred to Hypocrinus Beyrich: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, p. 894-913, pl. 90.

Bather, F. A., 1913b, The Trenton crinoid, Ottawacrinus (W. R. Billings): Victoria Memorial Museum, Bulletin, v. 1, p. 1-10, 1 pl.

Bather, F. A., 1913c, Note on Merocrinus (Walcott): Victoria Memorial Museum Bulletin, v. 1, p. 11-14.

Bather, F. A., 1913d, British fossil crinoids. IX. Cydonocrinus parvulus, n.g. et sp., Yoredale Beds, Yorkshire: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, v. 12, p. 388-394.

Bather, F. A., 1914a, British fossil crinoids. X. Sycocrinus Austin, Lower Carboniferous: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, v. 13, p. 245-255, pl. 10.

Bather, F. A., 1914b, The Devonian crinoid Cupressocrinus townsendi Konig, sp.: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, v. 14, p. 397-402.

Bather, F. A., 1916a, Notes on Hydreionocrinus: Transactions of the Geological Society of Edinburgh (1912), v. 10, no. 1, p. 61-76, pl. 8.

Bather, F. A., 1916b, Tapering ends of crinoid stems from Roscobie: Transactions of the Geological Society of Edinburgh (1912), v. 10, no. 1, p. 77-79, pl. 5-7.

Bather, F. A., 1917a, The base in the camerate monocyclic crinoids: Geological Magazine, dec. 6, v. 4(w.v. 365), p. 206-212.

Bather, F. A., 1917b, Review of "Atactocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Richmond of Illinois" by Stuart Weller: Geological Magazine, v. 54, p. 132-133.

Bather, F. A., 1919a, A mystery crinoid; on "Mysticocrinus, a new genus of Silurian Crinodea," by Frank Springer: Geological Magazine, n. s., dec. 6, v. 6, p. 182-183.

Bather, F. A., 1919b, The antiquity of parasitic disease; on the parasitism of Carboniferous crinoids: Geological Magazine, n. s., dec. 6, v. 6, p. 276-277.

Bather, F. A., 1919c, Cupressocrinus gibber n. sp. du Dévonien supérieur de Belgique: Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et l'Hydrologie, v. 28, p. 129-136.

Bather, F. A., 1920a, Echinoid or crinoid?: Geological Magazine, v. 57, p. 371-372.

Bather, F. A., 1920b, No. X. Hydreionocrinus verrucosus n. sp., Carboniferous, Isle of Man: Transactions of the Glasgow Geological Society (1916-1917), v. 16, p. 203-206.

Bather, F. A., 1920c, Some British specimens of Ulocrinus: Transactions of the Glasgow Geological Society (1916-1917), v. 16, p. 207-219.

Bather, F. A. 1926, Notes sur Cupressocrinus et Rhopalocrinus: Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, de Paléontologie et l'Hydrologie, 36:39-51.

Bather, F. A., 1928, The fossil and its environment: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 84, no. 2, p. 61-93.

Bather, F. A., and Wachsmuth, C., 1896, Chapter 8. Stone-lilies, star-fishes, sea-urchins, and sea-cucumbers, Subkingdom Echinodermata. In Lydekker, R. J., ed, The Royal Natural History: London, Frederick Warne and Co., p. 289-319. (nonsystematic)

Baumiller, T. K., 1990a, Non-predatory drilling of Mississippian crinoids by platyceratid gastropods: Palaeontology, v. 33, p. 743-748.

Baumiller, T. K., 1990b, Physical modeling of the batocrinid anal tube: functional analysis and multiple hypothesis testing: Lethaia, v. 23, p. 399-408.

Baumiller, T. K., 1992a, Importance of hydrodynamic lift to crinoid autecology, or, could crinoids function as kites?: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 658-665.

Baumiller, T. K., 1992b, Survivorship analysis of Paleozoic Crinoidea: effect of filter morphology on evolutionary rates: Paleobiology, v. 19, no. 3, p. 304-321. (nonsystematic)

Baumiller, T. K., 1993, Crinoid stalks as cantilever beams and the nature of stalk ligament: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 190, p.115-133.

Baumiller, T. K., 1994, Patterns of dominance and extinction in the record of Paleozoic crinoids. In David, B., Guille, A., Féral, J. P., and Roux, M., eds, Echinoderms through time (Echinoderms Dijon): Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 193-198. (nonsystematic)

Baumiller, T. K., 1999, A new look at the functional morphology of blastoids, p. 243-248. In Carnevali, M.D.C. and Bonasoro, F., eds, Echinoderm Research 1998: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 550 p. (nonsystematic)

Baumiller, T. K., and Ausich, W. I., 1992, The broken-stick model as a null hypothesis for crinoid stalk taphonomy and as a guide for the distribution of connective tissue in fossils: Paleobiology, v. 18, p. 288-298.

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Beachler, C. S., 1887, Crinoid beds at Crawfordsville, Indiana: American Naturalist, v. 21, no. 12, p. 1106-1109. (nonsystematic)

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Beachler, C. S., 1889b, Notice of some new and remarkable forms of Crinoidea from the Niagara Limestone at St. Paul, Decatur County, Indiana: American Geologist, v. 4, p. 102-103.

Beachler, C. S., 1891, Corrected list of fossils found at Crawfordsville, Ind.: Geology and Natural History Indiana, Annual Report for 1888, p. 65-76. (Crinoidea, p. 66-68) (nonsystematic)

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Beede, J. W., 1899, New fossils from the Kansas coal measures: Kansas University Quarterly, v. 8, no. 3, p. 123-130, pl. 32, 33.

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Beede, J. W., 1902, New fossils from the Upper Carboniferous of Kansas: Kansas University Science Bulletin, v. 1, no. 6, p. 147-153, pl. 5.

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Belanski, C. H., 1928, Descriptions of some typical fossils of the Shellrock stage: American Midlands Naturalist, v. 11, p. 171-212, pl. 12-17.

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Bennett, D. K., 1984, Chapter 4, Fossils, p. 96-162. In Buchanan, R., ed, Kansas Geology: Lawrence, Kansas, University Press of Kansas, 208 p.

Benson, W. N., Dun, W. S., and Browne, W. R., 1920, The geology and petrology of the great serpentine belt of New South Wales. Part IX. The geology, palaeontology and petrography of the Currabubula District, with notes on adjacent regions: Proceedings Linnean Society New South Wales, v. 45, p. 337-374, pl. 18-24.

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Bertrand, E., 1763, Dictionnaire universel des Fossiles propres, et des Fossiles accidentels:, P. Gosse, Jr. and D. Pinet , La Haye, v. 1, 284 p.; v. 2, 256 p. (nonsystematic)

Bethune, P. de, and Martin, H., 1969, Étude microchimique sous la microsonde d'un article de Crinoïde: Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologique, de Paléontologie et de Hydrologie, v. 78, no. 3-4, p. 213-218.

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Beyer, E., 1896, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Fauna des Kalkes von Haina bei Wladgirmes (Wetzlar): Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, Bonn, v. 53, p. 56-102.

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Billings, E., 1857a, New species of fossils from Silurian rocks of Canada: Canada Geological Survey, Report of Progress 1853-1856, Report for the year 1856, p. 247-345. (Crinoids, p. 256-280).

Billings, E., 1857b, On the Crinoidea or stone lilies of the Trenton Limestone, with a description of a new species: Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, ser. 1, v. 1, p. 48-57.

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Billings, E., 1869b, Fossils of the Calciferous Sandrock including those of a deposit of white limestone at Mingian, supposed to belong to the formation: Canadian Naturalist, n. s., v. 4, p. 345-367.

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Billings, E., 1869-1870, Notes on the structure of the Crinoidea, Cystidea, and Blastoidea: American Journal of Science, ser. 2, v. 48, p. 69-83(1869);v. 49, p. 51-58(1870); v. 50, p. 225-240, 436 (1870). (Reprinted in Canada Geological Survey, Paleozoic fossils, v. 2, p. 90-128.)

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Billings, E., 1874, Paleozoic Fossils, v. II, pt. I, Canada Geological Survey, 144 p., 9 pl. [Echinoderms p. 90-128, reprint of articles published in American Journal Science ser. 2, v. 48 (1869); v. 49 (1870); and v. 50 (1870) and Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 5, 1870; v. 7, 1871].

Billings, W. R., 1881, Notes on two species and one genus of fossils from the Trenton Limestone, Ottawa: Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club Transactions, v. 2, p. 34-35.

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Billings, W. R., 1885a, Two new species of crinoids, Trenton, Ottawa area, Ont.: Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club Transactions, v. 6, p. 248-250, 1 pl.

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Billings, W. R., 1887, A new genus and three new species of crinoids from the Trenton Formation with notes on a large specimen of Dendrocrinus proboscidiatus: The Ottawa Naturalist (Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club Transactions), v. 111, p. 49-54, 1 pl.

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Bolton, T. E., 1968a, Silurian faunal assemblages Manitoulin Island, Ontario. In Field Trip Guidebook, Michigan Basin Geological Society, p. 38-49, map.

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Bolton, T. E., 1970a, Silurian-Ordovician macrobiostratigraphy of Anticosti Island, Quebec (12E, F): Geological Survey of Canada Report of Activities, Paper 70-1(A), p. 107-108.

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Bolton, T. E., and Copeland, M. J., 1972b, Manitoulin Island region Ordovician and Silurian fossils. In Robertson, J. A., and Card, K. D., eds, Geology and scenery north shore of Lake Huron region: Geological Guidebook No. 4, Ontario Division Mines, p. 54-61, pl. A-D.

Bonik, K., Gutmann, W. F., and Haude, R., 1978, Stachelhäuter mit Kiemen Apparat: Der Berg für die Ableitung der Echinodermen von Chordatieren: Natur and Museum, v. 108, no. 7, p. 211-214.

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Boswell, P.G.H., 1935, Easter Field Meeting, 1935. North western Denbighshire: Proceedings of the Geological Association of London, v. 46, p. 193-202, pl. 11-14. (Crinoids, p. 193, pl. 11)

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Boucek, B., 1931, Zpráva o novém zajímavém nálezu rodu Cupressocrinus Goldf. v. celechovském Devonu. [Note on a new interesting find of the genus Cupressocrinus Goldf. in the Devonian near Celechovice]: Casopis Vlasteneckého Spolku Musejního v Olomouci, Oddíl Prírodovedny, v. 44, no. 167-168, p. 262-263. (In Czech)

Boucek, B., 1937, Zpráva o nálezu spodnodevonské fauny u Stínavy na Drahanské vysocine na Morave [Note about a find of the Lower Devonian fauna near Stínava on Drahany highland in Moravia]: Casopis Vlasteneckého Spolku Musejníno v Olomouci, Oddíl prírodovedny, v. 50, no. 185-186, p. 72-78. (In Czech)

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Bourrouilh, R., and Termier, G., 1973, Balearocrinus breimeri, Crinoïde nouveau du Visëen supérieur de Minorque (Baléares): Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, v. 93, no. 3, p. 225-232, pl. 27, 28.

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Bouska, J., 1948, Holynocrinus, new crinoid genus from the Middle Devonian of Bohemia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 520-524.

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Bouska, J., 1956b, O rodu Protaxocrinus Springer (Crinoidea) ze stredoceského siluru [On the occurrence of the genus Protaxocrinus Springer (Crinoidea) in the Silurian of Bohemia]: Sborník Ustredního Ustavu Geologického, Oddíl Paleontologicky (1955), v. 22, p. 323-333, 1 pl. (In Czech; Russian summary p. 329-331; English summary p. 332-333)

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Carpenter, P. H., 1886b, A review of: Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea.--Part III. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, v. 18, p. 406-412. (nonsystematic)

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Charlesworth, 1865, The Reader, v. 6, pt. 35, no. 152. (unseen)

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Chen, Z-t., Yao, J-h., and Yu, G-r., 1985, Two new genera of Middle Devonian crinoids from western Yunnan: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 24, no. 5, p. 548-552, 1 pl.

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Chernuishev - see Tschernyschew

Chernyschev - see Tschernyschew

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Chong-tai, C., and others - see Chen, Z-t. and others

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Clarke, J. M., 1900, The Oriskany fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co., N. Y: New York State Museum, Memoir 3, p. 5-128.

Clarke, J. M., 1903, See Clarke, J. M., and Ruedeman, R., 1903

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Clarke, J. M., 1905b, With regard to Portage crinoids: American Geologist, v. 35, p. 246-247.

Clarke, J. M., 1905c, Prof. James Hall and the Troost manuscript: American Geologist, v. 35, p. 256-257. (nonsystematic)

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Clarke, J. M., 1913b, Fosseis devonianos do Parana: Monograph Servico Geologico e Mineralogico do Brasil, v. 1, p. 1-353, 27 pl. (See Kirk,1913, for echinoderms)

Clarke, J. M., 1921a, Early parasitism of the snails upon the crinoids. In Organic dependence and disease: their origin and significance: New York State Museum, Bulletin (1919), nos. 221-222, p. 64-78.

Clarke, J. M., 1921b, Organic dependence and disease: their origin and significance: New Haven, Yale University Press, 113 p. (Crinoids p. 56-82)

Clarke, J. M., and Luther, D. D., 1904, Stratigraphic and palaeontologic map of Canandaigua and Naples quadrangles: New York State Museum, Bulletin, v. 63, p. 3-76.

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Collins, J. H., 1910, Addenda to the working list of Cornish Palaeozoic fossils: Transactions of the Geological Society of Cornwall, v. 13, p. 385-427. (Most identifications incorrect and descriptions so vague unusable, not indexed, GDW).

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Czerminski, J., ed, 1972, Geology of Poland, v. II Catalogue of fossils, Part I Palaeozoic: Publishing House Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warsaw, 292 p. (nonsystematic)

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Donovan, S. K., 1983a, Crinoid columnals from the Ordovician: Open Earth, v. 17, p. 35-36.

Donovan, S. K., 1983b, Potential applications of crinoid columnals in palaeontology: Amateur Geologist, v. 10, p. 20-31, 2 pl.

Donovan, S. K., 1983c, Tetrameric crinoid columnals from the Ordovician of Wales: Palaeontology, v. 26, p. 845-849.

Donovan, S. K., 1984a, A crinoid columnal morphospecies from the Upper Ordovician of Girvan and Kazakhstan: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 20, p. 135-142, 1 pl.

Donovan, S. K., 1984b, Ramseyocrinus and Ristnacrinus from the Ordovician of Britain: Palaeontology, v. 27, p. 623-634.

Donovan, S. K., 1985a, The Ordovician crinoid Trochocrinites laevis Portlock, 1843: Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 6, p. 121-126.

Donovan, S. K., 1985b, The Ordovician crinoid genus Caleidocrinus Waagen and Jahn, 1899: Geological Journal, v. 20, p. 109-121.

Donovan, S. K., 1985c, A cladid inadunate crinoid from the Ordovician Tramore Limestone of County Waterford: Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 7, p. 9-13.

Donovan, S. K., 1985d, Ristnacrinus and the oldest myelodactylid from the Ashgill Boda Limestone of Sweden: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, (1984), v. 106, p. 347-356.

Donovan, S. K., 1985e, Biostratigraphy and evolution of crinoid columnals from the Ordovician of Britain: Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, p. 19-24.

Donovan, S. K., 1986a, Pentameric pelmatozoan columns from the Arenig Tourmakeady Limestone, County Mayo: Irish Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 7, p. 93-97.

Donovan, S. K., 1986b, A new genus of inadunate crinoid with unique stem morphology from the Ashgill of Sweden: Palaeontology, v. 29, p. 235-242, pl. 23.

Donovan, S. K., 1986c, An unusual crinoid columnal from Salthill Quarry, Clitheroe, Lancashire: Geological Journal, v. 21, p. 421-424.

Donovan, S. K., 1986d, Pelmatozoan columnals from the Ordovician of the British Isles. Part 1: Palaeontographical Society Monograph, v. 138, no. 568, p. 1-68, 6 pl.

Donovan, S. K., 1987a, Fossils explained 7: crinoid columnals: Geology Today, v. 3, p. 100-101.

Donovan, S. K., 1987b, Functional morphology of an unusual pelmatozoan column from the Ashgill Boda Limestone, Sweden: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 109, p. 255-257.

Donovan, S. K., 1988a, Functional morphology of synarthrial articulations in the crinoid stem: Lethaia, v. 21, p. 169-175. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1988b, The British Ordovician crinoid fauna: Lethaia, v, 21, p. 424. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1988c, The early evolution of the Crinoidea. In Paul, C.R.C., and Smith, A. B., eds, Echinoderm phylogeny and evolutionary biology: Oxford, Clarendon Press, p. 235-244.

Donovan, S. K., 1989a, More about Ramseyocrinus Bates (Crinoidea): Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, p. 124-125.

Donovan, S. K., 1989b, The improbability of a muscular crinoid column: Lethaia, v. 22, p. 307-315. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1989c, The significance of the British Ordovician crinoid fauna: Modern Geology, v. 13, p. 243-255. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1989d, Pelmatozoan columnals from the Ordovician of the British Isles. Part 2: Palaeontographical Society Monograph, v. 142, no. 580, p. 69-114, pl. 7-13.

Donovan, S. K., 1989e, The taphonomy of echinoderms: calcareous multi-element skeletons in the marine environment. In Donovan, S. K., ed, The process of fossilization: London, Belhaven Press, p. 241-269.

Donovan, S. K., 1990, Functional morphology of synostosial articulations in the crinoid column: Lethaia, v. 23, p. 291-296.

Donovan, S. K., 1991a, Site selectivity of a Lower Carboniferous boring organism infesting a crinoid: Geological Journal, v. 26, p. 1-5.

Donovan, S. K., 1991b, Chapter 11. The taphonomy of echinoderms: calcareous multi-element skeletons in the marine environment. In Donovan, S. K., ed, The process of fossilization: London, Belhaven Press, p. 241-269.

Donovan, S. K., 1991c, The least loved fossils?: Rocks and Minerals, v. 66, p. 30-38.

Donovan, S. K., 1992a, New cladid crinoids from the Late Ordovician of Girvan, Scotland: Palaeontology, v. 35, p. 149-158.

Donovan, S. K., 1992b, A new crinoid from the Ashgill Starfish Bed, Threave Glen: Scottish Journal of Geology, v. 28, p. 123-126.

Donovan, S. K., 1992c, A field guide to the fossil echinoderms of Coplow, Bellman and Salthill Quarries, Clitheroe, Lancashire: North West Geologist, v. 2, p. 33-54.

Donovan, S. K., 1993a, A Rhuddanian (Silurian, lower Llandovery) pelmatozoan fauna from south-west Wales: Geological Journal, v. 28, p. 1-19.

Donovan, S. K., 1993b, Contractile tissues in the cirri of ancient crinoids: criteria for recognition: Lethaia, v. 26, p. 163-169. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1993c, Crinoids from the upper Ashgill (Upper Ordovician) of Wales: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 604-613.

Donovan, S. K., 1994, The Late Ordovician extinction of the crinoids in Britain: National Geographic Research and Exploration, v. 10, no. 1, p. 72-79.

Donovan, S. K., 1995a, No evidence for an echinoderm equivalent of the Hirnantia fauna: Modern Geology, v. 20, p. 11-19.

Donovan, S. K., 1995b, Pelmatozoan columnals from the Ordovician of the British Isles. Part 3: The Palaeontographical Society, London, Monograph, p. 115-193, pls. 14-26.

Donovan, S. K., 1996a, Fossils explained 15: Palaeozoic crinoids. Geology Today, (Sept.-Oct., 1995), p. 196-199.

Donovan, S. K., 1996b, Fossil echinoderms in the Lucas Barrett collection, geology museum, University of the West Indies, Mona: Journal of the Geological Society of Jamaica, v. 31, p. 1-5.

Donovan, S. K., 1996c. Comment: Geology, v. 24, p. 381. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1997, Comparative morphology of the stems of the extant bathycrinid Democrinus Perrier and the Upper Palaeozoic platycrinitids (Echinodermata, Crinoidea): Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, v. 23 (1996), p. 1-27.

Donovan, S. K., 1998a, Survival of crinoid stalk fragments and its taphonomic implications: Discussion: Paleontological Research, v. 2, no. 4, p. 283-284. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 1998b, Comparative morphology of the stems of the extant bathycrinid Democrinus Perrier and the Upper Palaeozoic Platycrinitids (Echinodermata, Crinoidea): Corrigendum: Bulletin Mizunami Fossil Museum, v. 24 (1997), p. 201. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S., 1999, Chapter 38. Echinoderms and calcichordates, p. 565-600. In Savazzi, E., ed, Functional morphology of the invertebrate skeleton: New York, John Wiley and Sons, 706 p.

Donovan, S. K., and Clark, N.D.L., 1992, An unusual crinoid columnal morphospecies from the Llandovery of Scotland and Wales: Palaeontology, v. 35, p. 27-35.

Donovan, S. K., and Cope, J.C.W., 1989, A new camerate crinoid from the Arenig of south Wales: Palaeontology, v. 32, p. 101-107, pl. 14.

Donovan, S. K., Dickson, W. L., Boyce, W. D., and Ash, J. S., 1997, A new species of stalked crinoid (Echinodermata) of possible Late Silurian age from central Newfoundland: Atlantic Geology, v. 33, p. 11-17.

Donovan, S. K., Doyle, E. N., and Harper, D.A.T., 1992, A flexible crinoid from the Llandovery (Silurian) of western Ireland: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 262-266.

Donovan, S. K., and Franzén-Bengtson, C., 1988, Myelodactylid crinoid columnals from the Lower Visby Beds (Llandoverian) of Gotland: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 110, p. 69-79.

Donovan, S. K., and Gale, A. S., 1989, Iocrinus in the Ordovician of England and Wales: Palaeontology, v. 32, p. 313-323.

Donovan, S. K., and Harper, D.A.T., 1993, The pelmatozoan fauna of the High Mains Formation (Ordovician: Hirnantian) of the Craighead Inlier, Strathclyde: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, (1992), v. 83, p. 669-677.

Donovan, S. K., Hollingworth, N.T.J., and Veltkamp, C. J., 1986, The British Permian crinoid "Cyathocrinites" ramosus (Schlotheim): Palaeontology, v. 29, p. 809-825, pl. 71, 72.

Donovan, S. K., Kallmeyer, J. W., and Veltkamp, C. J., 1995, Functional morphologies of the columns of Upper Ordovician Xenocrinus and Dendrocrinus: Lethaia, v. 28, p. 309-315.

Donovan, S. K., and Lewis, D. N., 1999, An epibiont and the functional morphology of the column of a platycrinitid crinoid Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, v. 52, p. 321-323.

Donovan, S. K., and Paul, C.R.C., 1985, Coronate echinoderms from the lower Palaeozoic of Britain: Palaeontology, v. 28, p. 527-543, pl. 62-63.

Donovan, S. K., and Paul, C.R.C., 1993, Stephanocrinus (Echinodermata, Blastozoa) from Europe: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 309.

Donovan, S. K., Paul, C.R.C., and Lewis, D. N., 1996, 13. Echinoderms, p. 202-267 in Harper, D.A.T., and Owen, A. W., eds, Fossils of the Upper Ordovician. The Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils, no. 7, 312 p.

Donovan, S. K., and Pawson, D. L., 1997, Proximal growth of the column in bathycrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) following decapitation: Bulletin of Marine Science, v. 61, p. 571-579.

Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K., 1995a, Crinoid columns preserved in life position in the Silurian Arisaig Group of Nova Scotia, Canada: Palaios, v. 10, p. 362-370.

Donovan, S. K., and Pickerill, R. K., 1995b, A camerate crinoid from the Upper Silurian (Ludlow) Moydart Formation of Nova Scotia, Canada: Atlantic Geology, v. 31, p. 81-86.

Donovan, S. K., Pickerill, R. K., Mikulic, D. G., and Kluessendorf, J., 1996, Upright crinoids of the Thornton reef, Wenlock (Silurian) of Illinois, USA.: Geological Journal, v. 31, p. 369-378.

Donovan, S. K., and Savill, J. J., 1988, Ramseyocrinus (Crinoidea) from the Arenig of Morocco: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 283-285.

Donovan, S. K., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1985, Crinoid arms from Salthill Quarry, Clitheroe, Lancashire: Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, v. 45, p. 179-182.

Donovan, S. K., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1989, Myelodactylid crinoids from the Silurian of the British isles: Palaeontology, v. 32, p. 689-710, pl. 80-82.

Donovan, S. K., and Veltkamp, C. J., 1990, Barycrinus (Crinoidea) from the Lower Carboniferous of England: Journal of Paleontology, v. 64, p. 988-992.

Donovan, S. K., and Veltkamp, C. J., 1993, Crinoids from the upper Ashgill (Upper Ordovician) of Wales: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 604-613.

Donovan, S. K., and Westhead, S., 1987, Platycrinites contractus (Gilbertson) and a new Platycrinites from the Lower Carboniferous of northern England: Proceedings of the Geological Association, v. 98, p. 211-215.

Donovan, S. K., and Wright, A. D., 1995, Pelmatozoan (crinoid?) columnals from the Hirnantian (Ordovician, Ashgill) of Keisley, Cumbria, UK: Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, v. 50, p. 229-238.

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Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1967, Devonskie krinoidei khrebta Tas-Khayashtakh (Severo-vostok SSSR) [Devonian crinoids of the Task-Hayahtah mountain range (northeastern USSR)]. In Novye dannye po biostratigrafii devona i verkhnego paleozoya Sibiri [Collected articles of new facts in biostratigraphy of the Devonian and upper Paleozoic of Siberia]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdeleniye Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, Moscow, p. 32-41, pl. 6. (In Russian)

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Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1971, Morskie lilii rannego i srednego Devona Altaya i Kuzbassa [Crinoidea of the Early and Middle Devonian of the Altai and Kuzbas]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofizki, v. 124, p. 1-159, 10 pl. (In Russian)

Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1973a, Ob Usloviyakh Sushchestovovaniya Krinoidei i Raselenii ikh v Moryakh Devonskogo Perioda na Territorii Altae-Sayanckoi Gornoi Oblasti [On life conditions of crinoids and their distribution in the seas of Devonian at the territory of the Sayan-Altai folded region]. In Detckhtina, O.A., and Zhuraleva, I.T., eds, Sreda i Zhizn v Geologicheskom Proshlom: Pozdnii Dokenbrii i Paleozoi Sibiri [Environment and Life in the Geological Past: Late Precambrian and Paleozoic of Siberia]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 169, p. 118-123. (In Russian)

Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1973b, Srednedevonskie Stebli Krinoidei Pravoberezhya r. Kolm [Middle Devonian crinoid stems from the right bank of the River Kolyma]. In Iwanowski, A.B., ed, Novoe v Paleontologii Sibiri i Srednei azii [News in the Paleontology of Siberia and Middle Asia]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki,v. 47, p. 95-103, pl. 24-26. (In Russian)

Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1975a, Devonskie Krinoidei Minusinskoy Kotlovin [Devonian Crinoids of the Minusin Basin]: Akademiya Nauk USSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 272, p. 1-58, 7 pl. (In Russian)

Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1975b, Nizhnedevonckie stebli krinoidey basseyna r. Seymchan (Severo-Vostok SSSR) V kn. Biostratigrafiya Devona i Karbona Sibiri [Lower Devonian crinoid stems of the Seimchan River Basin (the North-East of the USSR). In Dubatolov, V.N., and Yuferev, O.V., eds, Biostratigraphy of the Devonian and Carboniferous of Siberia]: Izdatelstvo Nauka, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 220, p. 47-52, 9 pl. (In Russian)

Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1976, In Dubatolov, V.N., ed, Pribalkhashe--perekhodnaya zona biogeograficheskikh poyasov pozdnego karbona [Pribalkhash-transition zone of biogeographical belts of the Late Carboniferous]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 285, p. 1-164, 25 pl. (Crinoid systematics p. 81-98, pl. 23-25) (In Russian)

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Fischer de Waldheim, G., 1830, Oryctographie du Gouvernement de Moscow, 202 p., 62 pl.

Fischer de Waldheim, G., 1834, Bibliographia Palaeonthologica Animalium Systematica. O Homothalami, p. 317-324. (Reference source)

Fischer de Waldheim, G., 1837, Oryctographie Gouvernement de Moscow, 2nd ed., 202 p., 62 pl.

Fleming, J., 1828, An history of British animals, exhibiting their descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom . . . . : Edinburgh, Bell and Bradfute, 565 p.

Fleming, P.J.G., Day, R. W., Murray, C. G., and Whitaker, W. G., 1974, Late Palaeozoic invertebrate macrofossils in the Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds: Queensland Government Mining Journal, v. 75, p. 104-107.

Fleming, P.J.G., Murray, C. G., and Whitaker, W. G., 1975, Late Paleozoic invertebrate fossils in the Wandilla Formation, and the deposition of the Curtis Island Group: Queensland Government Mining Journal, v. 76, no. 889, p. 417-422.

Flügel, E., and Reinhardt, J., 1989, Uppermost Permian reefs in Sikyros (Greece) and Sichuan (China): implications for the Late Permian extinction event: Palaios, v. 4, p. 502-518.

Foerste, A. F., 1884, The power of motion in crinoid stems: American Naturalist, v. 18, p. 57-58.

Foerste, A. F., 1893a, The reproduction of arms in crinoids: American Geologist, v. 12, p. 340.

Foerste, A. F., 1893b, Chapter 5. Fossils of the Clinton Group in Ohio and Indiana: Ohio Geological Survey, v. 7, p. 516-601, pl. 25-37a.

Foerste, A. F., 1909, Fossils from the Silurian Formations of Tennessee, Indiana and Kentucky: Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratory Denison University, v. 14, no. 6, p. 61-107, 4 pl.

Foerste, A. F., 1913, The identification of Trenton and lower geological horizons: Kentucky Geological Survey Bulletin, ser. 4, v. 1, no. 1, p. 365-376.

Foerste, A. F., 1914, The Rogers Gap fauna of central Kentucky: Cincinnati Society of Natural History, Journal, v. 21, p. 109-156.

Foerste, A. F. 1917a, Notes of Silurian fossils from Ohio and other central states: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 17, no. 7, p. 187-204, 233-266, pl. 8-12.

Foerste, A. F., 1917b, The Silurian fauna of Kentucky. In The paleontology of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 6, v. 36, p. 169-212, pl. 17-26.

Foerste, A. F. 1918, The Richmond faunas of Little Bay de Noquette, in northern Michigan: Ottawa Naturalist, v. 31, p. 97-103, 121-127, pl. 4-6.

Foerste, A. F., 1919, Echinodermata of the Brassfield (Silurian) Formation of Ohio: Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratory Denison University, v. 19, no. 1, p. 3-32, 7 pl.

Foerste, A. F., 1920, Racine and Cedarville cystids and blastoids with notes on other echinoderms: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 21, p. 1-78, 4 pl.

Foerste, A. F., 1922, The distribution of the Ottawa Trenton echinoderm faunas: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 36 no. 5, p. 84-86.

Foerste, A. F. 1924, See Slocom and Foerste, 1924.

Foerste, A. F., 1925, Upper Ordovician faunas of Ontario and Quebec: Canada Department Mines, Geological Survey, Memoir 138 (1924), Geology Series, v. 121, p. 1-255, 46 pl. (See Ulrich, E. O., 1925)

Foerste, A. F., 1936, Several new Silurian cephalopods and crinoids chiefly from Ohio and Hudson Bay: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 36, p. 261-275, 2 pl.

Follmann, O, 1882, Die unterdevonischen Schichten von Olkenbach: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande, Westfalens, Bonn, ser. 4, v. 9, w.v. 39, p. 129-179.

Follmann, O., 1887, Unterdevonische Crinoidea: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande, Westfalens, and des Regierungs-bezirks Osnabruck, 26 p., 2 pl.

 

Follmann, O., 1891, Über die unterdevonischen Schichten bei Coblenz: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussichen Rheinlande, Westfalens Jahrgang, 48, p. 117-173.

Follmann, O., 1901, Hystricrinus schwerdii Follm. Eine neue Crinoidenart aus den Oberen Coblenzschichten: Verhandlung des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande, Westfalens Jahrgang, 58, p. 66-76, 1 pl.

Fontaine, A. R., and Chia, F. S., 1968, Echinoderms: an autoradiographic study of assimilation of dissolved organic molecules: Science, v. 161, p. 1153-1155.

Foord, A. H., 1890, Description of fossils from the Kimberley District, Western Australia. Geological Magazine, dec. 3, v. 7, no. 3, p. 98-105, 145-155, pl. 4-7.

Foote, M., 1994a, Morphological disparity in Ordovician - Devonian crinoids and the early saturation of morphological space: Paleobiology, v. 20, p. 320-344. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1994b, Morphology of Ordovician - Devonian crinoids: The University of Michigan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 1-39. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1995a, Morphological diversification of Paleozoic crinoids: Paleobiology, v. 21, p. 273-299. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1995b, Morphology of Carboniferous and Permian crinoids: Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan, v. 29, no. 7, 135-184. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1996a, Perspective: evolutionary patterns in the fossil record: Evolution, v. 50, p. 1-11. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1996b, Chapter 4. Models of morphological diversification. In Jablonski, D., Erwin, D. H., and Lipps, J. H., eds, Evolutionary paleobiology: University of Chicago Press, p. 62-86.

Foote, M., 1996c, Ecological controls on the evolutionary recovery of post-Paleozoic crinoids: Science, v. 274, p. 1492-1495. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1997, Sampling, taxonomic description, and our evolving knowledge of morphological diversity: Paleobiology, v. 23, p. 181-206. (nonsystematic)

Foote, M., 1999, Morphological diversity in the evolutionary radiation of Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic crinoids: Paleobiology Memoirs, v. 25, suppl. to no. 2, p. 1-115.

Foote, M., and Raup, D. M., 1996, Fossil preservation and the stratigraphic ranges of taxa: Paleobiology, v. 22, p. 121-140.

Forbes, E., 1841, A history of British starfishes and other animals of the Class Echinodermata: London, J. Van Voorst, 267 p., woodcuts. (nonsystematic)

Forbes, E., 1872, In Murchison, R. I., Siluria, 5th edition: London, John Murray, echinoderms p. 216-217, 222-226.

Ford, S. W., and Dwight, W. B., 1886, Preliminary report on fossils from metamorphic limestones of the Taconic series of Emmons at Canaan, N. Y.: American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 3, v. 31, p. 248-255.

Foster, M. W., 1988, The fossils of Illinois: Rocks and Minerals, v. 63, p. 202-209.

Føyn, S., 1967, Stratigraphical consequences of the discovery of Silurian fossils on Magerøy, the island of North Cape: Norges Geologiske Undersogelse, (1966), v. 247, p. 208-222.

Fraipont, J., 1883, Recherches sur les Crinoides du Famennien (Devonian Superieur) de Belgique: Annules de la Société Géologique Belgique, Memoirs, v. 10, p. 1-26, 2 pl. (see Dewalque, G., 1883)

Fraipont, J., 1884, Recherches sur les Crinoides du Famennien (Devonien Superieur) de Belgique, III: Annules de la Société Géologique Belgique, Memoires, v. 11, no. 2, p. 105-118, 1 pl. (see Dewalque, G. 1884)

Fraipont, J., 1904, Echinodermes du Marbre Noir de Dinant (Viseen inferier, via): Annules de la Société Géologique Belgique, Memoires, v. 2, p. 1-12, 5 pl.

 Franke, W., 1973, Fazies, Bau und Entwicklingsgeschichte des Iberger Riffes (Mittledevon bis Unterkarbon IV, NW-Harz, W. Deutschland): Geologisches Jahrbuch Reihe A, v. 11, p. 3-127, 9 pl.

Franzén, C., 1974, Epizoans on Silurian-Devonian crinoids: Lethaia, v. 7, p. 287-301.

Franzén, C., 1977, Crinoid holdfasts from the Silurian of Gotland: Lethaia, v. 10, p. 219-234.

Franzén, C., 1979, Echinoderms. In Lower Wenlock faunal and floral dynamics--Vattenfallet Section Gotland: Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning ser. C NR 762, Avhandlingar och Uppsatser, Arsbok 73, no. 3, p. 216-224, 1 pl.

Franzén, C., 1982, A Silurian crinoid thanatotope from Gotland: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, v. 103, no. 4, p. 469-490.

Franzén, C., 1983, Ecology and taxonomy of Silurian crinoids from Gotland: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Abstracts of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science, no. 665, p. 1-31.

Franzén-Bengston, C., 1983, Radial perforations in crinoid stems from the Silurian of Gotland: Lethaia, v. 16, p. 291-302.

Fraunfelter, G. H., 1965, Gennaeocrinus sp. from the Glen Park Formation of northeastern Missouri: Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science, v. 58, p. 204-205.

Fraunfelter, G. H., 1974, Arthropods, echinoderms, graptolites, annelids, and the trace fossils (with a supplement on corals) from the Lingle and St. Laurent Limestones (Middle Devonian) of southern Illinois and southeastern Missouri: Southern Illinois University Research Studies, v. 14, p. 1-61, 6 pl.

Frech, F., 1897, [Referat ueber] O. Jaekel: Beitrage zur Kenntniss der palaeozoischen Crinoiden Deutschlands: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie (1897), v. 1, p. 176-183.

Frech, F., 1897-1902, Lethaea geognostica oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. Herausgegeben von einer Vereinigung von Palaeontologen. (2 vols), I. Theil. Lethaea palaeozoica:

 Echinoderms p. 144-146, pl. 23b.

Frederickson, E. A., and Waddell, D. E., 1960, An unusual crinoid from the Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 20, p. 172-174, pl. 1.

Frest, T. J., 1975, Marsupiocrinidae of the Laurel Limestone of southeastern Indiana: Geological Magazine, v. 112, p. 556-574, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., 1977, Cyathocrinites from the Silurian (Wenlock) strata of southeastern Indiana: Fieldiana Geology, v. 35, no. 7, p. 109-136.

Frest, T. J., Brett, C. E., and Witzke, B. J., 1999, Chapter 45. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of central and eastern North America, p. 638-783. In Boucot, A. J., and Lawson, J. D., eds, Paleocommunity analysis: a Silurian-Lower Devonian example: Cambridge, New York, Melborne, Cambridge University Press, 938 p. (nonsystematic, but excellent association and stratigraphic information)

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1977a, Carpocrinus (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from the Late Silurian of Somerset Island, Northwest Territories, Canada: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 14, p. 132-136.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1977b, Three new camerates (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) from the Silurian of Oklahoma and Tennessee: Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, p. 272-281, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1977c, Prokopicrinidae, new family of ?Camerate crinoids, Silurian (Wenlockian-Ludlovian), Tennessee and Oklahoma: Journal of Washington Academy of Science, v. 67, no. 4, p. 144-154.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1977d, The taxonomic status of Poteriocrinus (Scaphiocrinus mcadamsi) Meek and Worthen, 1873: Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, p. 860-864.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1977e, Hirneacrinidae (new), simple Silurian camerate crinoids from the North American continental interior: Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, p. 1181-1200, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1978a, The flexible crinoid genus Anisocrinus (Ordovician-Silurian) in North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 683-696.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1978b, Manicrinus (Nov.), a cladid evolutionary homeomorph of the bottom dwelling Hybocrinus, Brownsport (Silurian: Ludlow) of Tennessee: Southeastern Geology, v. 19, p. 157-175, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1978c, A revision of Lecanocrinus (Crinoidea: Flexibilia) and a new North American Devonian lecanocrinid: Neues Jarhbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatschefte, v. 9, p. 521-533.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1980, New diminutive camerate crinoids from the Ludlow of Oklahoma: Geological Magazine, v. 117, p. 255-266, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1981, New camerate crinoids from the Silurian of North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 639-655.

Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1982, New Manicrinidae (Crinoidea, Inadunata, Dendrocrinina) from the Silurian of Illinois and Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 720-728, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., Mikulic, D. G., and Paul, C.R.C., 1977, New information on the Holocystites fauna (Diploporita) of the Middle Silurian of Wisconsin, Illinois, and Indiana: Fieldiana Geology, 35, no. 6, p. 83-105.

Frest, T. J., Strimple, H. L., and Kelly, S. M., 1976, A new Ordovician camerate crinoid from Kentucky: Southeastern Geology, v. 17, p. 139-148, 1 pl.

Frest, T. J., Strimple, H. L., and McGinnis, M. R., 1979, Two new crinoids from the Ordovician of Virginia and Oklahoma, with notes on pinnulation in the Disparida: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 399-415, 1 pl.

 Fric, A., 1869, Petrefacten aus dem körnigen Kalke von Pankrac bei Gabel: Archiv für des Naturwissenschaftliche Landesdurchforschung von Böhmen, v. 1, p. 257-259.

Fric, A. (Frice, Antonína), 1870, Skameneliny ze zrnitého vápence u Pankráce nedaleko Jablonnéhn (Gabel): Archiv pro Prírodoved. Vyzkum Cech, v. 1, p. 232-234. (In Czech)

Fric, A. (Fritsch, Anton), 1904, O lobolitu ze spodího siluru [On the lobolith from the Early Silurian): Vesmír, v. 33, no. 24, p. 277. (In Czech)

 

Fric, A., 1905, Vorläufige Notiz über Miscellanea paleontologica aus Böhmen und America: Sitzungsberichte der Königlich-böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Prag. II. Classe, 1905, Rivnác Verlag, p. 1-3.

Fric, A., 1907, Miscellanea Palaeontologica. I. Palaeozoica, Prague, Selbstverlag, F. Rivnác, 23 p., 12 pl.

Fric, A., 1909, Über eine Echinodermenlarve aus dem Untersilur Böhmens: Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, v. 33, no. 24-25, 797-798.

Frice - See Fric

Fritsch - See Fric

Fritz, M. A., 1925, The stratigraphy and paleontology of Toronto and vicinity. Part 4: Hydrozoa, Echinodermata, Trilobita, and markings: Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report, (1923), v. 32, no. 7, p. 1-34, 3 pl.

Fritz, M. A., 1942, Catalogue of types in the Royal Ontario Museum of Paleontology, Pt. 2 [Annelida, Cystoidea, Blastoidea, Crinoidea, Stellaroidea, and Bryozoa]: Royal Ontario Museum, Paleontology Contribution no. 6, 30 p. (nonsystematic)

Gahn, F., 1995, A Mississippian crinoid assemblage from the Lodgepole Formation of southeastern Idaho: Maps Digest, v. 18, no. 4, p. 108-124.

Galle, A., Hladil, J., and Isaacson, P. E., 1995, Middle Devonian biogeography of closing south Laurussia-north Gondwana variscides: examples from the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic), with emphasis on Horni Benesov: Palaios, v. 10, p. 221-239. (nonsystematic)

Ganss, O., 1937, Hafscheiben von Krinoiden und Cystoiden an ordovizischen Orthocerengeschieben: Zeitschrift für Geschiebeforschung und Flachlandesgeologie, v. 13, no. 1, p. 16-27.

Garner, R., 1844, The natural history of the county of Stafford comprising its geology, zoology, botany and meteorology: London, J. Van Voorst, 458 p., with pl.

Gaspard, D., and Roux, M., 1974, Quelques Aspects de la Fossilisation des Tests Chez Les Brachiopodes et les Crinoides. Relation entre la Presence de Matiere Organique et le Developement D'Agregats Ferriferes: Geobios, no. 7, fasc. 2, p. 81-89, pl. 16-18.

Geinitz, H. B., 1846, Grundriss der Versteinerungskunde: Dresden und Leipzig, Arnoldische Buchhandlung, p. 522-560, pl. 22-23.

Geinitz, H. B., 1852-53, Die Versteinerungen der Grauwacken-Formations in Sachsen und den anganzenden Landerabteilungen: p. 72, with pl.

Geinitz, H. B., 1867a, Carbonformation und Dyas in Nebraska: K. Leopold.-Carolin: Verhandlungen des Deutschen Akademi Naturforschenden, Dresden (1866), v. 33, p. 1-91, 5 pl.

Geinitz, H. B., 1867b, Über organische Überreste aus der Steinkohlengrube Arnao bei Avilés in Asturien: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, p. 283-286, 3 pl.

Gekker, R. F. - See Hecker, R. F.

Genser, H., 1965, Fossilfunde aus den Schiefern von Weiler bei Weissenburg/Elsass: Uber und Mittlungen Oberrhein Geologisches Verhandlungen, N.F., v. 47, p. 153-157.

Geological Society of London, 1902, List of the types and figured specimens recognized by C. D. Sherborn, in the collection of the Geological Society of London: Verified and arranged, with additions, by J. F. Blake (+appendix), v. 6, p. 1-100. (unseen)

Gerasimov, P. A., 1969, Verkhniy Podbyarus Volzhskogo Yarusa Tsentralnoy Chasti Russkoy Platformy [Upper substages of the Volga Stage of the central part of the Russian Platform]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Izdatelstvo Nauka, p. 1-144, 44 pl. (In Russian)

Gerth, H., 1927, Die Spongien aus dem Perm von Timor: Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen In Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, v. 55, p. 99-132, 8 pls. (nonsystematic)

Gerth, H., 1936, The occurrence of isolated calicular plates of Dinocrinus in the Permocarboniferous of Australia and India and its stratigraphical significance. Koninklijke Akademiya van Wetenschappente Amsterdam, Proceedings, v. 39, p. 865-870.

Gervais, F.L.P., 1835, In Cuvier, M. R. (Director), Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelles: Paris, Le Normant; Strasbourg, F. G. Levrault, v. 3, p. 49, pl. 147.

Gesner, J., 1758, Tractatus Physicus de Petrificatis in duas partes distinctus, &c: Lugduni Batavorum, 136 p.

Gibson, M. A., 1995, Paleoecology of the Birdsong Shale and Rockhouse Limestone Members of the Ross Formation: University of Tennessee Studies in Geology, v. 25, p. 48-63.

Gibson, M. A., and Broadhead, T. W., 1989, Species-specific growth responses of favositid corals to soft-bottom substrates: Lethaia, v. 22, p. 287-299.

Gid, D., Domínguez, P., Torres, M., and Jiménez, I., 1999, A mathematical tool to analyze radially symmetrical organisms and its application to a new camerate from Upper Ordovician of south western Spain: Geobio, v. 32, no. 6, p. 861-867.

Gil Cid, M. D., Alonso, P. D, González, M.C.C., and Ródenas, M. E., 1996, Nuevo Macrocystellidae (Echinodermata, Cystoidea Rhombifera) para el Ordovicico Español: Estudios Geologicos, v. 52, no. 3-4, p. 175-183.

Gil Cid, M. D., Alonso, P. D, and Pobes, E. S., 1996, Reconstrucción y modo de videa de Heviacrinus melendezi nov. gen. nov. sp. (Disparida, Iocrinidae), primer crinoide descrito del Ordovícico medio de los Montes de Toledo (España): Revista de la Sociedad Geológica España, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 19-27.

Gil Cid, M. D., Alonso, P. D., and Pobes, E. S., 1998, Coralcrinus sarachagae gen. nov. sp. nov. primer crinoide (Disparida Inadunata) descrito en el Ordovícico medio de Sierra Morena: Cologuios de Paleontologia (COL-PA), v. 49, p. 115-128.

Gil Cid, M. D., Alonso, P. D, Pobes, E. S., and Ródenas, M. E., 1996, Bohemiaecystis jefferiesi n. sp.; primer Cornuta para el Ordovicico Español: Estudios Geologicos, v. 52, no. 5-6, p. 313-326.

Gilbertson, W., 1833, Mr. Conway’s supposed lily encrinite is the Cyathocrinites tuberculatus of Miller: The Magazine of Natural History, v. 6, p. 281. (nonsystematic)

Gilbertson, W., 1843, In Portlock, J. E., Report on the geology of the county of Londonderry and of parts of Tyrone and Fermanagh: Dublin, A. Miliken, 784 p. (Crinoids, p. 345-350; pl. 15-16)

Girty, G. H., 1899, Devonian and Carboniferous fossils. Section 2, Chapter 12, Part 2 Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: U. S. Geological Survey, Monograph 32, pt. 2, p. 479-578, pl. 64-71.

Girty, G. H., 1903, The Carboniferous formations and faunas of Colorado: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 16, p. 7-546, 10 pl.

Girty, G. H., 1908, The Guadalupian fauna: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 58, p. 1-512, 31 pl.

Girty, G. H., 1911, On some new genera and species of Pennsylvanian fossils from the Wewoka Formation of Oklahoma: Annals of the New York Academy of Science, v, 21, p. 119-156.

Girty, G. H., 1915a, Fauna of the Wewoka Formation of Oklahoma: U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin v. 544, p. 1-271, 35 pl.

Girty, G. H., 1915b, Faunas of the Boone Limestone at St. Joe, Arkansas: U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin v. 598, p. 5-50, pl. 1-3.

Girty, G. H., 1920, Carboniferous and Triassic faunas: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 111, p. 641, 656-657 (pl. expl.), pl. 57.

Girty, G. H., 1928, The Pocono fauna of the Broad Top coalfield, Pennsylvania: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 150E, p.110-127, pl. 22-23.

Gischler, E., 1996, Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous deep-water coral assemblages and sedimentation on a Devonian seamount: Iberg Reef, Harz Mts., Germany: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 123, p. 297-322.

Gluchowski, E., 1977, Czony odyg liliowców i ich znacnenie w badaniach geologicznych [Crinoid columnals and their significance in geological studies]: Wszechswiat, v. 12, p. 308-310. (In Polish)

Gluchowski, E., 1980a, New taxa of Devonian and Carboniferous crinoid stem parts from Poland: Bulletin de L'académie Polanaise Des Sciences, Série Sciences Terre, v. 28, no. 1, p. 43-49.

Gluchowski, E., 1980b, Rozwos ontogenelyczby Mediocrinus microgrumosus Dubatolova ze srtodkowego dewonu Gor Swietokrzyckich [Ontogenetic developemnt of Mediocrinus microgrumosus Dubatolova, from the Middle Devonian of the Holy Cross Mountains]: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Geologia, v. 6, no. 3, p. 19-26. English summary p. 25-26. (In Polish)

Gluchowski, E., 1981a, Stratigraphic significance of Paleozoic crinoid columnals from Poland: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Geologia, v. 7, no. 2, p. 89-110.

Gluchowski, E., 1981b, Paleozoic crinoid columnals and pluricolumnals from Poland: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Geologia, v. 7, no. 3, p. 29-57, 5 pl.

Gluchowski, E. 1981c, Czlony lodyg liliowcow z serii skalskiej (zywet) Gor Swietokrzyskich [Crinoid columnals from the Skaly Beds (Givetian) from the Holy Cross Mountains]: Sprawozdanie z posiedzen Komisji Nauk Geologicznych PAN, v. 22, p. 428-429. (In Polish) (nonsystematic)

Gluchowski, E., 1982, On microstructures of columnals of some Paleozoic crinoids: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 27, no. 1-4, p. 77-83, pl. 27-29.

Gluchowski, E., 1986a, Devonian crinoid columnals of genus Laudonomphalus Moore & Jeffords: an indicator of biotope changes: Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Gorniczo-Hutniczej, Geologia v. 12, p. 5-21.

Gluchowski, E., 1986b, Crinoid ossicles from the Tournaisian of the Galezice region, Holy Cross Mountains: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Sciences, v. 34, no. 2, p. 197-207, 3 pl.

Gluchowski, E., 1993a, Crinoid assemblages in the Polish Givetian and Frasnian: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 38, no. 1/2, p. 35-92.

Gluchowski, E., 1993b, Upper Emsian crinoids from the Bukowa Gora quarry in the Klonow Range, Holy Cross Mts.: Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Slaskiego no. 1331, Geologia, v. 12/13, p. 159-174.

Gluchowski, E., 1999, Famenskie liliowce obszaru swietokrzyskiego--radiacja i wymieranie: Przeglad Geologiczny, v. 47, no. 4, p. 384-386. (nonsystematic)

Gluchowski, E., Piotrowski, A., and Tomczykowa, E., 1991, Crinoidea (columnals). Silurian. In Pajchlowa, M., (ed), Geology of Poland. Atlas of guide and characteristic fossils. Paleozoic: Warsaw, Publishing House Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, v. 3, no. 1a, p. 289-294, pl. 158-159.

Goldfuss, G. A., 1826-44, Petrefacta Germaniae, tam ea, Quae in Museo Universitatis Regiae Borussicae Fridericiae Wilhelmiae Rhenanea, serventur, quam alia quaecunque in Museis Hoeninghusiano Muensteriano aliisque, extant, iconibus et descriiptionns illustrata. -- Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Petrefacten Deutschlands und der Angränzende Länder, unter Mitwirkung des Hern Grafen Georg zu Münster, herausgegeben von August Goldfuss. v. 1 (1826-1833), Divisio prima. Zoophytorum reliquiae, p. 1-114; Divisio secunda. Radiariorum reliquiae, p. 115-221 [Echinodermata]; Divisio tertia. Annulatorium reliquiae, p. 222-242; v. 2 (1834-40), Divisio quarta. Molluscorum acephalicorum reliquiae. I. Bivalvia, p. 65-286; II. Brachiopoda, p. 287-303; III. (1841-44), Divisio quinta. Molluscorum gasteropodum reliquiae, p. 1-121; atlas of plates, 1-199, Düsseldorf, Arnz & Co.

  v. 1, p. 1-76 (1826)

    p. 77-164 (1829)

    p. 165-240 (1831)

    p. 241-252 (1833)

  v. 2, p. 1-68 (1833)

    p. 69-140 (1836)

    p. 141-224 (1837)

    p. 225-312 (1840)

  v. 3, p. 1-128 (1844)

Goldfuss, G. A., 1839, Beitäge zur Petrefactenkunde, Acta Natur. Curiosorum: Nova Acta Physico-medica Academie Caesar Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, v. 19, p. 329-364, pl. 30-33, Breslau & Bonn.

Goldfuss, G. A., 1862-1866, Petrefacta Germaniae: and Repertorium zu Goldfuss' Petrefacta Deutschlands, 2nd ed., pt. 1, 234 p.; pt. 2, 298 p.; pt. 3, 120 p., 201 pl., Leipzig, List and Francke.

Goldring, W., 1923, The Devonian crinoids of the state of New York: New York State Museum, Memoir 16, p. 1-670, 60 pl.

Goldring, W., 1926, New species of Hamilton Crinoids: New York State Museum, Bulletin v. 267, p. 89-91, 2 pl.

Goldring, W., 1929, Handbook of paleontology for beginners and amateurs. Part I. The fossils: New York State Museum, Handbook 9, p. 1-356. (Echinoderma p. 97)

Goldring, W., 1933, A new species of crinoid from the Devonian (Oriskany) of Maine: Proceedings of the Buffalo Society of Natural History, v. 4, p. 153-155, pl. 3-4.

Goldring, W., 1934, Some Hamilton crinoids of New York and Canada: Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science, v. 15, no. 3, p. 182-200, pl. 1-2.

Goldring, W., 1935a, Some Upper Devonian crinoids from New York: Annals of the Carnegie Museum, v. 24, p. 337-348, pl. 22-24.

Goldring, W., 1935b, New and previously known Middle Devonian Crinoids of New York: Annals of the Carnegie Museum, v. 24, p. 349-368, pl. 25-27.

Goldring, W., 1935c, Crinoids of the Tully Formation. In Cooper, G. A., and Williams, J. S., Tully Formation of New York: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 46, p. 831-837, pl. 55-59.

Goldring, W., 1936, Some Hamilton (Devonian) crinoids from New York: Journal of Paleontology, v. 10, p. 14-22, pl. 6-7.

Goldring, W., 1938a, An Upper Devonian species of Aorocrinus: Annals of the Carnegie Museum, v. 27, p. 109-112, pl. 6.

Goldring, W., 1938b, Devonian crinoids from the Mackenzie River Basin (N.W.T.) Canada: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 24, no. 81, p. 1-23, 2 pl.

Goldring, W., 1938c, Additional notes on previously described Devonian crinoids: New York State Museum, Bulletin 315, p. 77-83, 2 pl.

Goldring, W., 1939, Linobrachiocrinus, new name for Linocrinus Goldring, not Kirk, 1938: Journal of Paleontology, v. 13, p. 354.

Goldring, W., 1942, Crown of Ancyrocrinus bulbosus Hall: Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science, v. 17, p. 13-18, pl. 4.

Goldring, W., 1943, Geology of the Coxsackie quadrangle, New York: New York State Museum and Science Service, Bulletin 332, p. 1-374.

Goldring, W., 1945, Notes on Thamnocrinus springeri Goldring and other Hamilton crinoids: American Journal of Science, v. 243, p. 57-65, 1 pl.

Goldring, W., 1946, A new Lower Chemung crinoid: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 31, no. 119, p. 1-5, 1 pl.

Goldring, W., 1948a, Occurrence of Gennaeocrinus kentuckiensis (Shumard) in Pennsylvania: Wagner Free Institute of Science, Bulletin v. 23, p. 1-3, 1 pl.

Goldring, W., 1948b, Status of "Homocrinus" cylindricus Hall: Wagner Free Institute of Science, Bulletin v. 23, p. 25-32, 1 pl.

Goldring, W., 1950, Devonian crinoids: new and old: Wagner Free Institute of Science, Bulletin v. 25, p. 29-35.

Goldring, W., 1951, A new species of the Genus Craterocrinus Goldring: New York State Museum, Circular 27, p.1-6, 1 pl.

Goldring, W., 1954, Devonian crinoids: new and old, II: New York State Museum, Circular 37, p. 1-51, 6 pl.

Goldstein, A., 1983, Fossils of the Louisville Limestone: Fossils Quarterly, v. 2, no. 1-2, p. 34-41.

Goldstein, A., 1995, A Middle Mississippian crinoid fauna from Kentucky and a comparison with Indiana species and depositional environments: Maps Digest, v. 18, no. 4, p. 35-41.

Golowkinsky, N. A., 1869, O Permskoy formatsiy v tsentralnoy chasi Kamsko-Volzhskogo Basseina [On Permian formations of the central part of the Kamsko-Volzhskogo Basin]: Materialii dlya Geologii Rossii, v. 1, p. 350-360, pl. 2. (In Russian)

Good, D.L., 1968, The Burlington crinoids: Earth Science, v. 21, p. 161-164, 1 pl.

Gorby, S. S., 1891, List of specimens in the State Museum: Annual Report Geology and Natural History Indiana, (1888, dated 1889), p. 383-468.

Gordon, C. H., 1890a, On the Keokuk Beds at Keokuk, Iowa: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 40, p. 295-300. (nonsystematic)

Gordon, C.H., 1890b, Observations on the Keokuk species of Agaricocrinus: American Geologist, v. 5, p. 257-261, 1 pl.

Gordon, C. H., 1890c, On the Keokuk Beds and their contained fossils in the vicinity of Keokuk Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science for 1887-89, v. 1, p. 98-100. (nonsystematic)

Gorskie [Gorsky], I. I., 1939, Altas rukovodyashchikh form iskopaemykh faun SSSR: v. 5. Sredniy i verkhniy otdely kamennougolnoy sistemy [Atlas of the leading forms of the fossil faunas of USSR; v. 5, Middle and Upper Carboniferous System]: Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologo-Razvedochnyi Institut, v. 5, p. 1-155, 36 pl., Leningrad. (In Russian) (see Yakovlev, 1939)

Gortani, M., 1906, Contribuzioni allo studio del Paleozoico Carnico. I. La fauna Permocarbonifera del Col Mezzodi presso Forni Avoltri: Palaeontographia Italica. Pisa, v. 12, p. 1-84, 3 pl.

Gortani, M., 1907, Contribuzione allo studio del paleozoico carnico. II. Fauna devoniana: Palaeontographia Italica Pisa, v. 13, p. 1-63, pl. 1-2.

Gourvennec, R., Bouyx, E., Brice, D., and Le Menn, J., 1997, The Siluro-Devonian palaeobiogeography of the Meguma Terrane and is relationships with north Gondwana. In Pires, C. C., Gomes, M.E.P., and Coke, C., eds, XIV Reuniao de geologia do oeste peninsular: University of Oviedo, p. 65-70. (nonsystematic)

Grabau, A. W., 1899a, Geology and palaeontology of Eighteen Mile Creek and the lake shore sections of Erie County, New York: Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, crinoidea, p. 139-148.

Grabau, A. W., 1899b, Moniloporidae, a new family of Palaeozoic corals: Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, v. 28, p. 409-424, pl. 1-4.

Grabau, A. W., 1901a, Guide to the geology and paleontology of Niagara Falls and vicinity: New York State Museum, Bulletin v. 45, no. 9, p. 1-284.

Grabau, A. W., 1901b, Guide to the geology and paleontology of Niagara Falls and vicinity: Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science, v. 7, p. 1-284.

Grabau, A. W., 1903, Notes on the development of the biserial arm in certain crinoids: American Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 16, p. 289-300.

Grabau, A. W., 1906, Guide to the geology and paleontology of the Schoharie Valley in eastern New York: Albany University New York State Museum, Bulletin v. 92, p. 77-386, pl. 1-24.

Grabau, A. W., 1920, A Lower Permian fauna from the Kaiping coal-basin: Bulletin Geological Survey of China, v. 2, p. 69-76, pl. 9.

Grabau, A. W. and Shimer, H. W., 1910, North American index fossils, invertebrates: New York, v. 2, p. 1-909. (Echinoderms, p. 458-603)

Graff, L. von, 1884, Über einige Deformitäten an fossilen Crinoiden: Palaeontographica, v. 31, p. 185-191, pl. 16.

Grant, J. A., 1881, Description of a new species of Porocrinus from the Trenton Limestone: Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club Transactions, no. 2, p. 42-44, 1 pl.

Grant, R. E., 1963, Unusual attachment of a Permian linoproductid brachiopod. Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, p. 134-140, pl. 19.

Gray, J. E., 1842, Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, 44th edition: London, 308 p.

Gregorio, A. de, 1930, Sul Permiano di Sicilia: Annales de Géologie et de Paléontologie, v. 52, p. 1-67, 21 pl.

Grenfell, J. G., 1876, Notes on Carboniferous encrinites from Clifton and Lancashire: Proceedings of the Bristol Naturalist's Society, v. 1, no. 3, p. 476-488, pl. 6-7.

Grewingk, C.C.A., 1867, Über Hoplocrinus dipentas und Baerocrinus ungerni: Dorpat, Archiv Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands, ser. 1, v. 4, p. 100-114, 1 pl.

Grewingk, C.C.A., 1867, Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Russischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg. (unseen)

Groessens, E., 1989, A history of the subdivision of the Dinantian subsystem: Bulletin van de Belgische Vereniging voor Geologie, v. 98, p. 183-195.

Grosch, P., 1912, Zur Kenntnis des Paläozoicums und des Gebirgsbaues der westlichen Cantabrischen Ketten in Asturien (Nord-Spanien): Stuttgart Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, v. 33, p. 714-753, pl. 16-21.

Gross, K., 1948, Ein neuer Fund von Lodanella mira Kayser in Unterdevon des Siegerlandes. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte Abteilungen B., Jahrgang. 1945-1948, no. 1-4, p. 40-42.

Grubbs, D. M., 1939, Fauna of the Niagaran nodules of the Chicago area: Journal of Paleontology, v. 13, p. 543-560, pl. 51-52.

Grygar, R., and Vasícek, Z., 1983, Stebli morskikh lilyi produktivnogho karbona tschechoslovatskoyi shasti verkhnesilezskogho basseyina (Namurian A) [Stems of crinoids of the producing Carboniferous from the Czechoslovakian part of the Upper Silesian Basin (Namurian A)]: Casopis Slezského Muzea Opava, A, v. 32, p. 271-284, 2 pl. (In Russian, Czech summary)

Guensburg, T. E., 1984, Echinodermata of the Middle Ordovician Lebanon Limestone, central Tennessee: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 86, no. 319, 100 p., 16 pl.

Guensburg, T. E., 1992a, Paleoecology of hardground encrusting and commensal crinoids, Middle Ordovician, Tennessee: Journal of Paleontology, v. 66, p. 129-147.

Guensburg, T. E., 1992b, Glaucocrinus falconeri Parks and Alcock, 1912 (Crinoidea) and its systematic status: Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences, Occasional Paper 39, p. 1-7.

Guensberg, T. E., 1995, Lives and times of crinoids: Maps Digest, v. 18, no. 4, p. 76-83.

Guensburg, T. E. and Sprinkle, J., 1992, Rise of echinoderms in the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna: significance of paleoenvironmental controls: Geology, v. 20, p. 407-410.

Guettard, J. E., 1761, Mémoire sur les encrinites et les pierres etoilées, dans lequel on traitera aussi des entroques, …:. Academie des Sciences, Paris, Mémoires 1755, p. 224-263, 318-354, pls. 8-9, 14-16.

Gulliver, R., Haude, R., and Seilacher, A., 1976, Konstruktionsmorphologische Lizenen des Echinodermen-Skelettes: Zentralblatt für Geologisches Paläontologie (Paläontologie) 1976, no. 5-6, p. 227-232, 306-311.

Gunther, L. F., and Gunther, V. G., 1981, Some Middle Cambrian fossils of Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 28, no. 1, p. 1-81, 67 pl.

Guoli, M., Leone, F., Olivieri R., and Serpagli, E., 1988, The Mason Porcus section as reference section for uppermost Silurian-Lower Devonian in SW Sardinia: Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, v. 27, p. 323-334, 2 pl.

Gupta, V. J., 1971, Indian Palaeozoic fossils: Panjab University Chandigarh Publication no. 9, p. 1-100, 67 pl. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., 1981, Lower Palaeozoic cystoids and crinoids from Ladakh: Himalayan Geology, v. 9, p. 348-351. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a) (nonsystematic)

Gupta, V. J., and Prokop, R. J., 1978, Kallimorphocrinus indicus sp. n. (Crinoidea) from the lower Carboniferous of Himalaya, India: Revista Italiana Paleontologia, v. 84, no. 1, p. 57-62, pl. 6. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Prokop, R. J., 1983, Permian crinoid Rhysocamax Moore and Jeffords from Kashmir: Bulletin of Indian Geologists' Association, v. 16, no. 2, p. 179-180. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Termier, G., 1978, Lower Paleozoic echinodermata from Chandiragiro Pass near Katmandu, Nepal: Recent Research in Geology, v. 7, p. 472-480, 1 pl. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Webster, G. D., 1971, Stephanocrinus angulatus Conrad (Crinoidea) from the Silurian of Kashmir: Palaeontology, v. 14, p. 262-265, pl. 39. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Webster, G. D., 1972, A fossil crinoid from the Syringothyris Limestone of Kashmir, India: Science and Culture, v. 38, p. 211-212. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Webster, G. D., 1974, A new crinoid from the Lower Carboniferous of the Himalaya: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monetschefte, no. 6, p. 336-341. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Webster, G. D., 1976, Melocrinites from the Godavari Series of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Geological Society of India Journal, v. 17, p. 413-415 (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Webster, G. D., 1980, Palaeozoic crinoids from Ladakh, Himalaya, India: Revista Italiana Paleontologia, v. 86, no. 1, p. 1-18, pl. 1-2. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gupta, V. J., and Webster, G. D., 1985, Scyphocrinites from near Losar, Spiti Valley, Himalayas: Bulletin Indian Geologists' Association, v. 18, no. 1, p. 21-22 (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Gürich, G., 1908, Leitfossilien, Erste Lieferung: Kambrium und Silur: Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 96 p., 28 pl.

Gürich, G., 1909, Leitfossilien, 2nd Lieferung: Leitfossilien des Devonian: Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, p. 97-199, pl. 29-52.

Gürich, G., 1933a, Leitfossilien; ein Hilfsbuch zum Bestimmen von Versteinerungen bei geologischen Arbeiten in der Sammlung und im Felde: Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 582 p. , 48 pl,.

Gürich, G., 1933b, Die Kuibis-Fossilien der Nama-Formation von Sudwestafrica: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 15, p. 137-154.

Gurley, W.F.F., 1883, New Carboniferous Fossils: Bulletin 1. Privately printed, 9 p.

Gurley, W.F.F., 1884, New Carboniferous Fossils: Bulletin 2. Privately printed, 12 p.

Guthrie, M. J. and Anderson, J. M., 1957, General zoology: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 708 p. (Echinoderma, p. 486-509)

Gutschick, R. C., 1965, Pterotocrinus from the Kinkaid Limestone (Chester, Mississippian) of Illinois and Kentucky: Journal of Paleontology, v 39, p. 636-646, pl. 79-80.

Gutschick, R. C., 1968, Late Mississippian (Chester) Allagecrinus (Crinoidea) from Illinois and Kentucky: Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, p. 987-999. 

Gwynne, C. S., 1962, Fossil starfish and crinoid slabs: Geotimes, v. 7, no. 1, p. 17.

Haaf, E. T., 1958, La couverture anale de Hypocrinus: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings, v. 53, p. 891-893.

Haarmann, E., 1920, Die Botryocriniden und Lophocriniden des rheinischen Devons: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 41, no. 1, hf 1, p. 1-87, 6 pl.

Habetín, V., and Knobloch, E., 1983, Kapesní atlas zkamenelin [Pocket atlas of fossils]: Státín Pedagogické Nakladatelství, 2nd ed., Praha, 285 p. (In Czech)

Hadding, A., 1933, The pre-Quarternary sedimentary rocks of Sweden. V. On the organic remains in limestones: Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, n. s., pt. 2, v. 29, no. 4, Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskskapet Handingar, n. s., v. 44, no. 4, p. 1-93.

Hadding, A., 1941, The pre-Quarternary sedimentary rocks of Sweden. VI. Reef limestones: Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, n. s., pt. 2, v. 37, no. 10, Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet Handlingar, n. s., v. 52, no. 10, p. 1-137.

Haeckel, E., 1896a, Die Amphorideen und Cystoideen; Beiträge zur Morphologie und Phylogenie der Echinodermen: Festschrift für Carl Gegenbaur, Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 179 p., 5 pl.

Haeckel, E., 1896b, Systematische Phylogenie. Entwurf eines natürlichen Systems der Organismen auf Grund ihrer Stammesgeschichte. Theil 2. Wirbellose Thiere. Berlin, G. Reimer, 720 p. (nonsystematic)

Note: James Hall made a number of preprints of some of his papers. Several of these reprints were distributed, others were not. A. Horowitz and M. H. Nitecki have undertaken the formidible task of sorting out the Hall bibliography and I am extremely grateful for the use of the listing of the crinoid papers in their manuscript. Notations after the J. Hall papers are modified from the manuscript of Horowitz and Nitecki, however I am responsible for the citations listed herein.

Hall, J., 1843a, Geology of New York. Part IV, comprising the survey of the fourth geological district. Natural History of New York: Albany, Carroll and Cook, v. 4, 683 p., 19 pl.

Hall, J., 1843b, The Crinoidea of the rocks of New York, their geological and geographic distribution: American Journal of Science and Arts, v. 45, p. 349-351.

Hall, J., 1847a, Crinoidea from the Middle Silurian period: 72 p. , pl. 41, A41, 42-49, 49A, 50-51 (pl. lack explanation). (Note there is no evidence that this preprint was circulated, thus it is not indexed.)

Hall, J., 1847b, Palaeontology of New York, v. 1, Containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower division of the New-York system (equivalent of the Lower Silurian rocks of Europe). Natural History of New York: Albany, State of New York, v. 6, 338 p. 99 pl.

Hall, J., 1848a, Catalogue of specimens in the geological department of the Geological Survey. Annual Report of the Regents of the University on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History. With Catalogues of the Same: New York State Senate Doc. 72, Albany, C. van Benthuysen, 39 p. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1848b, Catalogue of specimens in the geological department of the Geological Survey. Annual Report of the Regents of the University on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History. With Catalogues of the Same: New York State Senate Doc. 72, Albany, C. van Benthuysen, 15 p. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1849, List of minerals, geological specimens and fossils, added to the collection during 1847 and 1848; with a memorandum of Prof. Hall, as to the additions made to the palaeontological cabinet since April 11, 1848. Second Annual Report of the Regents of the University on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History. With Catalogues of the Same: State of New=York, Doc. 20 in Senate, Jan. 12, 1849, Albany, Weed, Parson & Co., p. 65-70. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1850, Remarks on: A list of the fossil crinoids of Tennessee. by Prof. G. Troost, of Nashville: Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, v. 2, p. 63-64.

Hall, J., 1851a, Chapter 13. Description of new or rare species of fossils from the Paleozoic series in Foster, J. W., and Whitney, J. D., Report on the Geology of Lake Superior land district. Pt. 2. The Iron Region together with general geology: U.S. 32nd Congress Special Session, S. Ex Doc. 4, pt. 3, p. 203-231.

Hall, J., 1851b, Catalogue of specimens of the rocks and fossils in the Gray Sandstone, Medina Sandstone, Clinton Group, Niagara Group, Onandaga Salt Group, and a part of the Water-Lime Group; being a continuation of the catalogue of the State Geological collection as far as the fossils are named and described. Fourth annual report of the Regents of the University, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural Histroy, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection, Annexed thereto: State of New York in Senate Document 30, Albany, C. van Benthuysen, p. 117-142. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J. 1852a, Palaeontology of New York, v. 2, Containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower middle division of the New-York system. Natural History of New York, New York, D. Appleton & Co. and Wiley & Putnam; Boston, Gould, Kendall, & Lincoln, v. 6, 362 p., 84 pl.

Hall, J., 1852b, Palaeontology of New York. Volume II. Containing descriptions of the organic remains of the lower middle division of the New-York system, (equivalent in part to the Middle Silurian rocks of Europe): Albany, C. van Benthuysen, 362 p. + errata sheet. (Note, this is a preprint of the Second Volume of the Palaeontology of New York. Since the year of publication is the same as that of volume 2 and the distribution is uncertain, it is not indexed.)

Hall, J., 1852c, Crinoideae of the Clinton and Niagara Groups (equivalent, in part, of the Middle Silurian strata of Europe). Albany, 72 p., pl. 41, 41A, 42-49, 49A, 50-51. (Note, this is a preprint from the Second Volume of the Palaeontology of New York. Since the year of publication is the same as that of volume 2 and the distribution is uncertain, it is not indexed. A copy is in the University of Indiana, Geology Library Special Collections. GDW)

Hall, J., 1858a, Crinoideae of the Burlington Limestone (p. 1-73); Crinoideae of the Keokuk Limestone (p. 74-102); Crinoideae and other echinodermata of the Warsaw Limestone (p. 103-117); Crinoideae and other echinodermata of the Kaskaskia Limestone (p. 118-140). (Note, this is a preprint from the Palaeontology of Iowa, p. 524-596, 600-634, 654-666, 669-673, and 678-700. Since the distribution and date of publication of this volume is uncertain it is not indexed as all taxa are in the Palaeontology of Iowa. A copy is in the University of Indiana, Geology Library Special Collections and the Springer Room, U. S. National History Museum. GDW)

Hall, J., 1858b, Crinoids of New York [in advance of Palaeontology of New York, vol. 3]: The American Journal of Arts and Science, ser. 2, v. 25, p. 277-279.

Hall, J., 1858c, Chapter 8. Palaeontology of Iowa. In Hall, J. and Whitney, J. D., Report of the Geological Survey of the state of Iowa: Embracing the results of investigations made during portions of the years 1855, 56 &: 57, v. 1, part II; Palaeontology, p. 473-724, 29 pl., index to Part II separately paginated, 3 p. (Note, a personal copy of this paper belonging to Alan Horowitz contains separately paginated 4 pages.)

Hall, J., 1858-64 - see Hall, J., 1864b

Hall, J., 1859a, Contributions to the palaeontology of Iowa, being descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils: Supplement to vol. I, part II, of the Geological Report of Iowa, 1-92, 3 pl.

Hall, J., 1859b, Palaeontology: Volume 3. Containing descriptions and figures of the organic remains of the lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone 1855-1859. Part I, Text: Natural History of New York, Geological Survey of New York, v. 3, 532 p. (See Hall, J. 1861d for plates 1-140 for this volume.)

Hall, J., 1859c, Catalogue of the species of fossils described in volumes I., II., and III. of the Palaeontology of New-York; with corrections in nomenclature, as far as determined to the present time. In Contributions to the palaeontology of New-York; being some results of investigations made during the years 1855, '56, '57, & ’58: Twelfth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection Connected therewith, State of New York in Assembly Document 186, Albany, C. van Benthuysen, p. 63-87. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1859d, Corrected list of the fossils described in the Report of the Fourth Geological District of New-York. In Contributions to the palaeontology of New-York; being some results of investigations made during the years 1855, '56, '57, & 58: Twelfth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection Connected therewith, State of New York in Assembly Document 186, Albany, C. van Benthuysen, p. 87-92. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1859e, Catalogue of the species of fossils described in the third volume of hte Palaeontology of New York, including those from the Waterlime Group, the Lower Helderberg Group, and the Oriskany Sandstone. In Contributions to the palaeontology of New-York; being some results of investigations made during the years 1855, '56, '57, & 58: Twelfth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection Connected therewith, State of New York in Assembly Document 186, Albany; C. van Benthuysen, p. 93-96. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1859f, [Plates to Volume 3 of Palaeontology of New York], pl. 1, 2, 2A, 3, 3A, 3B, 4-7, 7A, 73-79, 85-88. (Note, separate issue and distribution of these plates is uncertain. Thus it is not indexed. Copy in the Indiana University, Department of Geology Library, Special Collections. GDW)

Hall, J., 1860a, Notes and observations upon the fossils of the Gonitite Limestone in the Marcellus Shale of the Hamilton Group, in the eastern and central parts of the state of New York, and those Gonitite beds of Rockford, Indiana; with some analogous forms from the Hamilton Group proper, in Appendix F. Contributions to Palaeontology, 1858 & 1859: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection Annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 89, p. 95-112, 125.

Hall, J., 1860b, Observations upon a new genus of Crinoidea: Cheirocrinus, in Appendix F. Contributions to Palaeontology, 1858 & 1859: Thirteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection Annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 89, p. 121-124.

Hall, J., 1860c, Contributions to the palaeontology of Iowa: being descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils: Iowa Geological Survey, supplement to 1(2) of Geological Report of Iowa, 1859a, 4 p.

Hall, J., 1861a, Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi Valley: Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, v. 3, p. 261-328. (Note, this is a circulated preprint with an incorrect volume number on it.)

Hall, J., 1861b, Descriptions of new species of crinoidea; from investigations of the Iowa Geological Survey. Preliminary notice: Albany, New York; C. van Benthuysen, 18 p. (Note, a distributed separate; copy in the University of Indiana, Geology Library, Special Collections. GDW)

Hall, J., 1861c, Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi valley: Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, v. 7, p. 261-328. (See Hall, J., 1872 for plates 1-7, privately distributed.)

Hall, J., 1861d, Palaeontology: Volume 3. Containing descriptions and figures of the organic remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone, 1855-1859. Part II Plates: Natural History of New York, Geological Survey of New York, Albany, C. van Benthuysen, 140 pl.

Hall, J., 1861e, Report of the superintendent of the Geological Survey, exhibiting the progress of the work, January 1, 1861 [including descriptions of new species of fossils from the investigations of the Survey]: Madison, Wisconsin, E. A. Calkins and Co., State Printer, 52 p.

Hall, J., 1862a, Preliminary notice of some of the species of Crinoidea known in the Upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups of New York: New York State Cabinet of Natural History 15th Annual Report, p. 87-125, 1 pl. (Preprint, published edition of this paper is numbered p. 115-153, 1 pl., see 1862b.)

Hall, J., 1862b, Preliminary notice of some of the species of Crinoidea known in the Upper Helderberg and Hamilton groups of New York: Fifthteenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 116, April 12, 1862, C. van Benthuysen, Albany, p. 115-153, 1 pl.

Hall, J., 1862c, Paleontology of Wisconsin; remarks upon the condition of the fossils in the rocks of several formations; catalgue of fossils known in the Paleozoic formations of Wisconsin, with observations upon some of the known species and descriptions of several new forms, p. 425-442. In Hall, J., and Whitney, J. D., Report of the Geological Survey of the States of Wisconsin, v. 1, p. 1-455.

Hall, J., 1863a, Notice of some new species of fossil from a locality of the Niagara Group, in Indiana; with a list of identified species from the same place, p. 1-34. (Note, a copy of this separate is in the Springer Room, United States National Museum and the New York State Geological Survey.)

Hall, J., 1863b, Preliminary notice, of some species of Crinoidea from the Waverly Sandstone series of Summit Co., Ohio, supposed to be of the age of the Chemung Group of New York: Preprint of Seventeenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the state of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 189, Albany, Comstock and Cassiday Printers, p. 50-60. (See Hall, 1864a, and Hall and Whitfield, 1875)

Hall, J., 1864a, Preliminary notice, of some species of Crinoidea from the Waverly Sandstone series of Summit Co., Ohio, supposed to be of the age of the Chemung Group of New York: Seventeenth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 189, Albany, Comstock and Cassiday Printers, p. 50-60. (Note, title page indicates original publication was November 11, 1863; see Hall and Whitfield, 1875)

Hall, J., 1864b, Art. XII. Notice of some new species of fossils from a locality of the Niagara Group, in Indiana; with a list of identified species from the same place: Transactions of the Albany Institute, (1863), v. 4, p. 195-228. (Note, a separate in the Springer Room, United States National Museum, indicates that the preprint of this paper was published May 2, 1863.) (Sometimes listed as 1858-1864.)

Hall, J., 1864c, XIX. Account of some new or little known species of fossils from rocks of the age of the Niagara Group, p. 305-410, pl. 20-23. (Preprint of Hall, 1867b)

Hall, J., 1865a, Descriptions of new or little-known species of fossils from rocks of the age of the Niagara Group: New York State Cabinet of Natural History, 18th Report, advance publication, p. 305-401, 15 pl. (unseen)

Hall, J., 1865b, On the occurrence of an internal convoluted plate within the body of certain species of Crinoidea: Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, v. 10, p. 33-34. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1866, Descriptions of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils from the Lower Silurian strata of the age of the Hudson-River Group and Trenton Limestone: Albany, 17 p. (Note, preprint of Hall, 1872b.)

Hall, J., 1867a, Descriptions of some new species of Crinoidea, and other fossils from the lower Silurian strata principally of the age of the Hudson-?River Group (a note on it only): Twentyth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 239, April 15, 1867, Albany, C. van Benthuysen and Sons Printing House, p. 304.

Hall, J., 1867b, Account of some new or little known species of fossils from rocks of the age of the Niagara Group. Twentyth Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto, State of New York in Senate Document 239, April 15, 1867, Albany, C. van Benthuysen and Sons Printing House, p. 305-410, pl. 10-23(1-14).

Hall, J., 1867c, On the occurrence of an internal convoluted plate within the body of certain species of Crinoidea: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 3, v. 17, p. 398-399. (nonsystematic)

Hall, J., 1868, Descriptions of new or little-known species of fossils from rocks of the age of the Niagara Group: New York State Cabinet of Natural History, 18th Report, advance publication, p. 305-401, 15 pl. (Revised edition of 1865a paper)

Hall, J., 1870, Description of new or little known species of fossils from rocks of the age of the Niagara Group: Twentieth Annual Report of the Regents of the University Report on the State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 347-374, pl. 10-11.

Hall, J., 1872a. Description of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils from the Hudson-River Group and Trenton Limestone: Published December, 1866, in advance of the Report of the State Cabinet, Albany, Argus Company, Printers, p. 1-20, pl. 5-8. (Note, another preprint, see Hall, 1872b.)

Hall, J., 1872b, Description of new species of Crinoidea and other fossils from the strata of the age of the Hudson-River Group and Trenton Limestone. Twenty-fourth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, by the Regents of the University of the State of New-York, Argus Company, Albany, State of New York in Senate Document No. 68, transmitted to the Legislature, April 18th, 1871, p. 205-224, pl. 5-8. (Note, a tipin opposite p. 204 reads: "The following paper, from p. 205-224 inclusive, is a republication of species described and published in 1866, except to the first four species of Crinoidea mentioned in the footnote on page 205, which were first published in 1871. All the other species should have been cited as published in 1866, but owing to the absence of the author during the printing, they are erroneously indicated as n. sp. in the present publication.")

Hall, 1872c, Description of new species of crinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of the Mississippi Valley, p. 261-328, pl. 1-7 (private publication).

Hall, J., 1877, The fauna of the Niagara group in central Indiana: 28th Annual Report New York State Museum, Doc. ed., 1877, Mus. ed., 1879, p. 99-203, pl. 13.

Hall, J., 1879a, The fauna of the Niagara Group, in central Indiana: Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, by the Regents of the University of the State of New York [State Museum Edition], State of New York. [Document] No. 71, in Senate, March 10, 1875, Albany, Weed, Parsons and Compary Printers, p. 99-199, pl. 35-37.

Hall, J., 1879b, Notice of some remarkable crinoidal forms from the Lower Helderberg Group: Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History, by the Regents of the University of the State of New York [State Museum Edition], State of New York. [Document] No. 71, in Senate, March 10, 1875, Albany, Weed, Parsons and Compary Printers, p. 205-210, pl. 35-37.

Hall, J., 1879c, Prelimary notice of new species of fossils from the Niagara Formation at Waldron Indiana. (see 1882a)

Hall, J., 1880, Notice of some new and remarkable forms of Crinoidea from the lower Helderberg Group of New York and Tennessee: Extract from the Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History of the State of New York, State Museum Edition, 1879, Albany, Weed, Parsons and Company Printers, p. 1-8, pl. 35-37.

Hall, J., ?1881, Descriptions of the species of fossils found in the Niagara Group at Waldron, Indiana: Eleventh Annual Report of the State Geology [Indiana]; p. 217-220, 253-282, pl. 12-22, 36. (Note, date of publication of separate in question.)

Hall, J., 1882a, Descriptions of new species of fossil from the Niagara Formation at Waldron, Indiana: Transactions of the Albany Institute, v. 10, p. 57-76. (Note, preliminary publication 1879.)

Hall, J., 1882b, Descriptions of the species of fossil found in the Niagara Group at Waldron, Indiana: Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History, 11th Annual Report, p. 217-345, 36 pl.

Hall, J., and Whitfield, R. P., 1875a, Descriptions of invertebrate fossils, mainly from the Silurian System, Fossils of the Niagara Group: Ohio Geological Survey, Report, v. 2, Geology and Palaeontology, pt. 2, Palaeontology, sec. 1, p. 65-157, pl. 6-9. Another edition published in German.

Hall, J., and Whitfield, R. P., 1875b, Descriptions of invertebrate fossils, mainly from the Silurian System, crinoids of the Genesee Slate and Chemung Group: Ohio Geological Survey, Report, v. 2, Geology and Palaeontology, pt. 2, Palaeontology, p. 158-161, pl. 13. (Another edition published in German.)

Hall, J., and Whitfield, R. P., 1875c, Descriptions of invertebrate fossils, mainly from the Silurian System, Crinoidea of the Waverly Group: Ohio Geological Survey, Report, v. 2, Geology and Palaeontology, pt. 2, Palaeontology, p. 162-179, pl. 11-12. (Another edition published in German.)

Halleck, M. S., 1973, Crinoids, hardgrounds, and community succession: The Silurian Laurel-Waldron contact in southern Indiana: Lethaia, v. 6, p. 239-252.

Hamann, O., 1889, Anatomie der Ophiuren und Crinoiden: Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaften, Jena, n. s., v. 16, p. 331-388.

Hansman, R. H., and Scott, H. W., 1967, Catalog of Worthen type and figured specimens at the University of Illinois: Journal of Paleontology, v. 41, p. 1013-1028. (nonsystematic)

 

Harbaugh, J. W., 1957, Mississippian bioherms in northeast Oklahoma: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 41, p. 2530-2544.

Harland, T. L., 1981, Middle Ordovician reefs of Norway: Lethaia, v. 14, p. 169-188.

Harmon, W. L., 1978, Notification of repository for Kopf Collection, Paleozoic echinoderm type specimens: Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 206-208. (nonsystematic)

Harper, D.A.T., Owen, A. W., and Doyle, E. N., 1996, 2. Life in the Late Ordovician seas, p. 8-17. In Harper, D.A.T. and Owen, A. W., eds, Fossils of the Upper Ordovician: The Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils: no. 7, 312 p.

Harvey, E. W., and Ausich, W. I., 1997, Phylogeny of calceocrinid crinoids (Paleozoic: Echinodermata): biogeography and mosaic evolution: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 299-305.

Hashim, A.S.H., 1985, Discovery of an ammonoid (Agathiceras sp.) and crinoid stems in the Kenny Hill Formation of peninsular Malaysia, and its significance: Warta Geology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 205-212.

Hashimoto, K., 1984, Preliminary study of Carboniferous crinoid calyces from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, southwest Japan: Bulletin of the Yamaguchi Prefectural Yamaguchi Museum, v. 10, p. 1-53, 11 pl.

Hashimoto, K., 1995, Akiyoshicrinus, a new erisocrinid crinoid genus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, southwest Japan (Crinoid studies of Akiyoshi - 1): Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History, v. 30, p. 1-14, 4 pl.

Hatai, K., 1952, An interesting fossil from Hokkaido: Tohoku University, Institute Geology Paleontology, Sendai Short Paper, v. 4, p. 65-67.

Hattin, D. E., 1958, Regeneration in a Pennsylvanian crinoid spine: Journal of Paleontology, v. 32, p. 701-702, pl. 98.

Haude, R., 1972, Bau and Funktion der Scyphocrinites-Lobolithen: Lethaia, v. 5, p. 95-125.

Haude, R., 1981, Mechanik, Morphogenese und Palökologische bedeutung der “Pelmatozoen”-Stiele. Paläontologische Kursbücher, v. 1: Funktionsmorphologie. W.-E. Rief, ed: Paläontologische Gesellschaft (Selbstverlag) München, p. 187-203.

Haude, R. In Jahnke, H., and Shi, Y., 1989, The Silurian-Devonian boundary strata and the Early Devonian of the Shidian-Baoshan area (W. Yunnan, China): Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 110, p. 137-193, 5 pl.

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Hedinger, A. S., 1989, Allstones Creek reef (Frasnian), Alberta. In Geldsetzer, H.H.J., James, N. P., and Tebbutt, G. E., eds, Reefs, Canada and adjacent area: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 13, p. 454-456.

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Hemming, R., Cox, L. R., Wanner, J., Mortensen, Th., Gislen, T. and Moore, R.C., 1953, IZCN Case 36, article 25: Proposed insertion of a provision that certain classes of generic names published for fossil species and bearing the termination -ites,-ytes or-ithes posses no status in zoological, nomenclature: Bulletin Zoological Nomenclature, v. 10, p. 360-373.

  Hemming, Document 36/1 - joint proposal

  Cox " 36/2 - ites, -ytes, -ithes

  Wanner " 36/3 - crinites vs -crinus

  Mortensen " 36/4 - support Wanner

  Gislen " 36/5 - support Wanner

  Moore " 36/6 - objects

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Horowitz, A. S., and Waters, J. A., 1972, A Mississippian echinoderm site in Alabama: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 660-665.

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Hsu, I-W. - see Xu

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Hudson, G. H., 1907, On some Pelmatozoa from the Chazy Limestone of New York. New York State Museum Bulletin v. 107, Geology Papers, p. 97-127, 10 pl.

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Huyen, D. C. - see Khuyen

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Jaekel, O., 1895a, Beiträge zur Kenntniss der palaeozoischen Crinoiden Deutschlands: Paläontologisches Abhandlungen v. 7, (n.f. 3), p. 1-116, pl. 1-10.

Jaekel, O., 1895b, [Referat ueber] F. A. Bather: The Crinoidea of Gotland. Part I: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie 1895, v. 2, p. 371-374. (nonsystematic)

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Jakovlev, N. N. = Yakovlev, N. N.

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Kammer, T. W., 1984, Crinoids from the New Providence Shale Member of the Borden Formation (Mississippian) in Kentucky and Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 115-130.

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Kammer, T. W. and Ausich, W. I., 1987, Aerosol suspension feeding and current velocities: distributional controls for late Osagean crinoids: Paleobiology, v. 13, p. 379-395.

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Kammer, T. W., and Ausich, W. I., 1993, Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: intermediate-grade calyces: Journal of Paleontology, v. 67, p. 614-639.

 

Kammer, T. W., and Ausich, W. I., 1994, Advanced cladid crinoids from the Middle Mississippian of the east-central United States: advanced-grade calyces: Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, p. 339-351.

Kammer, T. W., and Ausich. W. I., 1996, Primitive cladid crinoids from upper Osagean-lower Meramecian (Mississippian) rocks of east-central United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 70, p. 835-866.

Kammer, T. W., Ausich, W. I., and Lane, N. G., 1983, Paleontology and stratigraphy of the Borden Delta of southern Indiana and northern Kentucky (Field Trip 2). In Shaver, R. H., and Sunderman, J. A., eds, Field trips in Midwestern geology, v. 1: Indiana Geological Survey, p. 37-71.

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Kelly, S. M., Frest, T. J., and Strimple, H. L., 1978, Additional information on Simplococrinus persculptus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 1227-1232, 1 pl.

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Kesling, R. V., 1964c, Two new crinoids of the family Periechocrinitidae from the Middle Devonian Thunder Bay Limestone of Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 19, p. 143-155.

Kesling, R. V., 1965a, Primibrachials and arms of Alloprosallocrinus conicus Casseday and Lyon, a Lower Mississippian camerate crinoid: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 19, p. 257-263, 2 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1965b, Nature and occurrence of Gennaeocrinus goldringae Ehlers: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 19, p. 265-280, 5 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1965c, Proctothylacocrinus esseri, a new crinoid from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation of northwestern Ohio: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 20, p. 75-87, 5 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1966, Botryocrinus niemani, a new crinoid from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation of Ohio: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 20, p. 271-276, 1 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1968a, Gennaeocrinus chilmanae, a new crinoid from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation in southeastern Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 127-131, pl. 1.

Kesling, R. V., 1968b, Note on ontogeny of the Middle Devonian crinoid Proctothylacocrinus esseri Kesling: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 133-138, pl. 1-2.

Kesling, R. V., 1968c, Ameliacrinus benderi, a new dicyclic camerate crinoid from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation in northwestern Ohio: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 155-162, pl. 1-3.

Kesling, R. V., 1968d, Logocrinus conicus, a simple new Middle Devonian inadunate crinoid from Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 163-167, pl. 1.

Kesling, R. V., 1969a, Two new crinoids from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 199-206, 2 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1969b, Growth patterns in Proctothylacocrinus longus Kier: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 323-322.

Kesling, R. V., 1971a, Arms of Decadocrinus hughwingi Kesling: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 193-199, 3 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1971b, Dolatocrinus kutasii, a new crinoid from the Middle Devonian Bell Shale of Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 201-211, 5 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1971c, Two new crinoids for the family Scytalocrinidae from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation of northwestern Ohio: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 283-289, 1 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1971d, Proctothylacocrinus berryorum, a new crinoid from the Middle Devonian Arkona Shale of Ontario: University of Michigan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 343-347, 2 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1972, A new species of Porocrinus from the Middle Ordovician Kimmswick Limestone of Missouri: University of Michigan Contributions form Museum of Paleontology, v. 24, p. 1-7, 2 pl.

Kesling, R. V., 1973, New Botryocrinus and Glossocrinus from the Middle Devonian Bell Shale of Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 24, p. 31-46, 8 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Chilman, R. B., 1975, Strata and mega-fossils of the Middle Devonian Silica Formation: University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology, v. 8, p. 1-408, 141 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Meyer, D. L., 1963, The crinoid Opsiocrinus Kier in the Bell Shale of Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, v. 18, p. 177-184, 1 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Mintz, L. W., 1963a, Species of the crinoid Dolatocrinus from the Middle Devonian Dock Street Clay of Michigan. University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 18, p. 67-100, 7 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Mintz, L. W., 1963b, Dolatocrinus and Stereocrinus, its junior synonym: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 18, p. 229-237, 2 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Paul, C.R.C., 1968, New species of Porocrinidae and brief remarks upon these unusual crinoids: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 1-32, 8 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Paul, C.R.C., 1971, Agostocrinus and Acolocrinus, two new Ordovician crinoids with peculiary and respiratory structures: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 221-237, 7 pl.

Kesling, R. V., Sbdul-Razzaq, S., Devore, C., and Lattanzi, R., 1973, Growth in two populations of the crinoid Eucalyptocrinites crassus: University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology Papers on Paleontology, v. 6, 50 p.

Kesling, R. V., Segall, R. T., and Sorensen, H. O., 1974, Devonian strata of Emmet and Charlevoix Counties, Michigan: University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology Papers on Paleontology, v. 7, 187 p.

Kesling, R.V., and Sigler, J.P., 1969, Cunctocrinus, a new Middle Devonian calceocrinid crinoid from the Silica Shale of Ohio: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 339-360, 1 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Smith, R. N., 1962, Gennaeocrinus variabilis, a new species of crinoid from the Middle Devonian Bell Shale of Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 17, p. 173-194, 9 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Smith, R. N., 1963, The crinoid Synbathocrinus in the Middle Devonian Traverse Group of Michigan: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 18, p. 185-196, 1 pl.

Kesling, R. V., and Strimple, H. L., 1971, Eutaxocrinus wideneri, a new flexible crinoid from the Middle Devonian Silica Formation of northwestern Ohio: University of Michigan Contributions from Museum of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 291-303, 6 pl.

Kettner, R., and Prantl. F., 1942, O novém nalezisti zkamenelin v. bridlicích moravskeho devonu u Vratíkova, sv od Boskovic [On a new fossil locality in the shales of the Moravian Devonian near Vratíkov, NE of Boskovic]: Vestník Královské Ceské Spolecnosti Nauk. Trída Matematicko-Prírodovedecká, p. 1-18, 1 pl. (In Czech)

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Keyes, C. R., 1891, Remarks on the perisomic plates of the crinoids: American Journal of Science, v. 41, p. 247-248. (nonsystematic)

Keyes, C. R., 1892, The Platyceras group of Palaeozoic gastropods: American Geologist, v. 10, p. 273-277.

Keyes, C. R., 1894a, Paleontology of Missouri, part I: Missouri Geological Survey, v. 4, p. 143-225, pl. 19-31.

Keyes, C. R., 1894b, A bibliography of North American Palaeontology, 1888-1892: U. S. Geological Survey, Bulletin v. 121, 251 p. (nonsystematic, literature source)

Keyes, C. R., 1922, World's scarcest crinoids: Pan-American Geologist, v. 7, p. 76-78. (nonsystematic)

Keyes, C. R., 1925a, Iowa and its wealth of crinoids: Pan-American Geologist, v. 43, p. 237-238.

Keyes, C. R., 1925b, Basis of species: Pan-American Geologist, v. 43, p. 239-240.

Keyes, C. R., 1927, Springer of the crinoids: Pan-American Geologist, v. 48, p. 221-234, pl. 33-34. (nonsystematic)

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Kirk, E., 1911, The structure and relationships of certain eleutherozoic pelmatozoa: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 41, p. 1-137, 11 pl.

Kirk, E., 1913, Crinoid description. In Clarke, J. M., Fosseis Devonianos do Parana: Monograph Servico Geologico e Mineralogico do Brasil, v. 1, p. 79, 312-318.

Kirk, E., 1914, Notes on the fossil crinoid genus Homocrinus Hall: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 46, p. 473-483, pl. 42.

Kirk, E., 1929a, The fossil crinoid genus Vasocrinus Lyon: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 74, no. 15, p. 1-16.

Kirk, E., 1929b, Pagecrinus, a new crinoid genus from the American Devonian: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 75, no. 22, p. 1-4, pl. 1.

Kirk, E., 1929c, Cryphiocrinus, a new genus of free-swimming crinoids: American Journal of Science, v. 17, p. 153-161, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1929d, The status of the genus Mariacrinus Hall: American Journal of Science, v. 18, p. 337-346.

Kirk, E., 1930, Trophocrinus, a new Carboniferous crinoid genus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 20, p. 210-212.

Kirk, E., 1933, Syndetocrinus, a new genus from the Silurian of Canada: American Journal of Science, v. 26, p. 344-354, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1934, Corynecrinus, a new Devonian crinoid genus: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 83, no. 2972, p. 1-7, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1936, A new Allagecrinus from Oklahoma: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 26, p. 162-165.

Kirk, E., 1937a, Clistocrinus, a new Carboniferous crinoid genus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 27, p. 105-111.

Kirk, E., 1937b, Clithrocrinus, a new name for Clistocrinus Kirk: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 27, p. 373-374.

Kirk, E., 1937c, Eupachycrinus and related Carboniferous crinoid genera: Journal of Paleontology,v. 11, p. 598-607, pl. 84.

Kirk, E., 1938, Five new genera of Carboniferous Crinoidea Inadunata: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 28, p. 158-172.

Kirk, E., 1939, Two new genera of Carboniferous Inadunate crinoids: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 29, p. 469-473.

Kirk, E., 1940a, Cestocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 88, no. 3080, p. 221-224, pl. 31.

Kirk, E., 1940b, Anartiocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Mississippian: American Journal of Science, v. 238, p. 47-55, pl. 1.

Kirk, E., 1940c, Seven new genera of Carboniferous Crinoidea Inadunata: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 30, p. 321-334.

Kirk, E., 1940d, Lebetocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Upper Borden of Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 14, p. 74-77, pl. 11.

Kirk, E., 1940e, A redescription of Lageniocrinus de Koninck: American Journal of Science, v. 238, p. 129-139.

Kirk, E., 1941a, Dinotocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 89, no. 3103, p. 513-517, pl. 63.

Kirk, E., 1941b, Four new genera of Mississippian Crinoidea Inadunata: Journal of Paleontology, v. 15, p. 81-88, pl. 17-18.

Kirk, E., 1942a, Sarocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Lower Mississippian: Journal of Paleontology, v. 16, p. 382-386, pl. 58.

Kirk, E., 1942b, Rhopocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 92, no. 3144, p. 151-155, pl. 16.

Kirk, E., 1942c, Ampelocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Upper Mississippian: American Journal of Science, v. 240, p. 22-28, 2 pl.

Kirk, E., 1943a, A revision of the genus Steganocrinus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 33, p. 259-265.

Kirk, E., 1943b, Zygotocrinus, a new fossil inadunate crinoid genus: American Journal of Science, v. 241, p. 640-646, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1943c, Identification of Actinocrinus chloris Hall: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 33, p. 346-347.

Kirk,, E., 1944a, Cribanocrinus, a new rhodocrinoid genus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 34, p. 13-16.

Kirk, E., 1944b, Cytidocrinus, a new name for Cyrtocrinus Kirk: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 34, p. 85.

Kirk, E., 1944c, Aphelecrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Upper Mississippian: American Journal of Science, v. 242, p. 190-203, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1944d, Cymbiocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Upper Mississippian: American Journal of Science, v. 242, p. 233-245, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1944e, Thyridocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Silurian: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 34, p. 388-390.

Kirk, E., 1945a, Four new genera of camerate crinoids from the Devonian: American Journal of Science, v. 243, p. 341-345, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1945b, Gaulocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Mississippian: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 35, p. 180-182.

Kirk, E., 1945c, Holcocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Lower Mississippian: American Journal of Science, v. 243, p. 517-521.

Kirk, E., 1946a, Stiptocrinus, a new camerate crinoid genus from the Silurian: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 36, p. 33-36.

Kirk, E., 1946b, A new species of Dolatocrinus from the Traverse (Middle Devonian) of Michigan: Journal of Paleontology, v. 20, p. 267-268.

Kirk, E., 1946c, Corythocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Lower Mississippian: Journal of Paleontology, v. 20, p. 269-274, pl. 40.

Kirk, E., 1946d, Plemnocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Lower Misissippian: Journal of Paleontology, v. 20, p. 435-441, pl. 65-66.

Kirk, E., 1946e, Redefinition of Actinocrinus parvus Shumard: American Journal of Science, v. 244, p. 658-660.

Kirk, E., 1947, Three new genera of inadunate crinoids from the Lower Mississippian: American Journal of Science, v. 245, p. 287-303, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1948, Two new inadunate crinoid genera from the Middle Devonian: American Journal of Science, v. 246, p. 701-710, 1 pl.

Kirk, E., 1955, Publications by Shumard and McChesney concerning crinoids and other fossils: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata, Article 2, p. 1-4.

Kite, J. S., and Kammer, T. W., 1988, Occurrence of the crinoid Rhodocrinites nortoni (Goldring) from the Lower Devonian Seboomook Formation in the Telos Lake area, north-central Maine: Studies in Maine Geology, Maine Geological Survey, v. 1, p. 101-108.

Klages, O., 1955, Untersilurische Beutelstrahler aus dem norddeutschen Diluvialgeschiebe: Aufschluss, 5 Jg, v. 8, p. 82.

Klähn, H., 1929, Die Bedeutung der Seelilien und Seesterne für die Erkennung von Wasserbewegung nach Richtung und Stärke: Palaeonbiologica, v. 2, p. 287-302, pl. 26-34.

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Le Goarant de Tromelin - see Tromelin

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Marr, J. E., 1913, The lower Paleozoic rocks of the Cautley District: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 69, p. 1-17. (list only, specimen cited; nonsystematic)

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McIntosh, G. C., 1988, Boliviacrinus isaacsoni, a new genus and species of Middle Devonian camerate crinoid from Bolivia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 62, p. 622-626.

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McKee, E. D., 1938, The environment and history of the Toroweap and Kaibab Formations of northern Arizona and southern Utah: Publication of the Carnegie Institution, no. 492, 268 p., 48 pl. (Echinoderms p. 156-157)

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Meek, F. B., 1872b, Preliminary list of the fossils collected by Dr. Hayden's exploring expedition of 1871, in Utah and Wyoming territories, with descriptions of a few new species. In F. V. Hayden, Preliminary report of the U.S. Geological Survey of Montana and portions of adjacent territories, preliminary report (fifth annual) (1871), p. 373-377.

Meek, F. B., 1872c, Report on the paleontology of eastern Nebraska with some remarks on the Carboniferous rocks of that district. In F. V. Hayden, Final report of the U. S. Geological Survey of Nebraska: U. S. 42nd Congress, 1st sess., House Ex. Doc. 19, p. 83-264, pl. 1-11.

Meek, F. B., 1872d, Descriptions of two new starfishes and a crinoid from the Cincinnati group of Ohio and Indiana: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 3, p. 257-262.

Meek, F. B., 1872e, Note on the genus Lichenocrinus: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 3, p. 261-262.

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Meek, F. B., 1874, Notes on some of the fossils figured in the recently issued fifth volume of the Illinois State Geological Report: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 7, p. 189-193, 369-376, 484-488.

Meek, F. B., and Hayden, F. V., 1858, Descriptions of new organic remains collected in Nebraska territory in the year 1857, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, geologist to the exploring expedition under the command of Lieut. G. K. Warren, Top. Engr. U. S. Army, together with some remarks on the geology of the Black Hills and portions of the surrounding country: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 10, p. 41-59.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1860, Descriptions of new species of crinoidea and echinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois, and other western states: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 12, p. 379-397.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1861, Descriptions of new Palaeozoic fossils from Illinois and Iowa: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 13, p. 128-148.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1865a, Remarks on the genus Taxocrinus, (Phillips) McCoy, 1844; and its relations to Forbesiocrinus, de Koninck and Le Hon, 1854, with descriptions of new species: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 17, p. 138-143.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1865b, Descriptions of new species of crinoidea, etc. from the Paleozoic rocks of Illinois and some of the adjoining states: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 17, p. 143-155.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1865c, Descriptions of new crinoidea, etc. from the Carboniferous rocks of Illinois and some of the adjoining states: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 17, p. 155-166.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1865d, Remarks on the Carboniferous and Cretaceous rocks of eastern Kansas and Nebraska: American Journal of Science, ser. 2, v. 39, p. 157-174.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1865e, Note in relation to a genus of crinoids [Erisocrinus] from the Coal Measures of Illinois and Nebraska: American Journal of Science, ser. 2, v. 39, p. 350.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1866a, Descriptions of invertebrates from the Carboniferous system: Illinois Geological Survey, v. 2, pt. 2, p. 143-411, pl. 14-32.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1866b, Contributions to the palaeontology of Illinois and other western states: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1865), v. 17, p. 251-274.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1868a, Notes on some points in the structure and habits of the Palaeozoic crinoidea: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 20, p. 323-334.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1868b, Remarks on some types of Carboniferous crinoidea, with descriptions of new genera and species of the same, and of one echinoid: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 20, p. 335-359.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1868c, Palaeontology of Illinois: Illinois Geological Survey, v. 3, pt. 2, p. 289-565, pl. 1-20.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1869a, Descriptions of new Crinoidea and Echinoidea from the Carboniferous rocks of the western states, with a note on the genus Onychaster: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 21, p. 67-83.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1869b, Notes on some points in the structure and habits of the Palaeozoic Crinoidea: The Canadian Naturalist, n. s., v. 4, p. 434-452.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1870a, Descriptions of new Carboniferous fossils from the western States: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 21, p. 137-172.

Meek, F. B., and Worthen, A. H., 1870b, Descriptions of new species and genera of fossils from Paleozoic rocks of the western states: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 22, p. 22-56.

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Melendez, B., 1947, Tratado de Paleontologia, tomo 2: Madrid, Instituto Lucas Mallada, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, p. 1-710, pl. 1-6, (Crinoids p. 288-318).

Mellado, T. R., 1949 - see Arenal, T. R. M. de G.

Melmore, S., 1945-1946, A catalogue of types and figured specimens in the Geological department of the Yorkshire Museum: North Western Naturalist, v. 20, no. 3/4, p. 207-221 (1945); v. 21, no. 1/2, p. 72-91 (1946); v. 21, no. 3/4, p. 234-245 (1946). (Echinoderms, p. 213-215) (nonsystematic)

Melton, R. A., 1972, Paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the upper Honaker Trail Formation near Moab, Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 19, no. 2, p. 45-88.

Melville, R. V. (Acting Secretary to ICZN), 1974, Opinion 1006. Poteriocrinus hemisphericus Shumard, 1858 (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) designation of a neotype under the plenary powers: Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 30, p. 153-154.

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Meyer, D. L., and Ausich, W. I., 1983, Biotic interactions among Recent and among fossil crinoids, Chapt. 9. In Tavesz, M.J.S., and McCall, P. L., eds, Biotic interactions in recent and fossil benthic communities: Plenum Publishing Corp., p. 337-427.

Meyer, D. L., and Ausich, W. I., 1992, Fort Payne carbonate facies (Mississippian) of south-central Kentucky: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Report no. 4, p. 1-20.

Meyer, D. L., and Ausich, W. I., 1997, Morphologic variaton within and among populations of the camerate crinoid Agaricocrinus (Lower Mississippian, Kentucky and Tennessee): breaking the spell of the mushroom: Journal of Paleontology, v. 71, p. 896-917.

Meyer, D. L., Ausich, W. I., Bohl, D. T., Norris, W. A., and Potter, P. E., 1995, Carbonate mud-mounds in the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Carboniferous), Cumberland Saddle region, Kentucky and Tennessee, USA.: Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentology, v. 23, p. 273-287. (nonsystematic)

Meyer, D. L., Ausich, W. I., and Terry, R. E., 1990, Comparative taphonomy of echinoderms in carbonate facies: Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian) of Kentucky and Tennessee: Palaios, (1989), v. 4, p. 533-552.

Meyer, D. L., and Lane, G., N., 1976, The feeding behavior of some Paleozoic crinoids and recent basketstars: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 472-480, 1 pl.

Meyer, H. L. F., 1914, Carbonfaunen aus Bolivia und Peru. In Beitrage zur Geologie und Palaeontologie von Sud amerika . . . herausgegeben von G. Steinmann: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Beitrage, v. 37, p. 590-652, pl. 13-14.

Meyer, H. von, 1836, Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, 1836, p. 55-61. (nonsystematic)

Meyer, H. von, 1847, Mittheilungen an Professor Bronn gerichtet: Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde, 1847, p. 572-580. (nonsystematic)

Meyer, H. von, 1858, Crinoideen aus dem Posidonomyen-Schiefer Deutschlands: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, 1858, p. 59-62. (nonsystematic)

Meyer, H. von, 1860, Crinoideen aus dem Posidonomyen-Schiefer Deutschlands: Palaeontographica, v. 7, no. 2, p. 110-122, pl. 14-15.

Meyers, W. J., 1977, Chertification in the Mississippian Lake Valley Formation, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico: Sedimentology, v. 24, p. 75-105.

Miannil, R. M., 1959, Novye predstaviteli poda Hoplocrinus iz srednego ordovika Estonii [New representatives of the genus Hoplocrinus from the Middle Ordovician of Estonia]: Uchenyy zapiski Tartusskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, v. 75, p. 82-97, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Milicina, V. S., 1970, Nekotore Krinoidei iz Mramorov i Izvestnyakov Nizhnego i Srednego Devona Yuzhnogo i Srednego Urala [Some crinoids from marble and limestone of Early and Middle Devonian age, southern and central Urals]. In Materiali po Paleontologii Urala [Materials on Paleontology of the Urals]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sverdlovsk, Izdatelstvo Uralskii Filial, p. 96-105, pl. 28-29. (In Russian)

Milicina, V. S., 1973, O morskikh liliyakh silura i nizhnego devona zapadnogo i vostochnogo sklonov severnogo i srednego urala [On crinoids from the Silurian and Lower Devonian of the western and eastern slopes of the northern and central Urals]. In Khodalevch, A. N., ed, Fauna i biostratigrafiya srednego i verkhnego paleozoya urala [Fauna and biostratigraphy of the middle and upper Paleozoic of the Urals]: Trudy Sverdlovskogo Ordena Turdovogo Krasnogo Znameni Gornogo Instituta, v. 93, p. 3-26, pl. 1-4. (In Russian)

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Milicina, V. S., 1979, O kupressocrinitidakh v devone severnogo i srednego urals [On cupressocrinids from the Devonian of the northern and central Urals]: Materials of the IV All Union Colloquium on Echioderms, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Tbilisi, p. 147-150. (In Russian)

Milicina, V. S., 1980, Tsistoidei i krinoid i ordovika i silura Urala [Cystoids and crinoids from the Ordovician and Silurian of the Urals]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 23, p. 198-215, 3 pl. (In Russian)

Milicina, V. S., 1985, Rannesiluriiskie krinoidei poluostrova E. Khatanzeya Novoi Zemli [Lower Silurian crinoidea of the E. Chatanzea peninsula of Nova Zemlya] In Bondarev, V. I., ed, Stratigrafiya i fauna paleozoya Novoi Zemli [Stratigraphy and fauna of the Paleozoic of Nova Zemlya]: Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR, PGO "Sevmorgeologiya", Leningrad, p. 43-58, 3 pl. (In Russian)

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Miller, J. S., 1821, A natural history of the Crinoidea, or lily-shaped animals; with observations on the genera, Asteria, Euryale, Comatula and Marsupites: Bristol, England, Bryan & Co. 150 p., numerous unnumbered plates.

Miller, S. A., 1874a, The column of Heterocrinus heterodactylus: Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 1, no. 1, p. 2-3.

Miller, S. A., 1874b, Lichenocrinus tuberculatus: Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 1, no. 4, p. 346-347.

Miller, S. A., 1874c, Glyptocrinus fornshelli: Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 1, no. 4, p. 348-351.

Miller, S. A., 1875a, Glyptocrinus shaffer: Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 2, no. 3, p. 277-279.

Miller, S. A., 1875b, Heterocrinus isodactylus: Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 2, no. 3, p. 279.

Miller, S. A., 1875c, The square crinoid column: Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 2, no. 4, p. 378-379.

Miller, S. A., 1877, The American Palaeozoic fossils: a catalogue of the genera and species, with names of authors, dates, places of publication, groups of books in which found, and the etymology and signification of the words, and an introduction devoted to the stratigraphical geology of the Palaeozoic rocks: Cincinnati, Ohio, the author, 245 p. Echinodermata, p. 65-92.

Miller, S. A., 1878, Description of a new genus and eleven new species of fossils: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 1, no. 2, p. 100-108, pl. 3.

Miller, S. A., 1879a, Remarks upon the Kaskaskia group, and descriptions of new species of fossils from Pulaski County, Kentucky: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 2, no. 1, p. 31-42, pl. 8.

Miller, S. A., 1879b, Description of twelve new fossil species, and remarks upon others: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 2, no. 2, p. 104-118, pl. 9-10.

Miller, S. A., 1880a, Description of two new species from the Niagara group and five from the Keokuk group: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 2, no. 4, p. 254-259, pl. 15.

Miller, S. A., 1880b, Description of four new species of Silurian fossils: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 3, no. 2, p. 140-144, pl. 4.

Miller, S. A., 1880c, Decription of four new species and a new variety of Silurian fossils, and remarks upon others: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 3, no. 3, p. 232-236, pl. 7.

Miller, S. A., 1881a, Description of some new and remarkable crinoids and some other fossils of the Hudson River Group and notice of Strotocrinus bloomfieldensis: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 4, no. 1, p. 69-77, pl. 1.

Miller, S. A., 1881b, New species of fossils and remarks upon others from the Niagara group of Illinois: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 4, no. 2, p. 166-176, pl. 4-5.

Miller, S. A., 1881c, Description of new species of fossils: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 4, no. 3, p. 259-262, pl. 6.

Miller, S. A., 1881d, Subcarboniferous fossils from the Lake Valley Mining District of New Mexico, with descriptions of new species: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 4, no. 4, p. 306-315, pl. 7.

Miller, S. A., 1881e, Description of new species of fossils from the Hudson River Group, and remarks upon others: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 4, no. 4, p. 316-319, pl. 7-8.

Miller, S. A., 1882a, Description of two new genera and eight new species of fossils from the Hudson River Group, with remarks upon others: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 5, no. 1, p. 34-43, pl. 1-2.

Miller, S. A., 1882b, Description of ten new species of fossils: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 5, no. 2, p. 79-88, pl. 3-4.

Miller, S. A., 1882c, Description of three new species and remarks upon others: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 5, no. 3, p. 116-117, pl. 5.

Miller, S. A., 1882d, Description of three new orders and four new families, in the class Echinodermata, and eight new species from the Silurian and Devonian formations: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 5, no. 4, p. 221-229, pl. 9.

Miller, S. A., 1883a, The American Palaeozoic fossils: a catalogue of the genera and species, with names of authors, dates, places of publication, groups of books in which found, and the etymology and signifcation of the words, and an introduction devoted to the stratigraphical geology of the Palaeozoic rocks: 2nd ed., Cincinnati, Ohio, the author. Echinodermata, p. 247-334.

Miller, S. A., 1883b, Glyptocrinus redefined and restricted, Gaurocrinus, Pycnocrinus and Compsocrinus established, and two new species described: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 6, no. 4, p. 217-234, pl. 11.

Miller, S. A., 1883c, Response to the remarks of Messrs. Wachsmuth and Springer on the genera Glyptocrinus and Reteocrinus: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 26, w.v. 126, p. 105-113.

Miller, S. A., 1884, Description of a beautiful starfish and other fossils: Journal of the Cincinnati Society Natural History, v. 7, no. 1, p. 16-20.

Miller, S. A., 1888, A new genus of crinoids from the Niagara group: American Geologist, v. 1, p. 263-264.

Miller, S. A., 1889, North American geology and paleontology: Cincinnati, Western Methodist Book Concern, 664 p., 1194 figs.

Miller, S. A., 1890, The structure, classification and arrangement of American Palaeozoic crinoids into families: American Geologist, v. 6, p. 275-286, 340-357.

Miller, S. A., 1891a, The structure, classification and arrangement of American Palaeozoic crinoids into families: Indiana Department of Geology and Natural History, 16th Annual Report (for 1888; 1889), p. 302-326.

Miller, S. A., 1891b, A description of some Lower Carboniferous crinoids: Geological Survey of Missouri, Bulletin, v. 4, p. 1-40, pl. 1-5.

Miller, S. A., 1891c, Palaeontology: Advance sheets, Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, 17th Annual Report, p. 1-103, pl. 1-20.

Miller, S. A., 1892a, North American geology and paleontology, first appendix: Cincinnati, Western Methodist Book Concern, p. 665-718, figs. 1195-1265. (see Miller, S. A., 1889)

Miller, S. A., 1892b, Palaeontology: Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, 17th Annual Report (1891), p. 611-705, pl. 1-20. (Advance publication, 1891c).

Miller, S. A., 1892c, Palaeontology: Advance sheets, Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, 18th Annual Report, p. 1-79, pl. 1-12.

Miller, S. A., 1894, Palaeontology: Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, 18th Annual Report (1893), p. 257-356, pl. 1-12. (Advance copy, 1892c).

Miller, S. A., 1897, Second appendix to North American geology and palaeontology, p. 719-793. (See Miller, S. A., 1889)

Miller, S. A., 1898, Description of crinoid. In Greene, G. K., Contribution to Indiana Palaeontology, , no. 1, p. 1-10, pl.1-3.

Miller S. A., and Dyer, C. B., 1878a, Contributions to palaeontology: Cincinnati, Ohio, privately published, v. 2, p. 1-11, pl. 1-2,.

Miller S. A., and Dyer, C. B., 1878b, Contributions to palaeontology (descriptions of Cincinnatian and Niagaran fossils): Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 1, p. 24-39, pl. 3-4.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1890a, Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa: Journal Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-25, pl. 1-4.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1890b, Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. 59 p, 10 pl. [Note, p. 3-25 reprinted from the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 13, 1890. The whole, published as a brochure, to be obtained from Gurley at Danville, Illinois]

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1891, Description of some new genera and species of Echinodermata from the Coal Measures and Subcarboniferous rocks of Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa: Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, 16th Annual Report, p. 327-373, pl. 1-10. (See Miller, S. A. and Gurley, W.F.E., 1890a and 1890b)

 

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1893, Description of some new species of invertebrates from the Palaeozoic rocks of Illinois and adjacent states: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 3, p. 1-81, 8 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1894a, Upper Devonian and Niagara crinoids: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 4, p. 1-37, 3 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1894b, New genera and species of Echinodermata: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 5, p. 1-53, 5 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1895a, Description of new species of Palaeozoic Echinodermata: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 6, p. 1-62, 5 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1895b, New and interesting species of Palaeozoic fossils: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 7, p. 1-89, 5 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1896a, Description of new and remarkable fossils from the Palaeozoic rocks of the Mississippi Valley: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 8, p. 1-65, 5 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1896b, New species of crinoids from Illinois and other states: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 9, p. 1-66, 5 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1896c, New species of Echinodermata and a new crustacean from the Palaeozoic rocks: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 10, p. 1-91, 5 pl.

Miller, S. A., and Gurley, W.F.E., 1897, New species of crinoids, cephalopods, and other Palaeozoic fossils: Illinois State Museum, Bulletin 12, p. 1-69, 5 pl.

Minato, M., 1951, On the Lower Carboniferous fossils of the Kitakami Massif, NE Honsyu, Japan: Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, ser. 4, v. 7, p. 355-382.

Minato, M., Hunahashi, M., Watanabe, J., and Kato, M., eds, 1979, The Abean Orogeny: Tokai University Press, 427 p., 92 pl. (Crinoids, p. 62, 74-77, pl. 8-9, 18-20)

Minato, M., Kato, M., Minoura, N., and Yokoyama, H., 1982, On the systematic position of Ohnopora: Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, v. 88, p. 773-774. (in Japanese)

Minato, M., and Minoura, N., 1977, A new tabulate coral from the Lower Devonian of Japan: Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, ser. 4, v. 17, p. 555-573, 8 pl.

Minoura, N., 1987, Lower Devonian crinoid Pernerocrinus from the southern Kitakami Mountains, N.E. Japan: Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, ser. 4, v. 22, p. 337-355, 3 pl.

Mironova, M. G., and Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1978, Symbiotic relations between Paleozoic platycerids (Gastropoda) and crinoids [O simbioticheskikh svazyakh paleozoyskikh platitseratid (gastropody) i krinoidey]: Vestnik, Leningrad University Geology, Geography, no. 18, pt. 3, p. 22-27. (In Russian)

Mittmeyer, H. G., 1980, Vorläufige Gesamtliste der Hunsrückschiefer-Fossilien. In Stürmer, W., Schaarschmidt, F., and Mittmeyer, H. G., eds, Versteinertes Leben im Röntgenlicht: , Frankfurt/M, Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe, v. 11, p. 34-39. (nonsystematic)

Modzalevskaya, E. A., 1967, Biostratigraphic subdivision of the Devonian in the Far East and Transbaikal region, USSR. In Oswald, D. H., ed, International symposium of the Devonian System: Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists, p. 543-556, 6 pl.

Moodie, R. L., 1917, The geological succession of life in Kentucky in The paleontology of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 6, v. 36, p. 3-43.

Moodie, R. L., 1918, On the parasitism of Carboniferous crinoids: Journal of Parasitology, v. 4, p. 174-176. (nonsystematic)

Moodie, R. L., 1967, General considerations of the evidence of pathological conditions found among fossil animals, p. 31-46. In Brothwell, D., and Sandison, A. T., eds, Diseases in antiquity: a survey of Charles C. Thomas: Springfield, Illinois, 766 p. (nonsystematic)

Mooi, R., and David, B., 1997, Skeletal homologies of echinoderms. In Waters, J. A., and Maples, C. G., eds, Geobiology of echinoderms: The Paleontological Society Papers, v. 3, p. 305-335.

Mooi, R., and Telford, M., eds, 1998, Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the 9th International Echinoderm Conference, San Francisco, August 1996: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 923 p.

Moore, R. C., 1938, Upper Carboniferous crinoids from the Morrow Subseries of Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories (1937), v. 32, p. 1-313, pl. 12-16.

Moore, R. C., 1939a, Platycrinid columnals in Lower Permian limestone of western Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 13, p. 228-229.

Moore, R. C., 1939b, The use of fragmentary crinoidal remains in stratigraphic paleontology: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 33 (1938), p. 165-250, pl. 1-4.

Moore, R. C., 1939c, New crinoids from Upper Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian rocks of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 34, p. 171-279, pl. 10-19.

Moore, R. C., 1940a, New genera of Pennsylvanian crinoids from Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 35, p. 32-54, 1 pl.

Moore, R. C., 1940b, Relationships of the Family Allagecrinidae, with description of new species from Pennsylvanian Rocks of Oklahoma and Missouri: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 35, p. 55-137, pl. 2-3.

Moore, R. C., 1940c, Early growth stages of Carboniferous microcrinoids and blastoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 14, p. 572-583, 1 pl.

Moore, R. C., 1948, Paleontological features of Mississippian rocks in North America and Europe: Journal of Geology, v. 56, p. 373-401.

 

Moore, R.C., 1950, Evolution of the crinoidea in relation to major paleogeographic changes in earth history: International Geological Congress, Report 18th Sessions, Great Britain (1948), v. 12, p. 27-53.

Moore, R. C., 1952, Evolution rates among crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 26, p. 338-352.

Moore, R. C., 1953, Document 36/6: London, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 10, p. 373.

Moore, R. C., 1954, Status of invertebrate paleontology, 1953, IV Echinodermata; Pelmatozoa: Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology Bulletin, v. 112, p. 125-149.

Moore, R. C., 1955, Invertebrates and geologic time scale. In Poldervaart, A., ed, Crust of the Earth: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 62, p. 547-574. (nonsystematic)

Moore, R. C., 1962a, Revision of Calceocrinidae: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata Article 4, p. 1-40, pl. 1-3.

Moore, R. C., 1962b, Ray structures of some Inadunate crinoids: University of Kansas, Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata Article 5, p. 1-47, pl. 1-4.

Moore, R. C., 1969, Addendum-occurrence of Cibolocrinus seminolensis Strimple, n. sp., in southern Kansas. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 1, p. 6-7.

Moore, R. C., and Ewers, J. D., 1942, A new species of Synbathocrinus from Mississippian rocks of Texas, description of ontogeny: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 37, p. 92-106.

Moore, R. C., and Jeffords, R. M., 1968, Classification and nomenclature of fossil crinoids based on studies of dissociated parts of their columns: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata Article 9, p. 1-86, 28 pl.

Moore, R. C., and Jeffords, R. M., 1969, Proposed use of the plenary powers to place publications by Moore, 1938 (1939) and Yeltyschewa, 1956, 1959, 1964, concerning dissociated fossil crinoid remains on the official index of rejected and invalid works in zoological nomenclature, to suppress 13 generic names based on crinoid stem fragments, and to declare these names available for use in zoological nomenclature as collective groups. Z. N. (S.) 1850: Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 25, p. 167-170.

Moore, R. C., Jeffords, R. M., and Miller, T. H., 1968a, Morphological features of crinoid columns: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata Article 8, p. 1-30, pl. 1-4.

Moore, R. C., Jeffords, R. M., and Miller, T. H., 1968b, Collecting localities, references and index: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Supplement of Echinodermta Articles 8-10, p. 1-18.

Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R., 1941, Symbols for crinoid parts: Journal of Paleontology, v. 15, p. 412-423.

Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R., 1942, Megaliocrinus, a new camerate crinoid genus from the Morrow Series of northeastern Oklahoma: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 37, p. 67-76.

Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R., 1943a, Trichinocrinus, a new camerate crinoid from Lower Ordovician (Canadian?) rocks of Newfoundland: American Journal of Science, v. 241, p. 262-268, 2 pl.

Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R., 1943b, Evolution and classification of Paleozoic crinoids: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 46, p. 1-151, 14 pl.

Moore, R. C., and Laudon, L. R., 1944, Class Crinoidea. In Shimer, H. W. and Shrock, R. R., Index fossils of North America: New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., p. 137-209, pl. 52-79.

Moore, R. S., and Plummer, F. B., 1938, Upper Carboniferous crinoids from the Morrow Subseries of Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 32, p. 209-314, pl. 12-16

Moore, R. C., and Plummer, F. B., 1940, Crinoids from the Upper Carboniferous and Permian strata in Texas: University of Texas Publication 3945, p. 1-468, 21 pl.

Moore, R. C., and Strimple, H. L., 1941, Tegminal structure of the Pennsylvanian Permian crinoid Delocrinus: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 36, p. 1-12, 1 pl.

Moore, R. C., and Strimple, H. L., 1942, Metacatillocrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from Pennsylvanian rocks of Oklahoma: Denison University Bulletin, Journal of the Scientific Laboratories, v. 37, p. 77-84.

Moore, R. C., and Strimple, H. L., 1969, Explosive evolutionary differentiation of unique group of Mississippian-Pennsylvanian camerate crinoids (Acrocrinidae): University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 39, p. 1-44.

Moore, R. C., and Strimple, H. L., 1970, Proposed fixation of neotype of Poteriocrinus hemisphericus Shumard, 1858, type-species of Delocrinus Miller and Gurley, 1890, (Crinoidea, Echinodermata): Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 27, p. 202-204, pl. 4.

Moore, R. C., and Strimple, H. L., 1973, Lower Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) crinoids from Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 60, Echinodermata 12, p. 1-84, 23 pl.

Moore, R. C., and Teichert, C., eds, 1978, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2, Crinoidea: 3 vols., Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, 1026 p.

Moore, R. C., Weller, J. M., and Knight, J. B., 1942, Erroneous emendation of generic names: Journal of Paleontology, v. 16, p. 250-261.

Moore, R. C. and 53 others, 1968, Developments, trends, and outlooks in Paleontology: Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, p. 1327-1377.

Morgan, G. D., 1924, Geology of the Stonewall Quadrangle, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Bureau of Geology, Bulletin 2, p. 1-248, 53 pl.

Morningstar, H., 1922, Pottsville fauna of Ohio: Ohio Geological Survey, ser. 4, Bulletin v. 25, p. 1-312, 16 pl.

Morningstar, H., 1924, Catalogue of type fossils in the Geological Museum at the Ohio State University: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 24, p. 31-64. (nonsystematic)

Morris, J., 1843, A catalogue of British fossils. Comprising all the genera and species hitherto described; with reference to their geological distribution and to the localities in which they have been found, 1st ed.: London, John Van Voorst, 222 p. (nonsystematic)

Morris, J., 1854, A catalogue of British fossils. Comprising all the genera and species hitherto described; with reference to their geological distribution and to the localities in which they have been found, 2nd ed.: London, the author, 372 p. (nonsystematic)

Morris, P. G., 1992, Rhabdocrinus scotocarbonarius (Wright), a crinoid from the Carboniferous "Griotte" Limestone of Palencia, northwest Spain: Revista Espanola de Paleontologia, v. 7, no. 2, p. 181-184.

Morris, R. W., and Felton, S. H., 1993, Symbiotic association of crinoids, platyceratid gastropods, and Cornulites in the Upper Ordovician (Cincinnatian) of the Cincinnati, Ohio region: Palaios, v. 8, p. 465-476.

Morse, W. C., 1911, The fauna of the Maxville Limestone: Proceedings of the Ohio State Academy of Science, Special Paper 17, v. 5, p. 357-420.

Morse, W. C., 1917, Pennsylvanian invertebrate fauna. The Paleontology of Kentucky: Kentucky Geological Survey, ser. 6, v. 36, no. 6, p. 295-348, pl. 45-54.

Mory, A. J. and Backhouse, J., 1997, Permian stratigraphy and palynology of the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia Report 51, p. 1-41.

Morzadec, P., 1967, Sur la presence du genre Ancyrocrinus Hall 1862 (crinoide) dans le devonien moyen du massif Armoricain: Bulletin de la Société Géologique et Minéralogique Bretagne, n. s. (1966), p. 26-32, 1 pl.

Mu, E-z. (A.T.), 1948, Crinoid fossils of China: Geological Review, v. 13, no. 1/2, p. 55-66. (nonsystematic)

Mu, E-z. (A. T.), 1950, Petalocrinus from the Shihniulan Limestone of Wuchuan: Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, v. 29, p. 93-96.

Mu, E-z. (A. T.), 1954, On the occurrence of Pisocrinus in China: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 2, no. 3, p. 323-332, 1 pl. (In Chinese, p. 323-328, English resume, p. 329-332)

Mu, E-z., and Lin, C-h., 1982, Some fossil crinoids from Xizang. In Zhonggue Kexueyuan Qingzang Gaoyan Zonghe Kexue Kaocha Dui (Xizang Gushengwu) [The series of the comprehensive scientific expedition to the Qing hai Xizang Plateau (Paleontology of Xizang)]: Beijing, Science Press, v. 4, p. 1-348. (Crinoids, p. 207-210, 1 pl.) (In Chinese)

Mu, E-z., and Lin, C-h., 1983, Echinodermata. In Yannjisusuo, Dizhi Kuangchan Bu Nanjing Dizhi Kuengchan, Huangdon diqu gushengwu tuce. 1. [Palaeontological atlas of east China, 1]. Volume of Early Paleozoic. Geological Publishing House, Peking, 657 p., 176 pl. (Crinoids p. 351-353, pl. 130) (In Chinese)

Mu, E-z., and Lin, C-h., 1987. Petalocrinidae from the Silurian of Shiqian District, Guizhou. Bulletin of the Nanjing Institute Geology and Palaeontology, Academica Sinica, no. 12, p. 1-22, 8 pl.

Mu, E-z., and Wu, Y-r., 1974, Crinoid sections. In A handbook of the stratigraphy and paleontology in southwest China: Nanking Institute of Geology and Paleontology Academia Sinica, Beijing, 455 p., 202 pl. (In Chinese)

Mu, E-z., and Wu, Y-r., 1975, One species of crinoidea from Quzong Formation (Early Carboniferous) at the northern slope of the Mount Everst (Qomolangma Feng) region. In Tu, S-w., ed., A report of the scientific expedition on the Mount Everest region (paleontology, v. 1) 1966-1968: China, Academia Sinica, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Interdisciplinary Scientific Investigrative Team; China, National Mountaineering Team 3; China, Qomolongma Feng Scientific Investigative Squad 3, p. 309-316, pl. 1. Scientific Press, China.

Muir-Wood, H. M., and Oakley, K. P., 1941, Upper Palaeozoic faunas of North Sikkim: Geological Survey of India Memoirs, n. s., v. 31, no. 1, p. 1-91, 4 pl.

Müller, H., 1965, Zur Stratigraphie der Eifel/Givet Grenze im östlichen Sauerland: Fortschritt der Geologie Rheinlande und Westfalen, v. 9, p. 755-806, 1 pl.

Müller, J., 1840, Über den bau des Pentacrinus Caput. Medusae. Berlin Berricht, p. 88-106; Berlin, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Academie der Wissenschafften zu Berlin 1841: 177-248; Froriep Notizen 17, 1841, col. 178-202: Wiegman Archiv v. 6 (1840), p. 307-318.

Müller, J., 1841a, Über den Bau des Pentacrinus Caput. Medusae: Abhandlungen der Königlichen Academie der Wissenschafften zu Berlin, 1841, p. 177-248, 6 pls.

Müller, J., 1841b, Über den Bau des Pentacrinus Caput. Medusae. Froriep Notizen 17, 1841, col. 178-202: Wiegmans Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Jahrgang, v. 6 (1840), p. 307-318. (Unseen)

Müller, J. 1854, Über den bau der Echinodermen: Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaft, Berlin, (1853) v. 44, p. 123-219, 9 pl. (A separate of this paper is paginated p. 1-97, 9 pl., circulation uncertain, not indexed.)

Müller, J., 1855a, Über die Echinodermen in the Umgegend von Coblenz und in dem Eifeler Kalke. In Zeiler, F. and Wirtgen, Ph., Bemerkungen uber die Petrefacten der altern devonischen Gebirge am Rheine, insbesondere uber die in dier Umgegend von Coblenz vorkommenden Arten: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, v. 12, p. 1-28, pl. 1-9a.

Müller, J., 1855b, Über die Echinodermen in the Umgegend von Coblenz and in dem Eifeler Kalke. In Zeiler, F. and Wirtgen, Ph., Bemerkungen uber die Petrefacten der altern devonischen Gebirge am Rheine, insbesondere uber die in die Umgegend von Coblenz vorkommenden Arten: Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, v. 12, p. 79-85, pl. 10-12. (Listed by some authors as Zeiler and Wirtgen.)

Müller, J., 1856, Über neue Crinoiden aus dem Eifeler Kalk: Koniglich Akademie der Wissenschaft Berlin, Monatsbericht, p. 353-356. (Names several new species and two new genera but none illustrated herein; they are illustrated in Müller, 1857).

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Prokop, R. J., 1997, Myelodactylus ammonis (Bather, 1893) (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from the Ludlow (Silurian) of Bohemia: Casopis Národniho Muzea, v. 166, no. 1-4, p. 26.

Prokop, R. J., and Pek, I., 1998, Cyclocaudiculus edwardi sp. n., (Crinoidea, col.) in the Lower Carboniferous of Moravia (Czech Republic): Vestník Ceského Geologického Ústavu, v. 73, no. 3, p. 201-204.

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Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1987b, Eutaxocrinus capella sp. n. (Crinoidea, Flexibilia) from the Bohemian Lower Devonian (Zlichovian): Casopis pro Mineralogii a Geologii, v. 32, no. 2, p. 165-168, 1 pl.

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Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1989b, New Silurian and Devonian crinoid taxa from Bohemia: Casopis pro Mineralogii a Geologii, v. 34, no. 1, p. 45-57, 4 pl.

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Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1991a, New microcriniods from theTrebotov Limestone of the Bohemian Lower Devonian (Dalejan = upper Emsian): Casopis pro Mineralogii a Geologii, v. 36, no. 2-3, p. 131-136, 4 pl.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1991b, Torrocrinus grandis gen. et sp. n. (Crinoidea) from the Lower Devonian Koneprusy Limestone of the Barrandian area (Czechoslovakia): Véstnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu, v. 66, no. 6, p. 365-382, 2 pl.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1993a, Lecanocrinus Hall, 1852 (Crinoidea, Flexibilia) in the Bohemian Silurian and Lower Devonian. In New flexible crinoids from the Silurian and Devonian of the Czech Republic: Folia Musei Rerum Naturalium Bohemiae Occidentalis Ser. Geologica, v. 38, p. 1-15, pl. 1-7.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V.,1993b, Taxocrinus sp. (Crinoidea, Flexibilia) in the Middle Devonian of Moravia (Czech Republic). In New flexible crinoids from the Silurian and Devonian of the Czech Republic: Folia Musei Rerum Naturalium Bohemiae Occidentalis Ser. Geologica, v. 38, p. 16-19, pl. 8.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1994a, Timocrinus gen. n. (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from the Lower Devonian of Bohemia: Casopis Narodniho Muzea, Rada Prirodovedna, v. 162, no. 1-4, 67-69, 2 pl.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1994b, A note on the phylogeny of scyphocrinitid crinoids: Acta Universitatis Caronlinae - Geologica, v. 1-2, p. 31-36.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1995a, New finds of isolated cup plates of the crinoid genus Edriocrinus in the Bohemian Lower and Middle Devonian: Casopis Národního Muzea, Rada Prírodovedná, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 49-50, 1 pl.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1995b, Synchirocrinus cf. hanusi Prokop, 1970 from the Koneprusy Limestone (Lower Devonian, Barrandian, Bohemia): Casopis Národního Muzea, Rada Prírodovedná, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 75-76, 1 pl.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1995c, Edriocrinus cf. ata Prokop, 1976 (Crinoidea) from the Koneprusy Limestone of the Bohemian Lower Devonian, attached inside a platyceratid shell: Casopis Národního Muzea, Rada Prírodovedná, v. 164, no. 1-4, p. 105-106, 1 pl.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1996, Kuzbassocrinus cf. bystrowi Yaltyschewa, 1957 (Crinoidea, col.) from the Lower Devonian Koneprusy Limestone of the Barrandian area (Czech Republic): Journal of the Czech Geological Society, v. 41, no. 3/4, p. 220-222.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1997, The genus Pygmaeocrinus Bouska, 1947 (Crinoidea, Inadunata) in the Devonian of the Barrandian area (Czech Republic): Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B, Historia Naturalis, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 1-10.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1998a, Type specimens of fossils in the National Museum, Prague Vol., 2, Palaeozoic Crinoidea. Supplement 1919-1997: Casopis Národního Nuzea Rada Prírodovedná, v. 167, no. 1-4, p. 1-24.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1998b, Isolated skeletal ossicles of the crinoid Family Catillocrinidae Wachsmuth et Springer, 1866 in the Devonian of Bohemia: Casopis Národního Nuzea Rada Prírodovedná, v. 167, no. 1-4, p. 52-53.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1998c, Decacrinus bohemicus sp. n., (Crinoidea, col.) from the Lower Devonian, Koneprusy Limestone, Barrandian area (Czech Republic): Casopis Národního Nuzea Rada Prírodovedná, v. 167, no. 1-4, p. 53-54.

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Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 1999b, Carpocrinus ornatus (Angelin, 1878) (Crinoidea, Camerata) from the Silurian of the Barrandian area (Czech Republic): Casopis Národniho Muzea Rada Prirodovedná, v. 168, no. 1-4, p. 135-136.

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Reed, F.R.C., 1892, Woodwardian Museum Notes: Geological Magazine, ser. 3, v. 9, p. 548-549.

Reed, F.R.C., 1906, The Lower Palaeozoic fossils of the Northern Shan States, Burma. With a section of Ordovician cystidea by F. A. Bather [q.v.]: Palaeontologica Indica, ser. 2, Memoir 3, p. 1-158, 8 pl.

Reed, F.R.C., 1908, The Devonian faunas of the Northern Shan states: India Geological Survey, Memoirs v. 2, no. 5, p. 1-157, pl. 5-6.

Reed, F.R.C., 1912, Ordovician and Silurian fossils from the central Himalayas. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India: Palaeontologica Indica, ser. 15, v. 7, no. 2, p. 1-171, 20 pl.

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Reed, F.R.C., 1927, Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossils from Yun-nan: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica, n. s., v. 10, no. 1, p. 1-322, 20 pl.

Reed, F.R.C., 1928, A Permo-Carboniferous marine fauna from the Umaria Coal-field: Records Geological Survey India, v. 60, p. 367-398, pl. 31-34. (Echinoderms, p. 370, pl. 34)

Reed, F.R.C., 1933, Notes on some Lower Palaeozoic fossils from the southern Shan States: Records Geological Survey India, v. 66, p. 188-211. (Crinoidea, p. 188, 202; cystoidea p. 190, 202)

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Remes, M., 1929, Palaeontologické studie z celechovického devonu. Cást III. Príspevky k poznání jeho fauny [Paleontologic studies of the Czech Devonian. Part 3. Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna]: Vestniku Statniho Geologickeho Ustavu Ceskoslovenska Republiky Prague, v. 5, p. 240-247, pl. 22-23. (In Czech)

Remes, M., 1939, Nekteré vzácné nálezy v celechovickém devonu [A rare find in the Devonian of Czechoslovakia], {Einige seltene Funde im Devon von Celechovic}. Casopis Vlasteneckého Spolku Musejního v Olomouci, v. 52, pt. II (195-196), p. 156-160. (In Czech, German resume)

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Richards, R. L., 1986, The Indiana State Museum Indianapolis, Indiana: Rocks and Minerals, v. 61, no. 3, p. 125-128.

Richter, R., 1848, Beiträge zur Paläeontologie des Thüringer Waldes: Die grauwacke des Bohlens und der Pfaffenbefges bei Saalfeld, I. Fauna: Dresden, Arnold, p. 1- 48, 6 pl.

Richter, R., and Unger, F., 1856, Beitrag zur Paläontologie des Thuringer Waldes (1855): Denckschriften der Akademie Wissenschaften Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse Wien, v. 11, p. 87-138, 3 pl.

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Riemann, C., 1885, Die Kalke des Taubensteins bei Wetzlar und ihre Fauna: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Jahrgang 1885, p. 142-169, 1 pl.

Ringueberg, E.N.S., 1882, Description of two new species of crinoids from the shales of the Niagara Group, at Lockport, New York: Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 5, p. 119-121, pl. 5.

Ringueberg, E.N.S., 1884, New fossils from the four groups of the Niagara period of western New York: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 35, p. 144-150.

Ringueberg, E.N.S., 1886, New genera and species of fossils from the Niagara shales: Buffalo Society of Natural Science, Bulletin 5, p. 1-22.

Ringueberg, E.N.S., 1888, Some new species of fossils from the Niagara shales of western New York: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1887), v. 38, p. 131-137, pl. 7.

Ringueberg, E.N.S., 1889, The Calceocrinidae. A revision of the family, with descriptions of some new species: Annals of the New York Academy of Science, v. 4, p. 388-408, pl. 10-11.

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Note: Carl Ferdinand Roemer is usually published as F. Roemer and Frederick Adolph Roemer is usually published as A. Roemer. However, citations by later authors vary and it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the correct author. For clarity the publications are cited herein and in the index as C. F. Roemer and F. A. Roemer.

Roemer, C. F., 1844, Das Rheinische Übergangsgebirge: Eine palaeontologisch-geognostische Darstellung: Hannover, Hahn, p. 1-96, 6 pl.

Roemer, C. F., 1850, Über Stephanocrinus, eine fossile Crinoiden-Gattung aus der Familie der Cystideen: Wiegmanns Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Jahrgang 16, v. 1, p. 365-375, pl. 5.

Roemer, C. F., 1851a, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen fauna des Devonischen gebirges am Rhein: Natural History Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, Verhandlungen, p. 1-20, pl. 1-2. (Preprint, copy in Springer Room, U. S. National Museum)

Roemer, C. F., 1851b, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen fauna des Devonischen gebirges am Rhein: Natural History Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, Verhandlungen, v. 8, p. 357-376, pl. 7-8.

Roemer, C. F., 1852, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen fauna des Devonischen Gebirges am Rhein: Natural History Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, Verhandlungen, v. 9, p. 281-288, pl. 2.

Roemer, C. F., 1852-54, Erste Periode, Kohlen-Gebirge. In Lethaea Geognostica, H. G. Bronn, 1851-1856, 3rd edit.: Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart, v. 2, p. 1-788, 10 pl. (Echinoderms, p. 210-291)

Roemer, C. F., 1853, Dorycrinus, ein neues Crinoidengeschlecht aus dem Kohlenkalke Nord-Amerika's: Wiegmanns Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Jahrgang 19, v. 1, p. 207-218, pl. 10.

Roemer, C. F., 1860a, Die Silurische Fauna des westlichen Tennessee. Eine Palaeontologische Monographie: Breslau, Verlag von Edward Treuendt p. 1-100, 5 pl. (Echinoderms, p. 31-61, pl. 3-4)

Roemer, C. F., 1860b, Die silurische Fauna des westlichen Tennessee, eine paläontologische Monographie: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-kunde, p. 759-763.

Roemer, C. F., 1860c, Die Silurische Fauna des westlichen Tennessee, Eine Palaeontologische Monographie: Breslau, E. Trewendt, p. 1-100, 5 pl. [1874, Translated (in part), Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, v. 1, p. 29-35, 190-192, 247-253

Roemer, C. F., 1864, Neue Asteriden und Crinoiden aus devonischem Dachschiefer von Bundenbach bei Birkenfeld: Palaeontographica, v. 9, p. 143-152, pl. 23-29.

Roemer, C. F., 1876, Lethaea Geognostica, Lethaea Palaeozoica, v. 1-3 (1880, 1876-1897), atlas, pl. 40. (See Frech, F., 1897)

Roemer, C. F., 1881, Über eine Kohlenkalk-Fauna der Westküste von Sumatra: Palaeontographica, v. 27, no. 3, p. 1-11, pl. 1-3.

Roemer, C. F., 1885, Lethaea erratica oder Aufzählung und Beschreibung der in der norddeutschen Ebene vorkommendenDdiluvial-Geschiebe nordischer Sedimentär-Gesteine: Palaeontologische Abhandlungen herausgegeben von W. Dames and E. Kayser, v. 2, no. 5, p. 1-173, 11 pls.

Roemer, F. A., 1836, Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Oolithen-Gebirges: Hannover, p. 28-32, 215-216, pl. 1-2, 12.

Roemer, F. A., 1839, Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Oolithen-Gebirges. Ein Nachtrag: Hannover, p. 17-20, 59, pl. 17-20. (supp. to 1836)

Roemer, F. A., 1840-41, Die Versteinerungen des Norddeutschen Kreidegebirges: Hannover, Hahn, pt. 1, p. 1-48, pl. 1-7 (1840); pt. 2, p. 49-145, pl. 8-16 (1841).

Roemer, F. A., 1843, Die Versteinerungen des Harzgebirges: Hannover, Hahn, p. 1-40, 12 pl.

Roemer, F. A., 1850a, Acanthocrinus, ein neues Krinoiden-Genus: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, p. 679-680, pl. 6B.

Roemer, F. A., 1850b-52, Beiträge zur geologischen Kenntnis des nordwestlichen Harzgebirges. In Dunker, W., and von Meyer, H., eds, Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Vorwelt: Palaeontographica, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-67, pl. 1-10 (1850b); no. 2, p. 69-111, pl. 11-15 (1852a).

Roemer, F. A., 1852, Beiträge zur geologischen Kenntniss des nordwestlichen Harzgebirges: Palaeontographica, no. 1, p. 69-111, pl. 11-15.

Roemer, F. A., 1866a, Beiträge zur geologischen Kenntniss des nordwestlichen Harzgebirges: Palaeontographica, v. 13, p. 201-213, pl. 33-35.

Roemer, F. A., 1866b, Die Versteinerungen des Harzgebirges nach den Formationen geordnet: Paläontographica, v. 13, p. 215-235.

Roemer, F. A., 1893, Die Versteinerungen des Hartsgebirges: p. 8. (see 1843, 1852, 1866)

Roessinger, G., 1944, Notes sur les variations d'un crinoide fossile: Societe Neufchatel Science Natural Bulletin, v. 69, p. 119-130.

Rofe, J., 1865a, Description of a new species of Actinocrinus, from the Mountain Limestone of Lancashire: Geological Magazine, v. 2, p. 12-13.

Rofe, J., 1865b, Notes on some Echinodermata from the Mountain Limestone, etc.: Geological Magazine, v. 2, p. 245-252, pl. 8.

Rofe, J., 1869, Note on the course and nature of the enlargement on some crinoidal columns: Geological Magazine, ser. 1, v. 6, p. 351-353.

Rofe, J., 1871, Notes on the Crinoidea: Geological Magazine, v. 8, p. 241-247, pl. 6.

Rofe, J., 1873, Further notes on the Crinoidea: Geological Magazine, v. 10, p. 262-267, pl. 11.

Rogers, H. D., 1858, The geology of Pennsylvania, a gouvernment survey: Philadelphia, 2 v., 1046 p.

Rollins, H. B., and Brezinski, D. K., 1988, Reinterpretation of crinoid-platyceratid interaction: Lethaia, v. 21, p. 207-217.

Rollins, H. B., Carothers, M., and Donahue, J., 1979, Transgression, regression and fossil community succession: Lethaia, v. 12, p. 89-104.

Romanov, N., 1898, Kungurskago yarusa permokarbonovykhb obrazovaniy na R. Kama i na R. Chusovoy [The Permocarboniferous fauna of the Kungurian Stage on the Kama and Tschussowaj’a Rivers]: Tudy Obshchtchestva Estestvoespytatelei pri Imperatorskoma Kazanskovma Universitet, v. 31, no. 6, p. 1-73, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Romanovsky, G. D., 1890, Materialui dlya Gheologhii Turkestanskagho Kraya. Vypusk 3, Isthoricheskaya gheologia, Paleontologhicheskyii kharakhter osadochnych obrazovanyii zapodnagho Tian-Shanai Thuranskoyi izmennosthi [Materials of the geology of Turkestan Region, 3: Historical Geology, palaeontological character of the sediments of the western Tian-Shan and Turansky slope]: St. Petersburg, p. I-X, 1-165, pl. 1-21. (Crinoidea, p. 81-87, pl. 14) (In Russian)

Rose, J. N., 1967, Fossils and rocks of eastern Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey, Educational Ser. v. 1, p. 1-146, 18 pl.

Rossi, C., 1939, Fossili carbonici del Fezzan: Museo Libico di Storia Naturale, Annales, v. 1, p. 185-251, pl. 6-9.

Rossouw, P. J., 1933, On the geology of Weltevreden, Prince Albert district, with a diagnosis of an Ophiuroid, Ohiurites sp.: Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, v. 36, p. 73-76.

Rothpletz, A., 1892, Die Perm-, Trias- und Jura-Formation auf Timor und Rotti im Indischen Archipel: Palaeontographica, v. 39, p. 57-106, pl. 1-13.

Rouault, M. M., 1847, Catalogue des fossiles du terrain paléozoïque des environs de Rennes: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 2, v. 4, p. 320-323.

Roux, M., 1970, Introductions à l'étude des microstructures des tiges de crinoides: Geobios, no. 3, fasc. 3, p. 79-98, pl. 14-16.

Roux, M., 1971, Recherches sur las microstructure des pédonculés de crinoides post-paléozoiques: Travaux du Laboratoire de Paleontologie, University of Paris, Faculte Science d'Orsay, p. 1-86, 4 pl.

Roux, M., 1974, Les Principaux Modes D'Articulation des Ossicules du Squelette des Crinoides Pedoncules Actuels. Observations Microstructurales et Consequences Pour L'Interpretation des Fossiles: Compte Rendu Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 278, ser. D, p. 2015-2018.

Roux, M., 1975, Microstructural analysis of the crinoid stem: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 75, p. 1-7, 2 pl.

Roux, M., 1980, Réflexions concernant la biogéographie et l'écologie des Crinöides pédonculés actuels. In Jangoux, M., ed, Echinoderms. Present and past: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 137-139.

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Rowley, R. R., 1890b, Some observations on natural casts of crinoids and blastoids from the Burlington Limestone: American Geologist, v. 6, p. 66-67. (nonsystematic)

Rowley, R. R., 1891, Fossil collecting in the Burlington Limestone: The Scientist (Kansas City), v. 5, p. 71-72. (nonsystematic)

Rowley, R. R., 1893a, Range of Chouteau fossils: American Geologist, v. 12, p. 49-50. (nonsystematic)

Rowley, R. R., 1893b, Description of some new species of crinoids, blastoids and brachiopods from the Devonian and subcarboniferous rocks of Missouri: American Geologist, v. 12, p. 303-309, pl. 14.

Rowley, R. R., 1894, New species of crinoids and brachiopods from the Missouri Hamilton: American Geologist, v. 13, p. 151-154.

Rowley, R. R., 1895, Description of a new genus and five new species of fossils from the Devonian and subcarboniferous rocks of Missouri: American Geologist, v. 16, p. 217-223.

Rowley, R. R., 1900a, New species of crinoids, blastoids and cystoids from Missouri: American Geologist, v. 25, p. 65-75, pl. 2.

Rowley, R. R., 1900b, Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Devonian and Subcarboniferous rocks of Missouri: American Geologist, v. 25, p. 261-273, pl. 5.

Rowley, R. R., 1900c, Notes on the fauna of the Burlington Limestone at Louisiana, Mo.: American Geologist, v. 26, p. 245-251.

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Rowley, R. R., 1901c, Two new genera and some new species of fossils from the upper Palaeozoic rocks of Missouri: American Geologist, v. 27, p. 343-355, pl. 28.


Rowley, R. R., 1902b, New species of fossils from the Subcarboniferous rocks of Northeastern Missouri: American Geologist, v. 29, p.303-310, pl. 18.

Rowley, R. R., 1904d, The echinodermata of the Missouri Silurian and a new brachiopod: American Geologist, v. 34, p. 269-282, pl. 16.

Rowley, R. R., 1905, Missouri palaeontology: American Geologist, v. 35, p. 301-311, pl. 21.

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Rozhnov, S. V., 1975, First pisocrinids from the Lower Silurian of Podolia [Pervie pizokrinidi iz nizhnego Silura Podolii]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 70-75, pl. 8. (In Russian)

Rozhnov, S. V., 1976, The first pisocrinids from the Lower Silurian of Podolia: Paleontological Journal, v. 9, no. 1, p. 68-73, pl. 8.

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Rozhnov, S. V., 1983, Individualnaya izmenchivost diskretnykh priznakov chashechki Inadunatnykh krinoidey [Individual variability of discrete features of the calyx in Inadunate crinoids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 105-109. (In Russian)

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Rozhnov, S. V., 1985b, Morfologiya, simmetriya i sistematicheskoe polozhenie morskikh lilii gibokrinid [Morphology, symmetry and systematic position of the hybocrinid crinoids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 4-16, 1 pl. (In Russian)

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Rozhnov, S. V., 1988, Morfologiya i sistematicheskoe polozhenie nizhneordovikskikh morskikh lilii [Morphology and systematic position of Lower Ordovician crinoids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 67-79, pl. 6-7. (In Russian)

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Schmidt, H., 1933, Der Kellerwaldquarzit, mit einer Beschreibung seiner Fauna und der aus der Tanner Grauwacke: Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen, v. 23, no. 19, p. 295-349, pl. 1-5 (18-22).

Schmidt, H., 1934, Cephalopodenfauneen des älteren Namur aus der Umgegend von Arnsberg in Westfalen: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 54, p. 440-461.

Schmidt, H., 1951, Whitehouse's Ur-Echinodermen aus dem Cambrium Australiens: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 24, no. 3/4, p. 142-145.

Schmidt, H., and Trunko, L., 1965, Die Basis des Givet im Bereich der Lenneschiefer: Fortschritt Geologischen Rheinland und Westfalen, v. 9, p. 869-873.

Schmidt, W. E., 1895, In Hendricks, E.M.L., Geological succession and structure in western south Devonshire: Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, v. 18, no. 3, p. 296-298.

Schmidt, W. E., 1906, Der oberste Lenneschiefer zwischen Letmathe und Iserlohn: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Verhandlung 1905, v. 57, p. 498-566, pl. 20-22. (see Jaekel, 1906, for some parts of the crinoid section)

Schmidt, W. E., 1913, Cultrijugatuszone und unteres Mitteldevon südlich der Attendorn-Elsper Doppelmulde: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt Berkakamie, v. 33, no. 2, pt. 2, p. 265-318, pl. 22-23.

Schmidt, W. E., 1914, Gastrocrinus Jaekel. Wilhelm Branca: Eine Festschrift seiner Schüler, p. 215-234, pl. 4-4a.

Schmidt, W. E., 1915, Arthroacantha H. S. Williams = Platyhexacrinus W. E. Schmidt: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, v. 4, p. 119-125.

Schmidt, W. E., 1920, Description of new taxa. In Haarmann, E., Die Botryocriniden und Lophocriniden des rheinischen Devons: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 41, no. 1, pt. 1, p. 29-36, pl. 1, 3-5.

Schmidt, W. E., 1930, Die Echinodermen des deutschen Unterkarbons: Abhandlungen der Preussichen Geologischen Landesanstalt, n. s., v. 122, no. 1, p. 1-92, 3 pl. (This is part I of Die Fauna des deutschen Unter-karbons).

Schmidt, W. E., 1932, Crinoideen und Blastoideen aus dem jungsten Unterdevon Spaniens: Palaeontographica (1931), v. 76, p. 1-34, pl. 1-4.

Schmidt, W. E., 1934, Die Crinoideen des Rheinischen Devons, I. Teil; Die Crinoideen des Hunsrückschiefers: Abhandlung der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 163, p. 1-149, 34 pl.

Schmidt, W. E. 1937, Fósiles paleozoicos de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia (Cordillera de Bogotá): Republic de Colombia, Ministerio de Industrias y Trabajo, Estudios Geologicos y Paleontologicos Sobre la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia, v. 2, p. 1-6, pl. 1-2.

Schmidt, W. E., 1942, Die Crinoideen des Rheinischen Devons, II. Teil; A. Nachtrag zu Die Crinoideen des Hunsrückschiefers; B. Die Crinoideen des Unterdevon bis zur Cultrijugatus -Zone (mit Ausschluss des Hunsrückschiefers): Abhandlungen der Reichstelle für Bodenforschung, n. s., v. 182, p. 1-253, 26 pl.

Schmidt, W. E., 1952, Crinoides y Blastoides del Devónico inferior de Asturias: Publicaciones Extranjeras Sobre Geologia de España Instituta L. Mallada, p. 119-170, pl. 1-10. (Spanish translation of Schmidt, 1932, by Melendez in collaboration with M. Rogelia Fernandez.)

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Schnur, 1849, see Steininger1849

Schnur, 1853, see Steininger 1853

Schondorf, F., 1908, Verzeichnis der im Naturhistorischen Museum zu Wiesbaden befindlichen Originale. Abteilung für Geologie und Paläontologie. 2. Originale zu G. et F. Sandberger, Die Versteinerungen des rheinischen Schichtensystems in Nassau. Wiesbaden 1850-1856: Jahrbucher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde. Wiesbaden, v. 61, p. 39-71. (nonsystematic)

Schorno, S., Berset, S., and Bénier, C. 1990, Les collections du departement de geologie et de paleontologie des invertebres du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve: Revue de Paléobiologie, v. 9, no. 1, p. 179-198. (nonsystematic)

Schröter, J. S., 1778, Vollständige Einleitung in die Kenntniss und geschichte der Steine und Versteinerungen. Part III, Versteinerungen: Pentacrinites: Altenburg, p. 336, pl. 4.

Schuchert, C., 1900, On the Lower Silurian (Trenton) fauna of Baffin Land: Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, v. 22, p. 143-178, pl. 12-14.

Schuchert, C., 1903, On new Siluric Cystoidea, and a new Camarocrinus: American Geologist, v. 32, p. 230-240.

Schuchert, C, 1904a, Paleontological collections from Europe: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 45, p. 448-450, pl. 101-102.

Schuchert, C., 1904b, On siluric and devonic Cystidea and Camarocrinus: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, v. 47, no. 1482, p. 201-272.

Schuchert, C., 1913, Systematic paleontology of the Lower Devonian deposits of Maryland. Cystoidea: Maryland Geological Survey, Lower Devonian, p. 227-248, pl. 31-35. (Crinoids, p. 227-228, pl. 31)

Schuchert, C., 1927, American Silurian Crinoids, a review: Science, v. 65, p. 425-426.

Schuchert, C., 1928, Memorial of Frank Springer: Bulletin Geological Society of America, v. 39, p. 65-80, pl. 7. (nonsystematic, literature source)

Schultze, L., 1867, Monographie der Echinodermen des Eifler Kalkes: Denkschriften der Kaiserlich Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe, Wien, v. 26, no. 2, p. 113-230, pl. 1-13. (Advance publication, 1866)

Schumacher, G. A., 1986, Ordovician echinoderm fossils: Ohio Geology Newsletter, Summer 1986, p. 5-7.

Schumacher, G. A. and Ausich, W. I., 1983, New Upper Ordovician echinoderm site: Bull Fork Formation, Caesar Creek reservoir (Warren County, Ohio): Ohio Academy Science, v. 83, p. 60-64.

Scudder, S. H., 1882, Nomenclator Zoologicus: U. S. Museum Bulletin 19, p. 1-376, +344 p.

Seeliger, O., 1892, Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Crinoiden: Zoologisches Jahrbuch, Abteilungen Anat., v. 6, p. 161-444, pl. 12-22.

Segars, M. T., and Liddell, W. D., 1988, Microhabitat analyses of Silurian stromatoporoids as substrata for epibionts: Palaios, v. 3, p. 391-403.

Seilacher, A., 1961, Ein Füllhorn aus dem Hunsrückschiefer: Natur und Volk, v. 91, no. 1, p. 15-19.

Seilacher, A., Haude, R., Rosenkranz, D., and Ruhrmann, G., 1976, Echinodermen-Lagerstätten: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teilt 2, Paläontologie, p. 227-232. (nonsystematic, diagrammatic)

Sevastopulo, G. D., Ausich, W. I., and Franzén-Bengtson, C., 1989, 31. Echinoderms. In Holland, C. H., and Bassett, M. G., eds, A global standard for the Silurian System: National Museum of Wales, Geological Series No. 9, p. 264-267. (nonsystematic)

Sevastopulo, G. D., and Keegan, J. B., 1980, A technique for revealing the stereom micro-structure of fossil crinoids: Palaeontology, v. 23, p. 749-756, pl. 94-95.

Sevastopulo, G. D., and Lane, N. G., 1981, Silurian microcrinoids from western Tennessee: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 1171-1175, 1 pl.

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Sevastopulo, G. D., Lane, N. G., and Waters, J. 1990, Stratigraphical distribution of crinoids and blastoids in the Lower Carboniferous: Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, v. 130 (1990), p. 211-219. (nonsystematic)

Sharpe, D., and Salter, J. W., 1856, Description of Paleozic fossiles from South Africa. In Bain, A. G., On the geology of southern Africa: Transactions of the Geological Society of London, ser. 2, v. 7, p. 175-232, pl. 22-28. (See Salter, 1856 for echinoderms)

Sheehan, P. M., 1996, A new look at ecologic evolutionary units (EEUS): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology v. 127, p. 21-32.

Shi, G. R., and Mcloughlin, S., 1997, Permian stratigraphy, sedimentology and palaeontology of the southern Sydney Basin, eastern Australia--a field excursion guide: School of Aquatic Science and Natural Resources Management, Deakin University, Technical Paper 1997/2, p. 1-59, 12 pls.

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Shimer, H. W., 1905, Upper Siluric and Lower Devonic faunas of Trilobite Mountain, Orange County, New York: New York State Museum, Bulletin 80, Paleontology v. 10, p. 173-269.

Shimer, H. W., and Grabau, A. W., 1902, Hamilton group of Thedford, Ontario: Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 13, p. 149-186. (nonsystematic)

Shimer, H. W., and Grabau, A. W., 1910, North American Index Fossils, invertebrates: New York, v. 2, p. 1-909. (Echinoderms, p. 458-603)

Shourd, M. L., and Winter, H. F., 1976, A new species of Porocrinus from the Middle Ordovician Plattin Limestone of Missouri: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 1191-1194, 1 pl.

Shumacher, G. A., and Shrake, D. L., 1996, Chapter 6. Paleoecology and comparative taphonomy of an Isotelus (Trilobita) fossil lagerstätten from the Waynesville Formation (Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian Series) of southwestern Ohio. In Brett, C. E., and Baird, G. S., eds, Paleontological events. Stratigraphic, ecological, and evolutionary implications: New York, Columbia University Press, p. 131-161. (nonsystematic)

Shumard, B. F., 1853-1854, Paleontology; description of the species of Carboniferous and Cretaceous fossils collected. In Marcy, R. B., Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana in the year 1852, U. S. 32nd Congress, 2nd Sess., Sen. Ex. Document 54, p. 197-211, pl. 1 (1853); 33rd Congress, 1st Session, House Ex. Document., p. 173-185 (1854).

Shumard, B. F., 1855, Description of new species of organic remains: Missouri Geological Survey, v. 2, p. 185-208, pl. A-C.

Shumard, B. F., 1858, Description of new fossil Crinoidea from the Palaeozoic rocks of the western and southern portions of the United States: Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science (1857), v. 1, p. 71-80, 1 pl.

Shumard, B. F., 1865-1866, Catalogue of Palaeozoic fossils, Part 1, Echinodermata: Transactions of the St. Louis Academy Science, v. 2, no. 2, p. 334-394 (1865); p. 395-407 (1866).

Shumard, B. F., 1868, A catalogue of the Palaeozoic fossils of North America: Part I. Paleozoic Echinodermata: Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science (1866), v. 2, p. 334-407. (Separate of Shumard, 1865-1866.)

Shumard, B. F., and Swallow, G. C., 1858, Descriptions of new fossils from the Coal Measures of Missouri and Kansas: Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science, v. 1, p. 198-227.

Siemann-Gartmann, S. M., 1983, Microfauna of the Middle Silurian Waldron Shale, southeastern Indiana: Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, v. 71, no. 1, p. 56-67.

Siemiradzki, T. von, 1906a, Die Paläozoischen Gebilde Podoliens: Beitrage zur Paläontologie and Geologie Österreich Ungarns und des Orients, v. 19, p. 173-286, pl. 15-21.

Siemiradzki, T. von, 1906b, Monografia warstw paleozoicznych Podola [Monograph of the Palaeozoic strat of Podolia]: Akademia Umiejetnosci w Krakowie, Sprawozdania Komisyi Fizyograficznej Oraz Materyaly do Fizyografi i Krajovej, v. 39, p. 87-196, 7 pl. (In Polish)

Sieverts, H., 1934, Neues über Cupressocrinus Goldfuss. Sitzungsbericht herausgegeben vom Naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen Verhandlung (1932/1933), v. 26, 27, p. 89-102.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1937, II. Echinodermata: Forschritte der Paläontologie, v. 1, p. 214-226.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1942, Crinoiden aus dem Perm Tasmaniens: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, Jahrgang, Abt. B, v. 7, p. 222-231.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1950, Über Hexacrinus und Bactrocrinus: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, v. 3, p. 80-87.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1951a, Crinoiden aus dem Unterkarbon des Oberharzes: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 93, no. 1, p. 117-143, pl. 8, 9. [Spanish translation, 1953, Publicaciones Extranjeras Sobre Geologia de España, v. 7, no. 1, p. 23-46; unseen, not indexed]

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1951b, Echinoderm aus dem Spanischen Ober-Karbon: Palaontologiche Zeitschrift, v. 24, p. 104-119, 1 pl.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1952, Über die sogenannten "Deckplättchen" gotlandischer Cyathocrinidae: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatschefte, v. 9, p. 420-430.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1953, Über einige inadunate Crinoiden aus dem rheinishchen Devon: Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamt Bodenforsch, v. 81, p. 75-87, pl. 4.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1954, Weitere Mitteilungen über Myelodactylus aus dem Mittle-Devon der Eifel: Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamt Bodenforsch, v. 82, p. 46-49.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1957a, Neufunde von Diamenocrinus und Ctenocrinus aus dem Mittle Devon der Eifel: Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamt Bodenforsch, v. 85, p. 62-66.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1957b, Bemerkungen uber altapalaozoische Crinoiden aus Argentinien: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, v. 4, p. 151-156.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1960, Spezielle Arbeitsgebiete der Mikropaläontologie 3. Echinodermen. In Freund, H., ed, Handbuch der Mikroskopie in der Technik, "Mikroskopie in der Geologie sedimentarer Lagerstatten (Mikropaläontologie)": Frankfurt, Umschau Verlag, v. 2, no. 3, p. 239-264, pl. 1-6.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1962, Über eine neue form von Tubusplatten devonischer Crinoiden: Notizblatt des Hessischen Landesamt Bodenforsch, Wiesbaden, v. 90, p. 106-116, 1 pl.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1963, Über Missbildungen bei Cupressocrinus elongatus aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifel: Decheniana, v. 115, no. 2, p. 239-244, 1 pl.

Sieverts-Doreck, H., 1964, Crinoiden aus dem Paläozoikum des Kantabrischen Gebirges (Nordspanien): Mitteilungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung füer Palaeontologie und Historische Geologie, Munich, v. 4, p. 1-12, 3 pl.

Sigler, J. P., White, D., and Kesling, R. V., 1971, Logocrinus brandoni, a new inadunate crinoid from the Middle Devonian Silica Shale of Ohio: University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Contributions, v. 23, no. 13, p. 213-220, 2 pl.

Signor, P. W. III, and Brett, C. E., 1984, The mid-Paleozoic precursor to the Mesozoic marine revolution: Paleobiology, v. 10, p. 229-245.

Simms, M. J., 1990, Chapter 8. Crinoids (p. 188-204). In McNamara, K. J., ed Evolutionary Trends: London, Belhaven Press, 368 p.

Simms, M. J., 1994a, The fossil record 2: London, Chapman and Hall, 844 p. (nonsystematic, family ranges, and give first and last genera of families)

Simms, M. J., 1994b, Reinterpretation of thecal plate homology and phylogeny in the Class Crinoidea: Lethaia, v. 26, p. 303-312.

Simms, M. J., Gale, A. S., Gilliland, P., Rose, E.P.F., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1993, Chapter 25, Echinodermata (p. 491-528). In Benton, M. L., ed, The fossil record 2: London, Chapman and Hall, 844 p. (family ranges, and give first and last genera of families)

Simms, M. J., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1993, The origin of articulate crinoids: Palaeontology, v. 36, p. 91-109.

Simon, P. R., and Geizer, H. N., 1976, A pluricolumnal assemblage from the Ames Limestone in eastern Ohio: The Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 53, p. 85-106.

Simon, W., 1950, Der Genotypus Acanthocrinus longispina F. A. Roemer (Rhodocrinitidae, Camerata, Crinoidea): Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, v. 12, p. 363-370.

Simpson, R. D., 1976, Crown of Cibolocrinus typus Weller from Wolfcampian, Alacran Mountain Formation of the Franklin Mountains, Texas. In LeMone, D. V., ed, El Paso Geologic Society Symposium on the Stratigraphy and Structure of the Franklin Mountains, p. 83-86.

Sinclair, G. W., 1945, Some Ordovician echinoderms from Oklahoma: American Midlands Naturalist, v. 34, no. 3, p. 707-716, 2 pl.

Sinclair, G. W., 1954, The age of the Ordovician Kirkfield Formation in Ontario: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 54, p. 31-41.

Sinclair, G. W., Copeland, M. J., and Bolton, T. E., 1969, Ordovician fossils from Lakefield quarry. In Hewitt, D.F., ed, Geology and Scenery Peterborough, Bancroft and Madoc Area: Geological Guidebook No. 3, Ontario Department Mines, p. 24-29, photos 7-9.

Sisova, E. N., 1960, Znachenie iskoraemikh steblei morskikh lilii dlia stratigrafii devona i karbona Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [Significance of crinoid stems for the Devonian and Carboniferous stratigraphy of central Kazakhstan] In Sbornik statei Materialy po geologii i poleznym iskopaemym Altaia i Kazakhstana [Collected articles on materials on the geology and mineral resources of Altay and Kazakhstan]: Vsesoyuznii Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, v. 33, p. 51-65. (In Russian)

Sisova, E. N., 1977, Novie pozdnedevonskie i rannekamennougolnie morskie lilii Kazakhstana V kn. Novie vidi drevnikh restenii i bespozvonochnikh SSSR [New Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous crinoids from Kazakhstan In Stukalina, G. A., ed, New species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Paleontological Institute, v. 4, p. 160-163, pl. 32. (In Russian)

Sisova, E. N., 1979, Floritsiklidi pozdnego devona Vostochnogo Kazakhstana i Srednei Azii [Floricyclids of the Late Devonian of eastern Kazakhstan and central Asia]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 22, p. 166-172, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Sisova, E. N., 1981, Novie kamennougolnie platikrinitidiiz Kazakhstana [New Carboniferous platycrinitids from Kazakhstan]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 24, p. 205-214, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Sisova, E. N., l983, O nekotorykh floritsiklidakh devona i carbona tsentralnogo i yuzhnogo Kazakhstana (Crinoidea) [About some floricyclids from the Devonian and Carboniferous of central and southern Kazakhstan (Crinoidea)]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshestva, v. 26, p. 263-275, l pl. (In Russian)

Sisova, E. N., 1988, Pozdnefamenskie krinoidei Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [Late Famennian crinoids of central Kazakhstan]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 31, p. 146-159, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Skoropistseva, D. E., 1969, Pozdnepakeozoiskie Morskie Lilii Sobetskoy i arubekhnoy arktiki [Late Paleozoic crinoids from the Soviet and Frontier Arctic]: Naucho-Issledovatelskii Institut Geologicheskii Artiki, Uchenie Zapiski Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya, Leningrad, v. 25, p. 30-57, 7 pl. (In Russian)

Skwarko, S. K., and Yusuf, G., 1982, Bibliography of the invertebrate macrofossils of Indonesia (with cross-reference Geological Research and Development Centre): Republic of Indonesia, special publication, v. 3, p.1-66. (nonsystematic)

Sladen, P. W., 1878, On the genus Poteriocrinus and allied forms: West Riding Geological and Polytechnical Society, Proceedings, n. s., v. 1, p. 242-253, pl. 10.

Slocom, A. W., 1906, A list of Devonian fossils collected in Western New York, with notes on their stratigraphic distribution: Field Columbian Museum, Publication 113, Geology Series, v. 2, no. 8, p. 257-265. (nonsystematic)

Slocom, A. W., 1907, New crinoids from the Chicago area: Field Columbian Museum, Publication 123, Geology Series, v. 2, no. 10, p. 273-306, pl. 82-87.

Slocom, A. W., and Foerste, A. F., 1924, New echinoderms from the Maquoketa beds of Fayette County, Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey, v. 29, p. 318-383, pl. 29-34; part I by Slocom, p. 320-344, pl. 29-30; part II by Foerste, p. 345-369, pl. 31-34.

Smith, A. B., 1984, Classification of the Echinodermata: Palaeontology, v. 27, p. 431-460.

Smith, A. B., 1985, Crinoidea. In Echinodermata, Chapter 7. In Murray, J. W., ed, Atlas of invertebrate macrofossils: The Palaeontological Association, p. 153-181, pl. 7.1.1-7.8.1.

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Smith, A. B., 1990a, Chapter 17. Biomineralization in echinoderms. In Carter, J. G., ed, Skeletal biomineralization: patterns, processes and evolutionary trends: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, v. 1, p. 413-443.

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Smith, A. B., 1992, Echinoderm phylogeny: morphology and molecules approach accord: Trends in Ecological Evolution, v. 7, no. 7, p. 224-229.

Smith, A. B., 1997, Echinoderm phylogeny: how congruent are morphological and molecular estimates? In Waters, J. A., and Maples, C. G., eds, Geobiology of echinoderms: The Paleontological Society Papers, v. 3, p. 337-355.

Smith, D., 1915, Fossils in the Paisley Museum: Transactions of the Paisley Naturalists Society, v. 2, p. 89-103. (unseen) (nonsystematic)

Smith, J. 1911, Carboniferous limestone rocks of the Isle of Man. Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, v. 14, p. 119-164, pls. 16-26.

Smith, J. P., 1897, On the grasping power of Carboniferous crinoid "fingers" or "branches" and a speculation as to whether the bulk of the Carboniferous Crinoidea were fixed or floating animals: Transactions of the Natural History Society of Glasglow, v. 5, p. 58-61.

Smith, S., 1910, The faunal succession of the upper Bernician: Transactions of the Northumberland Natural History Society, v. 24, p. 591-645, pl. 16-18.

Smith, W. H., Nance, R. B., Hopkins, M. E., Johnson, R. G., and Shabica, C. W., 1970, Depositional environments in parts of the Carbondale Formation-western and northern Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Guidebook Series, v. 8, p. 1-119.

Smosna, R. A., and Maxwell, T. C., 1989, Stromatoporoid reefs and banks in the Silurian of the Appalachian Basin. In Geldsetzer, H.H.J., James, N. P., and Tebbutt, G. E., eds, Reefs, Canada and adjacent area: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 13, p. 350-355.

Smosna, R. A., and Warshauer, S. M., 1979, A very Early Devonian patch reef and its ecological setting: Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 142-172.

Smycka, F., 1905, Novejsí nálezy v celechovském devonu: Vestnik Klubu Prírodovedeského v Prostefove za rok 1904, v. 7, p. 53-72, 1 pl. (In Polish)

Smyth, L. B., 1930, The Carboniferous rocks of Hook Head, Co. Wexford: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, v. 29, pt. B, p. 523-566, pl. 15-20.

Sobolew, D., 1909, II. Srednii Devon. Kieletsko-sandomirskago kryazha [II. Middle Devonian. Kielce-Sandmir Mountains]: Material dlya Geolygii Rossii, Izdanie Imperatorskago Mineralogicheskago Obshchestva, v. 24, p. 41-536, 6 pl. (echinoderms p. 511-512, pl. 5) (Reference also listed as Materialien zur Geologie Russlands, Herangegeben von der Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft.) (In Russian)

Sollas, W. J., 1900, Fossils in the Oxford University Museum. II. On two new genera and species of Crinoidea (Brahmacrinus ponderosus and Cicerocrinus elegans): Quaterly Journal of the London Geological Society, v. 56, p. 264-272, pl. 16.

Solov'yev, A. N., 1975, II vesevoyuznii kollokvium-shkola po iglokozhim [Second All Union Colloquium on Echinoderms]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 138-139. (In Russian)

Solov'yev, A. N., 1990, O vysshikh taksonakh iglokozhikh [On higher echinoderm taxa]. In Menner, V. V., ed, Sistematika i filogeniya Bespozvonochnykh [Taxonomy and phylogeny of Invertebrata]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Moskovskoe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, p. 132-146. (In Russian) (nonsystematic)

Solov'yev, A. N., and Arendt, Yu. A., 1975, Sovetsko-Yaponskii simpozium "Biologiya morskikh molluyskov i iglokozhikh" [Soviet-Japanese symposium on "Biology of marine molluscs and echinoderms"]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 137-138. (In Russian)

Solov'yeva, M. V., 1984, Novyi rod krinoidei kamerat iz Karbona Urala [A new genus of camerate crinoid from the Carboniferous of the Urals]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no.4, p. 114-118. (In Russian)

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Speyer, S. E., and Brett, C. E., 1991, Chapter 11. Taphofacies controls. Background and episodic processes in fossil assemblage preservation. In Allison, P. A., and Briggs, D.E.G., eds, Taphonomy: releasing the data locked in the fossil record: New York, Plenum Press, Topics in Geobiology, v. 9, p. 501-545. (nonsystematic, diagrammatic crinoid illustrations)

Spiers, W., 1889, Some remarkable fossils: The Wesley Naturalist, v. 3, no. 3, p. 178-182.

Spreng, W. P. and Parks, J. M., 1953, Evolution in basal plates of monocyclic camerate crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 27, p. 585-595.

Spriestersbach, J., 1919, Neue Versteinerungen aus dem Lenneschiefer: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 38 (1917), no. 1, p. 434-512, pl. 24-39.

Springer, F., 1884, Occurrence of the Lower Burlington Limestone in New Mexico: American Journal of Science, v. 26, p. 97-103. (nonsystematic)

Springer, F., 1900, On the presence of pores in the ventral sac in Fistulate crinoids: American Geologist, v. 26, p. 133-151, pl. 16.

Springer, F., 1902, On the crinoid genera Sagenocrinus, Forbesiocrinus, and allied forms: American Geologist, v. 30, p. 88-97.

Springer, F., 1905, Cleiocrinus. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, v. 25, no. 2, p. 93-112, 1 pl.

Springer, F., 1906, Discovery of the disk of Onychocrinus and further remarks on the Crinoidea Flexibilia: Journal of Geology, v. 14, p. 467-523, pl. 4-7.

Springer, F., 1911a, The crinoid fauna of the Knobstone Formation: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 41, p. 175-208.

Springer, F., 1911b, On a Trenton echinoderm fauna: Canada Department Mines, Memoir 15-P, p. 1-70, 5 pl.

Springer, F., 1911c, Some new American fossil crinoids: Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, v. 25, no. 3, p. 117-161, 6 pl.

Springer, F., 1913, Crinoidea. In Zittel, K. A. von, Text-book of paleontology (translated and edited by C. R. Eastman). 2nd edit.: London, Macmillan & Co., Ltd., v. 1, p. 173-243.

Springer, F., 1914, Postscript. In Wright, J., 1914: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 10, p. 161.

Springer, F., 1917, On the crinoid genus Scyphocrinus and its bulbous root Camarocrinus: Smithsonian Institution Publication 2440, p. 1-75, 9 pl.

Springer, F., 1918, On Mysticocrinus, a new genus of Silurian crinoidea: American Journal of Science, v. 46, p. 666-669, pl. 2.

Springer, F., 1919a, New species of crinoid. In Williams, N.Y., The Silurian geology and faunas of Ontario Peninsula, and Manitoulin and adjacent island: Canada Department Mines, Geological Survey Memoir 111, p. 127.

Springer, F., 1919b, In Foerste, A. F., Notes on Isotelus, Acrolichas, Calymene, and Encrinurus: Bulletin of the Scientific Laboratories of Denison University, v. 19, no. 5, p. 65-81. (Crinoids, p. 81)

Springer, F., 1920a, The Crinoidea Flexibilia: Smithsonian Institution Publication 2501, v. 1, p. 1-486, v.2, pl. A-C, 1-76.

Springer, F., 1920b, Communication. In Haarmann, E., Die Botryocriniden und Lophocriniden des rheinischen Devons: Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 21, no. 1, pt. 1, p. 72-73.

Springer, F., 1921a, The fossil crinoid genus Dolatocrinus and its allies: Smithsonian Institute U.S. National Museum, Bulletin 115, p. 1-78, 16 pl.

Springer, F., 1921b, New species of Devonian Crinoidea from Northern Canada: Canada Department of Mines Gelogical Survey, Bulletin 33 (old ser.), p. 15-18, pl. 1.

Springer, F., 1923a, On the fossil crinoid family Catillocrinidae: Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, v. 76, no. 3, p. 1-41, 5 pl.

Springer, F., 1923b, Note regarding new genera of the Crinoidea Flexibilia. Washington, D. C., 1 p. (nonsystematic, a loose leaf printed for insertion in The Crinoidea Flexibilia, 1920a)

Springer, F., 1923c, Communication. In Wright, J., 1923: Geological Magazine, v. 60, p. 481-482.

Springer, F., 1924, A remarkable fossil echinoderm fauna in the East Indies: American Journal of Science, v. 8, p. 325-335. (nonsystematic)

Springer, F., 1926a, American Silurian Crinoids: Smithsonian Institution Publication, 2872, p. 1-239, 33 pl.

Springer, F., 1926b, Unusual forms of fossil crinoids: Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, v. 67, no. 9, p. 1-137, 26 pl.

Springer, F., 1926c, Upper Devonian crinoids from the Mackenzie River valley: Canada Geological Survey, Museum Bulletin 42, p. 127-132, pl. 24.

Springer, F., 1929, Echinodermata. In Twenhofel, W. A., Geology of Anticosti Island: Canada Geological Survey Memoir 154 (1927), p. 1-481, 60 pl. (Crinoids p. 137-140, pl. 4)

Springer, F. and Slocom, A.W., 1906, Hypsocrinus, a new genus of crinoids from the Devonian: Field Columbia Museum Publication, 114, Geology Series v. 2, no. 9, p. 267-271, pl. 81.

Sprinkle, J., 1971, Stratigraphic distribution of echinoderm plates in the Antelope Valley Limetstone of Nevada and California: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 750-D, p. D89-D98.

Sprinkle, J., 1973a, Morphology and evolution of blastozoan echinoderms: Harvard University Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication, 283 p., 43 pl.

Sprinkle, J., 1973b, Tripatocrinus, a new Hypocrinid crinoid based on disarticulated plates from the Antelope Valley Limestone of Nevada and California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 47, p. 861-882, 3 pl.

Sprinkle, J., 1976a, Classification and phylogeny of "pelmatozoan" echinoderms: Systematic Zoology, v. 25, p. 83-91.

Sprinkle, J., 1976b, Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of Cambrian echinoderms from the Rocky Mountains: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 23, no. 2, p. 61-73.

Sprinkle, J., 1980a, An overview of the fossil record. In Broadhead, T. W., and Waters, J. A., eds, Echinoderms, notes for a short course: University of Tennessee, Studies in Geology, v. 3, p. 15-26.

Sprinkle, J., 1980b, Early diversification. In Broadhead, T. W., and Waters, J. A., eds, Echinoderms, notes for a short course: University of Tennessee, Studies in Geology, v. 3, p. 86-93.

Sprinkle, J., 1981, Diversity and evolutionary patterns of Cambrian echinoderms. In Taylor, M. E., ed, Short papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 81-743, p. 219-221.

Sprinkle, J., (editor and author of several sections) 1982, Echinoderm faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1, p. 1-369, 42 pl.

Sprinkle, J., 1983, Patterns and problems in echinoderm evolution. In Jangoux M., and Lawrence, J. M., eds, Echinoderm Studies: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, v. 1, p. 1-18.

Sprinkle, J., 1992, Chapter 11. Radiation of Echinodermata. In Lipps, J. H., and Signor, P. W., eds, Origin and early evolution of the metazoa: New York, Plenum Press, p. 375-398.

Sprinkle, J., and Collins, D., 1999, Revision of Echmatocrinus from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia: Lethaia, v. 31, p. 269-282.

Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T. E. 1993, Echinoderm biostratigraphy. In Ross, R. J., Jr. and others, The Ibexian Series (Lower Ordovician), a replacement for " Canadian Series" in North American chronostratigraphy: U. S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 93-598, p. 61-63, pl. 3. (nonsystematic)

Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T. E., 1995, Origin of echinoderms in the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna: the role of substrates: Palaios, v. 10, p. 437-453. (nonsystematic)

Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T. E., 1997a, Early radiation of echinoderms. In Waters, J. A., and Maples, C. G., eds, Geobiology of echinoderms: The Paleontological Society Papers, v. 3, p. 205-224.

Sprinkle, J., and Guensburg, T. E., 1997b, Appendix 4. Echinoderm biostratigraphy. In Ross, R. J., Hintze, L. f., Ethington, R. L., Miller, J. F., Taylor, M. E., and Repetski, J. E., The Ibexian, lowermost series in the North American Ordovician: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1579-A, p. 49-50. (nonsystematic)

Sprinkle, J., and Kolata, D. R., 1982, "Rhomb-bearing" camerate. In Sprinkle, J., ed, Echinoderm faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1, p. 206-211.

Sprinkle, J., and Wahlman, G. P., 1994, New echinoderms from the Early Ordovician of west Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 68, p. 324-338.

Stache, G., 1883, Fragmente einer afrikanischen Kohlenkalkfauna aus dem Gebiete der West-Sahara: Denckschriften der Kaiserlich Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien, v. 46, p. 369-418, pl. 1-7.

Stainbrook, M. A., 1937, New echinoderms from the Devonian Cedar Valley Formation of Iowa: American Midlands Naturalist, v. 18, p. 899-904, 1 pl.

Stainbrook, M. A., 1950, The fauna and correlation of the McCraney Limestone of Iowa and Illinois: American Journal of Science, v. 248, p. 194-213.

Stauffer, C. R., 1918, Descriptions of some new species of Devonian fossils: Journal of Geology, v. 26, p. 555-560, pl. 1-3.

Steele, H. M., and Sinclair, G. W., 1971, A Middle Ordovician fauna from Braeside, Ottawa Valley, Ontario: Geological Survey Canada, Bulletin 211, p. 1-97, 23 pl.

Steenstrup, J.J.S., 1847, Gebirgsarten und Versteinerungen vom Museum der Kopenhagener Universität. In Michaelis, G. A., and Scherk, H. F., Amtlicher Bericht über die 24: Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte in Kiel, Akademische Bunhhandlung, 1846, p. 117-119. (nonsystematic)

Stefani, C. de, 1917, Fossili carboniferi dell Isola d'Elba: Palaeontographia Italica, v. 23, p. 1-53, pl. 1-4.

Steininger, J., 1831, Bermerkungen über die Versteinuerungen, welche in dem Übergangskalkgebirge der Eifel gefunden werden. p. 1-44, Trier.

Steininger, J., 1834, Observations sur les fossiles du calcaire intermédiaire de l'Eifel: Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, (1833), v. 1, no. 2, pt. 15, p. 331-371, pl. 20-23. [Translated from the German by M. J. Domnando.]

Steininger, J., 1835, Sur une nouvelle Encrine (Halocrinites) et une Helice de l'Eifel: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1834-1835), v. 6, p. 169-170.

 Steininger, J., 1837, Notes from meeting in which 2 new genera, with their types were published: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, v. 8, p. 230-232.

Steininger, J, 1838, Description de Halocrinites pyramidalis: Paris, Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (1837-1838), v. 9, p. 295.

Steininger, J., 1849, Die Versteinerungen des Uebergangs-Gebirges der Eifel: Jahresbericht über den Schul-Cursus 1848/49 an dem Gymnasium zu Trier, p. 1-50. (Crinoids, p. 21-22, by Schnur)

Steininger, J., 1853, Geognostische Beschreibung der Eifel: Trier, Fr. Lints, 143 p., 9 pl., map,. (Crinoids, p. 38, by Schnur)

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Steinmann, G., and Hoek, H., 1912, Das Silur und Cambrian des Hochlandes von Bolivia und ihre Fauna: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Stuttgart Beilage, v. 34, p. 176-252, pl. 7-14.

Stemmerik, L., 1989, Crinoid-bryozoan reef mounds, Upper Carboniferous Amdrup Land, eastern north Greenland. In Geldsetzer, H.H.J., James, N. P., and Tebbutt, G. E., eds, Reefs, Canada and adjacent area: Canadian Society Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 13, p. 690-694.

Stepanov, P., 1908, Verkhne-siluriyskaya fauna iz okrestnostey ozera Balkhash [Upper Silurian fauna from the vicinity of the Balches Sea]: Verhandlungen der Russisch-Kaiserlichen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft zu St. Petersburg, p. 161-202. (In Russian)

Stephenson, D. G., 1967, Pentameral symmetry in echinoderms: Nature, v. 216, p. 994.

Stephenson, D. G., 1980, Symmetry and suspension-feeding in Pelmatozoan echinoderms. In Janqoux, M., ed, Echinoderms: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, Present and Past, p. 53-58.

Sternberg, K., 1829, IIte Rede in der allgemeinem Sitzung des Museums in Prag am 30ten März 1829: Monatschrift der Gesellschaft des Vaterländischer Museums in Böhmen, v. 5, p. 302, 376, pl. 1.

Stewart, G. A., 1927, Fauna of the Silica Shale of Lucas County: Ohio Geological Survey, Bulletin ser. 4, v. 32, p. 1-176, 5 pl.

Stewart, G. A., 1940, Crinoids from the Silica Shale, Devonian, of Ohio: Ohio Journal of Science, v. 4, no. 2, p. 53-60, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1938, A group of crinoids from the Pennsylvanian of northeastern Oklahoma: Private Publication, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, p. 1-17, 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1939a, A group of Pennsylvanian crinoids from the vicinity of Bartlesville, Oklahoma: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 24, no. 87, p. 1-26, pl. 27-29. (Separate paginated 1-26, pl. 1-3)

Strimple, H. L., 1939b, Eight species of Pennsylvanian crinoids: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 25, no. 89, p. 1-16, pl. 2-3. (Separate paginated 1-16, pl. 1-2)

Strimple, H. L., 1940a, Some new crinoid species from the Morrow Subseries: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 25, no. 91, p. 91-98, pl. 1. (Separate paginated 1-10)

Strimple, H. L., 1940b, Four new crinoid species from the Wewoka Formation: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 25, no. 9, p. 101-108, 1 pl. (Separate paginated 1-9)

Strimple, H. L., 1940c, Stellarocrinus new name for Whiteocrinus Strimple: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 25, no. 92A, p. 109-112, pl. 10. (Separate paginated 1-4, 1 pl.)

Strimple, H. L., 1947, Three new crinoid species from the Virgil Series of southeastern Kansas: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 31, no. 124, p. 1-12, 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1948a, Peremistocrinus [sic] from the Dewey Limestone Formation, Oklahoma: Geological Magazine, v. 85, p. 113-116, pl. 10.

Strimple, H. L., 1948b, Notes on the stratigraphy and paleontology of the Carboniferous of Belgium: Earth Science Digest, v. 2, no. 8, p. 19-22.

Strimple, H. L., 1948c, Crinoid studies: Part I, Two new species of Allagecrinus from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas and Texas; Part II, Apographiocrinus from the Altamont Limestone of Oklahoma: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 32, p. 130, p. 16 p., 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1948d, A peculiar manifestation among crinoids: Earth Science Digest, v. 2, no., p. 17-18.

Strimple, H. L., 1948e, Notes on Phanocrinus from the Fayetteville Formation of northeastern Oklahoma: Journal of Paleontology, v. 22, p. 490-493, p. 77.

Strimple, H. L., 1949a, Mooreocrinus bowsheri, new species from the Chester series of northeastern Oklahoma: American Journal of Science, v. 247, p. 128-131, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1949b, Evolution of Delocrinus to Paradelocrinus, and description of Stuartwellercrinus argentinei sp. nov.: Geological Magazine, v. 86, p. 123-127, pl. 4.

Strimple, H. L., 1949c, Crinoid studies: Part III, Apographiocrinus arcuatus, new species from the Missouri Series of Oklahoma; Part IV, Exocrinus, a new genus from the Missouri Series of Oklahoma; Part V, Allosocrinus, a new crinoid genus from the Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma; Part VI, Allagecrinus copani, new species from the Pennsylvanian for Oklahoma; Part VII, New species of crinoids from southeastern Kansas: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 32, no. 133, p. 1-42, 7 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1949d, Studies of Carboniferous crinoids: Part I, A group of Pennsylvanian crinoids from the Ardmore Basin; Part II, Delocrinids of the Brownville Formation of Oklahoma; Part III, Description of two new cromyocrinids from the Pennsylvanian of Nebraska; Part IV, On new species of Alcimocrinus and Ulrichicrinus from the Fayetteville Formation of Oklahoma: Palaeontographica Americana, v. 3, no. 23, p. 1-30, 5 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1949e, Two new species of Acrocrinus: American Journal of Science, v. 247, p. 900-904, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1949f, Hybocrinus crinerensis, new species from the Ordovician of Oklahoma: American Journal of Science, v. 247, p. 131-133, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1950a, Emendation of Endocrinus tumidus (Strimple): Journal of Paleontology, v. 24, p.112-113.

Strimple, H. L., 1950b, New species of Utharocrinus and Lasanocrinus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 24, p. 571-574, pl. 77.

Strimple, H. L., 1951a, Pennsylvanian crinoids from Lake Bridgeport, Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 25, p. 200-207, pl. 36-39.

Strimple, H. L., 1951b, New species of crinoids from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 25, p. 372-376, pl. 56-57.

Strimple, H. L., 1951c, Some new species of Carboniferous crinoids: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 33, no. 137, p. 1-40, pl. 25-29.

Strimple, H. L., 1951d, New Desmoinesian crinoids: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 41, p. 191-194, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1951e, New crinoids from the Pitkin of Oklahoma: Journal of the Washington Academy of Sicence, v. 41, p. 260-263, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1951f, New Carboniferous crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 25, p. 669-676, pl. 98-99.

 Strimple, H. L., 1951g, Notes on Phanocrinus cylindricus and description of new species of Chester crinoids: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 41, p. 291-294, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1952a, The arms of Polusocrinus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 42, p. 12-14, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1952b, Some new species of crinoids from the Henryhouse Formation of Oklahoma: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 42, p. 75-79, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1952c, Notes on Texacrinus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 42, p. 216-220, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1952d, The arms of Haerteocrinus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 42, p. 245-248, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1952e, The arms of Perimestocrinus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 26, p. 784-788, pl. 112-113.

Strimple, H. L., 1952f, New species of Lecanocrinus: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 42, p. 318-323, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1953a, A new species of Archaeocrinus from Oklahoma: Journal of Paleontology, v. 27, p. 604-606, pl. 1.

Strimple, H. L., 1953b, A new species of Carinocrinus from Oklahoma: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 43, p. 201-203, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1954a, New species of Plummericrinus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 28, p. 204-207, pl. 23.

Strimple, H. L., 1954b, Two new crinoid species from the Henryhouse of Oklahoma: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 44, p. 280-284.

Strimple, H. L., 1955, A new species of Cymbiocrinus from the Pitkin: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 45, p. 14.

Strimple, H. L., 1957, Two aberrant crinoid specimens: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 47, p. 369.

Strimple, H. L., 1959a, Crinoids from the Missourian near Bartlesville, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 19, p. 115-127, 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1959b, The occurrence of Galateacrinus allisoni in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 19, p. 195-196.

Strimple, H. L., 1960a, The genus Paragassizocrinus in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey, Circular 55, p. 1-37, 3 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1960b, Regressive evolution among erisocrinids: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 20, p. 151-155.

Strimple, H. L., 1960c, A new cromyocrinid from Brazil: Bulletin de la Societie Brasilian Geologists, v. 9, p. 75-77.

Strimple, H. L., 1960d, The posterior interradius of Carboniferous inadunate crinoids of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 20, p. 247-253.

Strimple, H. L., 1961a, Notes on two Chester crinoids: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 23-25.

Strimple, H. L., 1961b, An unusual Agassizocrinus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 158-161.

Strimple, H. L., 1961c, New species of Bronaughocrinus and Stuartwellercrinus from the Carboniferous of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 186-189, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1961d, New Paradelocrinus from Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 225-229, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1961e, Additional notes concerning Paragassizocrinus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 294-298, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1961f, Morrowan Hydriocrinus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 306-307.

Strimple, H. L., 1961g, Late Desmoinesian crinoids: Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin v. 93, p. 1-189, 19 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1962a, Platycrinitid columnals from the Pumpkin Creek Limestone: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 3-5.

Strimple, H. L., 1962b, Endelocrinus bransoni, a new species from the Lenapah Limestone: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 28-29.

Strimple, H. L., 1962c, Crinoids of the Brownville Formation: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 109-110.

Strimple, H. L., 1962d, Tarachiocrinus and Tholiacrinus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 135-136.

Strimple, H. L.,1962e, Crinoids from the Oologah Formation: Oklahoma Geological Survey, Circular 60, p. 1-75, 9 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1962f, Graphiocrinus stantonensis in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 137-140.

Strimple, H. L., 1962g, Associated Cryphiocrinus and Agassizocrinus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 183-188.

Strimple, H. L., 1962h, Microcrinoids of the St. Joe Group: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 245-246.


Strimple, H. L., 1962i, Suppression of Ethelocrinus texasensis: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 270-272.

Strimple, H. L., 1962j, Zeacrinites in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 22, p. 307-316, 1 pl. 7.

Strimple, H. L., 1963a, Class Crinoidea. In Mudge, M. R. and Yochelson, E. L., Stratigraphy and paleontology of the uppermost Pennsylvanian and lowermost Permian Rocks in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 323, p. 1-213, 17 pl. (Crinoids p. 67-74, pl. 11-12).

Strimple, H. L., 1963b, Dasciocrinus in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 23, p. 101-107, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1963c, A new species of Graphiocrinus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 23, p. 191-194.

Strimple, H. L., 1963d, Crinoids of the Hunton Group: Oklahoma Geological Survey Bulletin 100, p. 1-169, 12 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1966a, New species of cromyocrinids from Oklahoma and Arkansas: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 26, p. 3-12, 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1966b, A unique crinoid from the Upper Permian: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 26, p. 80-84.

Strimple, H. L., 1966c, Some notes concerning the Allagecrinidae: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 26, p. 99-111, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1967, Aphelecrinidae, a new family of inadunate crinoids: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 27, p. 81-85, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1968, Paracromyocrinus marquisi from the Savanna Formation, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 28, p. 33-36.

Strimple, H. L., 1969a, Crinoid discovered in drill core: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 29, p. 65.

Strimple, H. L., 1969b, New Lecanocrinid from Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 1, p. 1-5, fig. 1.

Strimple, H. L., 1969c, Upper Pennsylvanian anobasicrinid from New Mexico. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 2, p. 8-10, fig. 3.

Strimple, H. L., 1969d, Pennsylvanian crinoids from Ohio and Oklahoma. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 3, p. 11-16, figs. 4-5.

Strimple, H. L., 1970, Echinoderm zonules in the Devonian of Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 77, p. 249-256.

Strimple, H. L., 1971a, Ethelocrinids from the Vicinity of Bartlesville, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 31, p. 80-81.

Strimple, H. L., 1971b, Crinoids from the Vinland Shale (Virgilian) of Kansas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, p. 998-1000, pl. 123.

Strimple, H. L., 1971c, A Permian crinoid from Coahuila, Mexico: Journal of Paleontology, v. 45, p. 1040-1042.

Strimple, H. L., 1971d, The occurrence of Hydriocrinus in Oklahoma and Russia. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 3, p. 16-18, fig. 6.

Strimple, H. L., 1971e, Agnostocrinus from the Upper Permian of Texas. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper v. 56, no. 7, p. 31-32, fig. 13.

Strimple, H. L., 1972a, Concerning Ordovician Neoarchaeocrinus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 450-451.

Strimple, H. L., 1972b, Occurrence of Tundracrinus in Oklahoma: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 598-599.

Strimple, H. L., 1972c, The Genus Parazophocrinus from the Henryhouse Formation (Silurian), Pontotoc County, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 32, p. 119-121.

Strimple, H. L., 1972d, Crinoids of the Savanna Formation (Pennsylvanian) Wagoner County, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 32, p. 147-148.

Strimple, H. L., 1972e, Porosity of a fossil crinoid ossicle: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 920-921.

Strimple, H. L., 1972f, Crinoids of Tulsa County, Oklahoma: Tulsa Geological Society Digest, v. 37, p. 143-147.

Strimple, H. L., 1973a, Delocrinus brownvillensis Strimple from the vicinty of Fairfax, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 33, p. 17-21.

Strimple, H. L., 1973b, The arms of Ulocrinus buttsi: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 33, p. 111-114.

Strimple, H. L., 1973c, A crinoid crown preserved in Lower Pennsylvanian conglomerate near Fayetteville, Arkansas: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 33, p. 165-167.

Strimple, H. L., 1973d, Aenigmocrinus, a new Chesteran crinoid genus. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 3, p. 15-18.

Strimple, H. L., 1973e, The Inadunate crinoid genus Heliosocrinus. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 4, p. 18-21.

Strimple, H. L. 1973f, Notes on Mississippian Ampelocriniade. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 5, p. 21-24.

Strimple, H. L., 1973g, Tegminal structure of some Inadunate crinoids. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 7, p. 27-33.

Strimple, H. L., 1974a, A preliminary study of echinoderms with the aid of a scanning electron microscope: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 81, no. 2, p. 51-55.

Strimple, H. L., 1974b, Abyssocrinus from the Haragan Formation (Devonian) of southern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 34, p. 160-162.

Strimple, H. L., 1975a, The crinoid genus Sygcaulocrinus from Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 81, no. 3, p. 116-118.

Strimple, H. L., 1975b, Megaliocrinus johnsoni, a new camerate crinoid species from Middle Pennsylvanian Rocks of Illinois: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 81, no. 3, p. 119-121.

Strimple, H. L., 1975c, A rare inadunate crinoid from the Barnsdall Formation (Upper Pennsylvanian) of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 35, p. 23-26.

Strimple, H. L., 1975d, The fascination of crinoids: Earth Science, v. 28, no. 3, p. 117-121.

Strimple, H. L., 1975e, Middle Pennsylvanian (Atokan) crinoids from Oklahoma and Missouri: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 76, p. 1-30.

Strimple, H. L., 1975f, Erratum: Lower Pennsylvanian (Morrowan) crinoids from Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 76, p. 30.

Strimple, H. L., 1975g, The rare inadunate crinoid genus Thalamocrinus: Southeastern Geology, v. 16, p. 249-253.

Strimple, H. L., 1975h, A Morrowan crinoid fauna from the Hueco Mountains of Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, p. 702-705, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1975i, New Chesterian Upper Mississippian crinoids from Illinois: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 79, p. 1-9, 3 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1975j, Crowns of Parapisocrinus from Oklahoma and Tennessee: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 35, p. 197-199.

Strimple, H. L., 1975k, Bottom-dwelling hybocrinids from Kentucky: Southeastern Geology, v. 17, no. 1, p. 51-53.

Strimple, H. L., 1976a, Introduction to a new series of studies of Ordovician echinoderms: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 82, p. 124-125.

Strimple, H. L., 1976b, Erisocrinids (Crinoidea-Inadunata) from Middle Pennsylvanian rocks of Iowa and Colorado: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 82, p. 126-129, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1976c, The inadunate crinoid genus Mooreocrinus in Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 36, p. 161-165.

Strimple, H. L., 1976d, Petalambicrinus, a new inadunate crinoid genus from the Missourian of Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 865-868, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1976e, Two new species of Agassizocrinus from northern Alabama: Southeastern Geology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 29-35.

Strimple, H. L., 1976f, Upper Carboniferous crinoids of northeast Spain: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, v. 10, p. 630-640.

Strimple, H. L., 1977a, A youthful specimen of Stenopecrinus ornatus (Crinoidea. Inadunata): Journal of Paleontology, v. 51, p. 423-424.

Strimple, H. L., 1977b, Aphelecrinus (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from Chesterian rocks of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 37, p. 23-25.

Strimple, H. L., 1977c, The inadunate crinoid genus Cryphiocrinus Kirk: Geological Magazine, v. 114, p. 209-214, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1977d, Chesterian (Upper Mississippian) and Morrowan (Lower Pennsylvanian) crinoids of northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas: Oklahoma Geological Survey Guidebook 18, p. 171-176.

Strimple, H. L., 1977e, Possible commensal relationship between Edriocrinus and the bulbous float of Scyphocrinites (Crinoidea. Echinodermata): Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 37, p. 171-174.

Strimple, H. L., 1977f, Notes concerning Delocrinus and Graffhamicrinus (Crinoidea. Inadunata): Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 84, no. 4, p. 157-162.

Strimple, H. L., 1978a, Ambulacral covering plates and plates covering the oral field in Stellarocrinus (Crinoidea): Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 209-211.

Strimple, H. L., 1978b, Currrent status of Agassizocrinus hemisphericus Worthen from Randolph County, Illinois: Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science (1977), v. 69, no. 4, p. 494-497.

Strimple, H. L., 1978c, Flexible crinoids from Pitkin Formation (Chesterian) of Oklahoma and Arkansas: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 38, p. 61-65.

 

Strimple, H. L., 1978d, Occurrence of Cranocrinus Wanner in North America: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 85, no. 1, p. 21-24.

Strimple, H. L., 1979, A new Lampadosocrinus from the Upper Carboniferous of Oklahoma, U.S.A: Geological Magazine, v. 116, p. 45-48.

Strimple, H. L., 1980a, The camerate crinoid genus Dichocrinus in Morrowan rocks of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 40, p. 107-109.

Strimple, H. L., 1980b, Pennsylvanian crinoids from Sangre de Cristo and Sacramento Mountains of New Mexico. New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources, Circular 178, p. 1-17, 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1980c, A new occurrence of the inadunate crinoid genus Microcaracrinus: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 87, no. 2, p. 76-78.

Strimple, H. L., 1981a, Delocrinus subhemisphericus Moore and Plummer, type species of Delocrinus Miller and Gurley: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 272-273.

Strimple, H. L., 1981b, Thalamocrinus cf. elongatus Springer from the Henryhouse Formation (Silurian) of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 41, p. 116-119.

Strimple, H. L., 1981c, Exochocrinus in Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 41, p. 44-48.

Strimple, H. L., 1982a, The Chesteran crinoid species Agassizocrinus dissimilis Weller: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 1133-1137, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., 1982b, An exceptional inadunate crinoid crown from the Morrowan (Lower Pennsylvanian) of Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 42, p. 200-202.

Strimple, H. L., 1984, Atokan crinoids. In Sutherland, P. K., and Manger, W. L., eds, The Atokan Series (Pennsylvanian) and its boundaries--a symposium: Oklahoma Geological Survey, Bulletin 136, p. 169-173.

Strimple, H. L. Allison, R. C., and Kline, G. L., 1971, Pennsylvanian crinoids from Alaska, Part 2. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 2, p. 9-15.

Strimple, H. L., and Beane, B. H., 1966, Reproduction of lost arms on a crinoid from Le Grand, Iowa: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 26, p. 35-37.

Strimple, H. L., and Blythe, J. G., 1960, Paragassizocrinus in the Atoka of northeastern Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geological Survey, Circular 55, p. 25-30, pl. 3.

Strimple, H. L., and Boardman, D. R. II, 1971, Notes on Stenopecrinus and Perimestocrinus, Part 6. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 6, p. 27-30.

Strimple, H. L., and Boyt, R., 1965, Rhodocrinites beani, new species from the Hampton Formation (Mississippian) of Iowa: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 25, p. 222-226.

Strimple, H. L., and Brown, C. J., 1977, Occurrence of Agassizocrinus patulus in Oklahoma and Arkansas: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 37, p. 67-69.

Strimple, H. L., and Cocke, J. M., 1973, Tabulate corals and echinoderms from the Pennsylvanian Winterset Limestone, Hogshooter Formation, Northeastern Oklahoma: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 64, no. 279, p. 141-167, pl. 21

Strimple, H. L., and Coney, C. C., 1978, Paratalarocrinus, a new camerate genus from the Upper Mississippian of Virginia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 484-487.

Strimple, H. L., and Coney, C. C., 1982, A crinoid faunule from the Newman Formation (Mississippi) of eastern Tennessee: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 989-995, 2 pl.

Strimple, H. L., and Duluk, C., 1971, Pennsylvanian crinoids common to Oklahoma and Michigan: Earth Science, v. 24, p. 242-244.

Strimple, H. L., and Frest, T. J., 1979, Points of generation and partial regeneration of the column of Euonychocrinus simplex (Crinoidea: Flexibilia): Journal of Paleontology, v. 53, p. 216-220.

Strimple, H. L., Frest, T. J., and Miller, J. F., 1977, The genus Anartiocrinus (Crinoidea: Inadunata): Southeastern Geology, v. 19, p. 29-37, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L. and Heckel, P. H., 1978, A significant acrocrinid (Crinoidea: Camerata) from the Ladore Shale (Missourian, Upper Pennsylvanian) in Eastern Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 211, no. 4, p. 5-9.

Strimple, H. L., and Horowitz, A. S., 1971, A new Mississippian ampelocrinid. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 5, p. 23-27, figs. 9-10.

Strimple, H. L., and Horowitz, A. S., 1976, A crinoid lentil in the Pennington Formation (Chesterian), Sloans Valley, Kentucky: Southeastern Geology, v. 17, p. 81-83.

Strimple, H. L., and Knapp, W. D., 1966, Lower Pennsylvanian fauna from eastern Kentucky, Part 2, Crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 40, p. 309-314, pl. 36.

Strimple, H. L., and Koenig, J. W., 1956, Mississippian microcrinoids from Oklahoma and New Mexico: Journal of Paleontology, v. 30, p. 1225-1247.

Strimple, H. L., and Levorson, C. O., 1969, Two Upper Devonian crinoids. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 4, p. 17-20, figs. 3, 6-7.

Strimple, H. L., and Levorson, C. O., 1971, New flexible crinoids from the Upper Devonian of North Central Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 78, no. 1, p. 9-11.

Strimple, H. L., and Levorson, C. O., 1974, Additional crinoid specimens from the Shellrock Formation (Upper Devonian) of Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 80, no. 4, p. 182-184.

Strimple, H. L., and Mapes, R. H., 1984, Comatulid crinoids from the Jacksonian (Eocene) of Louisiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 58, p. 789-792.

Strimple, H. L., and McGinnis, M. R., 1969, New crinoid from the Gilmore City Formation, Lower Mississippian of Iowa. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 5, p. 21-22, fig. 8.

Strimple, H. L., and McGinnis, M. R., 1970, A new platycrinitid from Gilmore City, Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 76 (1969), p. 263-266.

Strimple, H. L., and McGinnis, M. R., 1972, A new camerate crinoid from the Al Rose Formation, Lower Ordovician of California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 72-74.

Strimple, H. L., and Miller, J. F., 1971, Pennsylvanian crinoids from the Pinkerton Trail Limestone, Molas Lake Colorado. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 9, p. 35-40, figs. 16-17.

Strimple, H. L., and Miller, J. F., 1977, A new species of Arroyocrinus (Inadunata) from the Park City Formation (Upper Permian) of Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 24, no. 2, p. 9-10.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1971a, Crinoids of the LaSalle Limestone (Pennsylvanian) of Illinois: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Article 55, Echinodermata 11, p. 1-48, 23 pl.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1971b, Crinoids of the Francis Shale (Missourian) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 55, p. 1-20.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1971c, The Family Diphuicrinidae, Part I. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 1, p. 2-9.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1971d, Notes on Delocrinus and Endelocrinus from the Lane Shale (Missourian) of Kansas City. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 4, p. 19-22, fig. 7-8.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1971e, A crinoid crown from d'Orbigny's famous fossil locality at Yaurichampi. In Fossil crinoid studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 56, no. 8, p. 33-35, fig. 14-15.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1973a, Notes on the inadunate crinoid genus Phanocrinus, Part I. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 1, p. 2-7.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1973b, Middle Pennsylvanian crinoids from central Colorado, Part 2. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 2, p. 8-15.

Strimple, H. L., and Moore, R. C., 1973c, Tegmen of Camptocrinus. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 66, no. 8, p. 33-38.

Strimple, H. L., and Nassichuk, W. W., 1974, Pennsylvanian crinoids from Ellesmere Island, Arctic Canada: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 1149-1155.

Strimple, H. L., and Pareyn, C., 1982, Cibolocrinus from the Namurian of North Africa with notes on the genus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 226-232.

Strimple. H. L., and Priest, A., 1969, New erisocrinid from Nebraska. In Fossil Crinoid Studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 42, no. 6, p. 23-26, fig. 9.

Strimple, H. L., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 1982, A Permian microcrinoid from Sicily: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 1451-1452.

Strimple, H. L., and Strimple, M. L., 1968, Pennsylvanian Synbathocrinus from Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 28, p. 172-173.

Strimple, H. L., and Watkins, W. T., 1949, Hybocrinus crinerensis, new species from the Ordovician of Oklahoma: American Journal of Science, v. 247, p. 131-133, 1 pl.

Strimple, H. L., and Watkins, W. T., 1955, I. Three new genera. In New Ordovician echinoderms: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 45, p. 347-353.

Strimple, H. L., and Watkins, W. T., 1961, On Synbathocrinus? antiquus: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 21, p. 48-49.

Strimple, H. L., and Watkins, W. T., 1969, Carboniferous crinoids of Texas with stratigraphic implications: Palaeontographica Americana, v. 6, no. 40, p. 139-275, pl. 30-56.

Strimple, H. L., and Yancy, T. E., 1976, Moscovicrinus preserved in magnetite from Selumar, Belitung Island, Indonesia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 1195-1202, 1 pl.

Strong, D.F., and Kean, B. F., 1972, New fossil localities in the Lush's Bight terrane of central Newfoundland: Canadian Journal of Earth Science, v. 9, p. 1572-1576.

Struve, W., 1955, Die Frage der Eifler Crinoiden-Schicht (Mittel-Devon) im Lichte feinstratigraphischer Untersuchungen: Senckenbergiana Lethaea, v. 35, no. 5/6, p. 279-316. (nonsystematic)

Struz, D. L., 1991, Catalogue of type, figured and cited specimens in the Commonwealth Palaeontological Collection: Australian Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology, and Geophysics, Report 305, p. 1-73. (nonsystematic)

Stuckenberg, A., 1875, Otschet geologischeskogo putetschestvija Pettchorskii krai i Timanskyjo Tundry [Geological Report of the journey to Petchora Territory and Timan Tundra]. Materials on the Geology of Russia: Vserosiiskoe Mineralogichestoe Obshchestvo (Russian Kaiser Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg), v. 6, p. 1-126, 5 pl., 1 map. (In Russian)

Stuckenburg, A., 1886, Materialien zur Kenntniss der fauna der Devonischen Ablagerungen Sibiriens: Mémoires de L'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, ser. 7, v. 34, no. 1, p. 1-19, pl. 1-4.

Stuckenberg, A., 1899, Allgemeine Geologische Karte von Russland. Blatt 127: Trudy Geologicheskago Komiteta (1898), v. 16, no. 1, p. 1-374, 5 pl.

Stuckenberg, A., 1907, Fauna verkhne-kamennougolnoytolshchi Samarskoi luki [The fauna of the upper Carboniferous suite of the Wolgadurchberuches near Samara]: Trudy Geologicheskago Komiteta, Mémoires du comité Géjologique, St. Petersburg (1905), ser. 2, v. 23, p. 1-144, 13 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina G. A., 1960, Komplex landoveriiskikh steblei morskikh lilii khrebta Chingiz [Complex Llandoverian crinoid stems from the Chingiz Mountain]: Informationnyi Sbornik Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, v. 35, p. 95-110. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1961, Stebli krinoidey iz otlozheniy verkhnego silura gor Aksarly (Tsentralnyy Kazakhstan) [Crinoid stems from Upper Silurian deposits of the Aksarli Mountains (Central Kazakhstan)]: Informationnyi Sbornik Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, v. 42, p. 31-42, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1964a, K metodice izuchenija i sboram iskopaemjich ostatkow steblej morskich lilij [On the methods of research and collecting of fossil remains of crinoid stems]. In Sbornik statei. Materialji po geologii i poleznjim iskopaemjin Altaja i Kasachstana [Collected articles on materials of the geology and mineral resources of Altay and Kazakhstan]: Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, n. s., v. 3, p. 31-35. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1964b, Nekotorjie zakonomernosti morphogenesa steblej drevni morski lilji [Some regularity of morphogenesis of stems of Paleozoic crinoids]: R. Tezisji dokladov na X session Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologichskogoe Obshchestva, g. Leningrad, p. 45-47. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1964c, Ordovikskie siluriiskie i rannedevonskie morskie lilii znetralni Kasachstan i ich stratigraphie znacheni (no primere izuchenia steblej) [Ordovician, Silurian, and Early Devonian crinoids from central Kazakhstan and their stratigraphic significance (on basis of study of stems)]: Avtoreferat dissertation na soskanie rvania kandidata geologomineralogische nauk. g. Leningrad, p. 1-20. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1965a, O taxonomicheskom znachenii steblei drevnikh morskikh lilii [On taxonomical significance of ancient crinoid stems]: Biostratigraficheskiy Sbornik Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, n. s., v. 115, p. 210-217. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1965b, Morskie lilii karaespinskogo gorizonta V kn. Sbornik statei. Stratigrafiia nizhnepaleozoishikh i siluriiskikh otolozhenii Zentralnogo Kasachstana [Crinoids of the Karaespin horizon. In Collected articles on stratigraphy of the lower Paleozoic and Silurian deposits of central Kazakhstan]: Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut Trudy, p. 134-145, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1965c, Novye vidji Hexacrinites tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [New species of Hexacrinites from central Kazakhstan]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologische Obshchestva, v. 17, p. 188-195, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1966a, O printisipakh klassifikatsii steblei drevnikh morskikh lilii [On the principles of classification of Paleozoic crinoid stems]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 3, p. 94-102. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1966b, On the principles of classification of Paleozoic crinoid stems. Paleontological Journal, no. 3, p. 94-102.

Stukalina, G. A., 1967, O taksonomicheskikh priznakakh segmehtirovannykh steblei morskikh lilii [On taxonomic features of segmented stem of crinoids]: Biostratigraphische Sbornik, Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut 3, Trudy n. s., v. 192, p. 200-206. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1968a, K sistematike semeistva Decacrinidae [On the systematics of the family Decacrinidae]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 18, p. 250-267, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1968b, K sistematike gruppy Pentamerata (Crinoides) [On the systematics of the group Pentamerata (Crinoidea)]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 1, p. 81-91. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1968c, Zavisimosti stratigraphicheskogo znachenia steblei crinoidea ot raslikhnyikh prinzipov klassification [Dependence on stratigraphic importance of stems of crinoids for different principles of their classification]: Tezisji dokladov XIV session Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, g. Leningrad, p. 44-45. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1968d, Stratigraphic significance of the stems of crinoids. In Oswald, D. H., ed, Solving the Siluro-Devonian boundary problem: International Symposium (1967) on the Devonian System Proceedings, Calgary, Canada, v. 2, p. 893-896.

Stukalina, G. A., 1969, Pozdneopppdovikskie Morskie Lilii Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [Late Ordovician crinoids from Central Kazakhstan]: Biostratigraficheskiy Sbornik, Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut, 4, Trudy n. s., v. 130, p. 202-217, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1970a, Stratigraficheskoe Znachenie Krinoidei v Voprosy Granitsy Silura i Devona [Stratigraphical significance of crinoids and questions on the boundary Silurian and Devonian]. In Zania, I. E., and Chernysheva, N.E., eds, Biostratigraficheskie i Paleobiofalsialnie Issledovaniya i ikh Prakticheskoe Znachenie [Biostratigraphical and Paleobiofacial Investigations and their practical significance]: Trudy 10th and 11th Session All-Union Paleontological Society Leningrad, 1964-1965, p. 73-77. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1970b, Systematics of the Pentamerata (Crinoidea) Group: Paleontological Journal, v. 2, no. 1, p. 73-82.

Stukalina, G. A., 1971, Morskie Lilii Pogranichnikh Sloev Silura i Devona Kazakhstana v Svyazi s Problemoi Granits Etikh Sistem V kn. Granitsa Silura i Devona i Biostratigrafiya Silura [Crinoids of the Silurian and Devonian boundary beds of Kazakhstan and the problem of the boundary between these systems. In Boundary of the Silurian and Devonian and biostratigraphy of the Silurian]: Trudy III Mezhdunarodnogo Simpoziuma, Tom I, Izdatelstvo Nauka, p. 192-201, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1972, Novye ordovikskie morskie lilii Kazakstana [New Ordovician sea lilies from Kazakhstan]. In Zania, I. E., ed, Novye vidy Drevnikh Rastenii i Bespozvonochnykh SSSR [New species of fossil plants and invertebrates of the USSR]: Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moscow, 372 p., 75 pl. (Crinoides p. 287-290, pl. 60) (In Russian)

 

Stukalina, G. A., 1973, Pozdnepaleozoiskie Morskie Lilii Zabaikalya i Mongolii [Late [Paleozoic crinoids of Transbaikal and Mongolia]. In Pormnov, A. G., and Suzukov, A. I., eds, Stratigrafiya i Paleontologiya Osadochnkh Geologicheskik kh Formapii Zabaikalya [Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Sedimentary Geological Formations of Transbaikal]: Geograficheskoe Obshchestvo SSSR, Zapiski Zabaikalskogo Filiala, v. 94, p. 16-55, 6 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1975, Morskie lilii V kn charakteristika fauni pogranichnikh sloev silura i devona tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [Crinoids. In Characteristic fauna of the boundary deposits of the Silurian and Devonian of Central Kazakhstan]. Materali po geologii Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana, v. 12, Menner, V. V., ed, Moskovskii Gosudarstvenni Universitet Im. M. V. Lomonosova: Tsentralno-Kazakhstansko Geologicheskoe Upravlenie Miniserstva Geologii Kazakhskoi SSR, 248 p., 38 pl. (Crinoids, p. 133-151, pl. 33-36) (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1976, Zavisimost stratigraficheskogo znacheniya steblei krinoidei ot razlichnikh printsipov ikh klassifikatsii V kn. Pyatidesyatiletie Sovetskoi paleontologii i vopros sistematiki drevnikh organizmov [Dependence on stratigraphic importance of stems of crinoids for different principles of their classification. In 50th Anniversary of Soviet paleontology and questions of systematics of ancient organisms]: Trudy 13th and 14th Sessions All Union Paleontological Society Izdatelstvo Nauka; Leningrad Otdelenie, Akademia Nauk SSSR, Vsesyuznoe Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, p. 179-189. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1977a, Crinoids. In The Silurian Devonian boundary: International Union of Geological Sciences, ser. A, v. 5, p. 333-336.

Stukalina, G. A., 1977b, III Vsesoyuznii Kollokvium po iglokozhim [The third All-Union colloquium on echinodermata]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 148-150. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1977c, Novie morskie lilii devona Urala, Kazakhstana i Dalnego Vostoka V kn. Novie vidi drevnikh rastenii i bespozvonochnikh SSSR [New crinoids Devonian from the Urals, Kazakhstan and the Far East. In Stukalina, G. A., ed, New species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR, No. 4]: Paleontological Institute Akademie Nauk SSSR, p. 151-159, pl. 31. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1978a, Tsistoidei i Morskie Lilii V kn. Pogranichnie sloi ordovika i silura Altae-Sayanskoi oblasti Tyan-Shanya [Cystoidea and crinoids. In Sokolov, B.S., and Yolkin, E.A., eds, The Ordovician and Silurian transition beds of the Alltai-Sayan region and of Tien-Shan]: Akademic Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 397, p. 145-164, pl. 31-35. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1978b, Klassifikatsiya i biostratigraficheskii analiz ordovikskikh krinoidei SSSR [Classification and biostratigraphic analysis of Ordovician crinoids of Russia]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 21, p. 242-254. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1978c, Morskie lilii. V kn. Yoruchoi raschlenenie nizhnego devona Tikhookeanskoi oblasti na terrirotii SSSR [Crinoidea. In Rzhonsnitskov, M. A., ed, Layer breakdown of the Lower Devonian of the Pacific Ocean region of the territories of the USSR]: Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR, Vsesoyuznii Ordena Lenena Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut (VSEGEI), Izdatelstvo Moskova, Nedra, p. 53-61. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1978d, O zonalnom raschlenenii i korrelyatsii nizhnego i srednego devona SSSR po krinoideyam. V kn. Tezici soobshchenii po biostratigrafii pogranichnikh sloev nizhnego i srednego devona SSSR na polevoi sessi Mezhdunarocnoi podkomissii po stratigrafii devona (15-25 avgusta 1978) [On zonal breakdown and correlation of Lower and Middle Devonian of the USSR according to crinoids. In Thesis report on biostratigraphy of the boundary layers of the Lower and Middle Devonian of the USSR with field sessions of the International Commission on Stratigraphy of the Devonian (15-25 August)]: Leningrad, p. 71-75. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1979a, Krinoidei Krivolutskogo, Mangazeiskogo, Dolborskogo i Ketskogo Gorizontov V kn. Fauna Ordovika Srednei Sibiri [Crinoids of the Krivolutsky, Mangazeisky, Dolbrosky and Ketsky Horizons. In Menner, V. V., ed, Ordovician faunas of Middle Siberia]: Izdatelstvo Nauka, Trudy, v. 330, p. 131-158, pl. 30-31. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1979b, Novoe semeystvo ordovikskikh krinoidey [A new family of Ordovician crinoids]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 89-95. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1979c, Sistematika i rasprostranenie krinoidei v ordovike silure i nizhnem devone SSSR [Systematics and distribution of Ordovician, Silurian and Lower Devonian crinoids of Russia]: Materials of the IV All Union Colloquium on Echinoderms, Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Tbilisi, p. 191-195. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1979d, Webericrinidae - novoe semeistvo ordovikskikh krinoidei Kazakhstana [Webericrinidae, new family of Ordovician crinoids from Kazakhstan]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 22, p. 158-162. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1980a, Novie predstaviteli kvadrilaterat iz ordovika Kazakhstana, Urala i Bostochno-Evropeiskoi platformi V kn. Novie vidi drevnikh rastenii i bespozvonochnikh SSSR, vyp. 5 [New species of quadrilateral from the Ordovician of Kazakhstan, Urals and eastern European platform. In Stukalina, G. A., ed, New species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR, no. 5]: Akademie Nauk SSSR Paleontological Institute, p. 88-95, pl. 21. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1980b, Novie vidi tsistoidei i krinoidei iz ordovika i nizhnego silura Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana i Severnoi Kirgizi V kn. Novie vidi drevnikh rastenii i bespozvonochnikh SSSR, vyp. 5 [New species of cystoids and crinoids from the Ordovician and Lower Silurian of Central Kazakhstan and Middle Kirghizia. In Stukalina, G. A., ed, New species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR no. 5]: Akademie Nauk SSSR Paleontological Institute, p. 95-114, pl. 21-23. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1980c, Krinoidei V kn. Granitsa Ordovika i Silura v Kazakhstana [Class Crinoidea. In Bandaletov, S. M., ed, The Ordovician-Silurian boundary in Kazakhstan]: Akademiya Nauk Kazakhskoe SSR, Alma-Ata, p. 170-173, pl. 32. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1980d, Novie dannie ob ordovikskikh krinoideyakh tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [New information about Ordovician crinoids from central Kazakhstan]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 23, p. 216, 249, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1980e, A new Ordovician crinoid family: Paleontological Journal, v. 13, no. 4, p. 471-476.

Stukalina, G. A., 1982a, K sistematike Paleozoiskikh krinoidei otryadov Angulata i Strialata [On the Systematics of the Paleozoic crinoid orders Angulata and Strialata]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologichesko Obshchestva, v. 25, p. 184-196. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1982b, Krinoidea silura razrezov rek Gorbiachin i Kuresika [Silurian crinoids from key sections on the Gorbiachin and Kuresida Rivers]. In Sokolov, B. S., ed, Silur Sibirskoi Platformy razrez, fauna i flora severo-zapadnoi chasti Tungusskoi Sineklizi [Silurian of the Siberian Platform, key sections, fauna and flora of the northwestern part of the Tunguska Syncline]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 508, p. 82-86, 141-159, pl. 22-24. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1982c, Krinoidi [Crinoidea]. In Sokolov, B. S., ed, Ordovik Sibirskoi platformy: Opornyi razrez na R. Kulyambe [Ordovician of the Siberian Platform. Key section of the Kulumbe River]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow, Trudy Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 506, p. 179-182. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1982d, O zonalnom raschlenenii i korrelyatsii nizhnego i srednego devona SSSR po krinoideyam [On the zonal subdivision and correlation of the Lower and Middle Devonian in the USSR based on crinoids]. In Sokolov, B. S., and Rzhonsnitskaya, M. A., eds, Biostratigrafiya pogranichnykh otlozhenii nizhnego i srednego devona. Trudy pdolevoi sessii Mezhdunarodnoi podkomissii po stratigrafii devona [Biostratigraphy of Lower and Middle Devonian boundary deposits. Proceedings I Field Symposium of the International Subcommission on the Devonian Stratigraphy]: Leningrad, Samarkand, USSR (1978), p. 139-143. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1983, Krinoidi [Crinoidea]. In Gramm, M. N. and Rostovcev, K. O., eds, Pozdnepermskii etal evolyutsii organicheskogo mira [Evolution of the latest Permian biota]: Leningrad, Publishing House Nauka, Leningradskoe Otdelenie, p. 59-60. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1984, Typ Echinodermata [Phylum Echinodermata]. In Moskalenko, T. A., ed, Ordovik sibiroskoi platformy. Paleontologicheskii Atlas [Ordovician of the Siberian Platform. Paleontological Atlas]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 590, p. 94-102, pl. 30, 37. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1985a, K kharakteristike iglokozhikh biogermnykh fatsii ordovika tsentralnogo Kazakhstana [On the characteristic echinoderms of bioherm facies from the Ordovician of Kazakhstan]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshestva, v. 28, p. 176-198, 3 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1985b, Zonalnoe delenic po krinoideyam nizhnego i srednego paleozoya territorii USSR [Crinoid zonal subdivision of the lower and middle Paleozoic of the territory of USSR]: Paleontologicheskii Sbornik, v. 22, p. 50-56. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1985c, Graniza nizhnego i srednego devona po krinoidejam [Lower/Middle Devonian boundary drawn from crinoids]. In Kamaletdinov, M. A., and Rzhonsnitskaja, M. A., eds, Srednii Devon SSSR ego granitsy i yarusnoe raschlenenie [Middle Devonian of the USSR, its boundary and stage subdivision]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Bashkirskii Oilial Institut Geologii, Publishing House Nauka, Moscow, p. 39-43. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1986, Zakonomernosti istoricheskogo rzvitiya krinoidei v rannemi srednem paleozoe SSSR [Laws of historical development of crinoidea in the early and middle Paleozoic of the USSR]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Paleontological Institut Moskova, p. 1-142, 32 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1987, Position of the Lower/Middle Devonian boundary from the viewpoint of crinoid evolution. In McMillan, N. F., Embry, A. F., and Glass, D. J., eds, Devonian of the World: v. 3, p. 131-135. (nonsystematic)

Stukalina, G. A., 1988a, Granitsa devona i karbona s pozitsii evolyutsii krinoidei [The Devonian/Carboniferous boundary from the standpoint of the crinoidea evolution]. In Golubtsov, V. K. and others, Granitsa devona i karbona na territoryii SSSR [The Devonian Carboniferous boundary at the territory of the USSR]: Minsk Nauka i Tekhnika, Akademii Nauk Byelorussia, p. 311-315. (In Russian) (nonsystematic)

Stukalina, G. A., 1988b, VI Vsesoyuznyi simpozium po iglokozhim [6th All-union symposium on echinoderms]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 1988, no. 2, p. 139-141. (In Russian) (nonsystematic)

Stukalina, G. A., 1988c, Studies in Paleozoic crinoid-columnals and –stems: Palaeontographica, v. 204, p. 1-66, 15 pl

Stukalina, G. A., 1990, Kharteristika pelagicheskikh crinoidei roda Neocamptocrinus iz permskikh otlozhenii Severo-Vostoka SSSR V kn. Opornyi razrez permi Omolonskogo Massiva [Chapter 8 Characteristics of the pelagic crinoid genus Neocamptocrinus from the Permian deposits of the Far East, USSR. In Kashik, D. S., ed, Permian key section of the Omolon Massif]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Ministerstvo Geologii SSSR, Mezhvedomstvennyi Stratigraficheskii Komitet SSSR, Trudy, v. 21, p. 134-142, pl. 15-17. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1991, Morskie lilii nizhnego i srednego devona Kazakhstana [Sea lilies of the Lower and Middle Devonian of Kazakhstan]. In Dubatolov, V. N., and Stukalina, G. A., eds, Biostratigrafiya nizhnego i srednego devona dzhungaro-balkhashskoi provintsii [Biostratigraphy of the Lower and Middle Devonian]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe Otdelenie Institut Geologii i Geofiziki, p. 147-207, pl. 36-49. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1994, K kharakteristike siluriyskikh krinoidey Mongolii [Characteristics of Silurian crinoids from Mongolia]: Palaeontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 55-64, pl. 9. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1995a, Characteristics of Silurian crinoids from Mongolia: Palaeontological Journal, v. 28, no. 4, p. 73-82, pl. 9.

Stukalina, G. A., 1995b, On the taxonomic position of the Silurian genus Dastaricrinus (Crinoidea): Zoosystematica Rossica, v. 3, no. 2, p. 203-206.

Stukalina, G. A., 1997a, Krinoidei verkhnego devona Afganistana [Upper Devonian crinoids of Afghanistan]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 4, p. 63-69. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1997b, Upper Devonian crinoids of Afghanistan: Paleontological Journal, v. 31, no. 4, p. 404-414.

Stukalina, G. A., 1997c, Novye kamennougolnye morskie lilii Mongolii [New Carboniferous crinoids in Mongolia]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 6, p. 39-43. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1997d, New Carboniferous crinoids in Mongolia: Paleontological Journal, v. 31, no. 6, p. 605-608.

Stukalina, G. A., 1999a, Pozdnepermskie krinoidei Primorya, zakavkazya I Severnogo Kavkaza [The Late Permian crinoids from Primorye, Transcaucasia, and north Cucasus]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, no. 2, p. 18-25, pl. 2-3. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., 1999b, The Late Permian crinoids from Primorye, Transcaucasia, and north Cucasus: Paleontological Journal, v. 33, no. 2, p. 139-146.

Stukalina, G. A., and Hints, L. M., 1979, Novie nakhodki iglokozhikh iz verkhneviruskikh otlozhenii Severnoi Estonii [New discovery of echinoderms in the Upper Viruan deposits of northern Estonia]: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Estonskoi SSR, Geologiya, v. 28, no. 11, p. 1-10. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A. In Mennera, V. V., ed, 1975, Krinoidi V kn. Kharakteristika Fauni Pogranichnikh Sloev Silura i Devona Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana. Material po Geologii Tsentralnogo Kazakhstana, Tom XII [Crinoids. In Characteristic fauna of the boundary deposits of the Silurian and Devonian of Central Kazakhstan. Material on the geology of central Kazakhstan, v. 12]: Moskovskii Gosudarstvenni Universitet Im. M. V. Lomonosova: Tsentralno-Kazakhstanskoe Geologicheskoe Upravlenie Ministerstva Geologii Kazakhskoi SSR, p. 1-248, 38 pl. (Crinoids, p. 133-151, pl. 33-36) (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., and Schischkina, G. R., 1979, Urushicrinus i Paradecacrinus - novie roda devonskikh anthinokrinid i dekadrinid [Urushicrinus and Paradecacrinus, new genera of Devonian Anthinocrinidae and Decacrinidae]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 22, p. 163-165. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., and Schischkina, G. R., 1985, Pervye nakhodki krinoidei v karbone basseina R. Uda (Dalnii Vostok) [First crinoid discovery in the Carboniferous of the Uda Basin (Far East)]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshestva, v. 28, p. 281-285, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., and Shulza, V. P., 1993, Osobennosti stratigraficheskogo rasprostraneniya i sostava krinoidey uglenosnoy formatsii L’vovsko-Volynskogo basseyna [Characteristics of stratigraphic distribution and composition of crinoids of carbonaceous formations of the Lvov-Volyn Basin]: Tektonika I Stratigrapfiya (Kiev), v. 33, p. 95-101.

Stukalina, G. A., and Tujutjan, Yu. A., 1967, Novye ordovikskie morskie lilii Kasachstana [New Ordovician crinoids from Kazakhstan]: Sbornik Stateii. Izvestiya Akademia Nauk Kazakhstana SSR, Seriya Geologische, no. 4, p. 72-76. (In Russian)

Stukalina, G. A., and Tujutjan, Yu. A., 1970, Novye predstabiteli gruppy pentamerata iz ordovika Kazakhstana [New specimens of the group pentamerata from the Ordovician of Kazakhstan]: Izvestiya Akademiya Nauk Kazakhstana SSR, Seriya Geologische, no. 1, p. 57-65. (In Russian)

Stupatchenko, A. V., 1976, Nove nakhodki morskikh lilii v. Gzheli [New finds of crinoids in Gzeli]: Bulletin Moskovsk Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirodi, Otdel Geologicheskiy v. 51, no. 2, p. 151. (In Russian)

Stürmer, W., 1980, Portraits from the past: Siemens=Review, p. 16-20.

Stürmer, W., 1965, Rontgehaufnahmen von einigen Fossilien aus dem Geologischen Institut der Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg: Geologische Blätter für Nordost-Bayern und Angrenzende Gebiete, Erlangen, v. 15, no. 4, p. 217-223, pl. 6.

Stürmer, W., 1967, X-ray examination of palaeontological objects: Electromedica, v. 2, p. 48-50.

Stürmer, W., 1968, Einige Beobachtungen an devonischen Fossilien mit Röntgenstrahlen (X-ray observations on Devonian fossils): Natur und Museum, v. 98, no. 10, p. 413-417.

Stürmer, W., 1984, Interdisciplinary palaeontology: Interdisciplinary Science Review, v. 9, no. 2, p. 123-137.

Sugiyama, T., 1991, Paleontological and biostratigraphical studies on heterocorallia from the Akiyoshi Limestone, southwest Japan: XIe Congrés Internationel de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifére Beijing 1987, Compte Rendu (1989), v. 2, p. 344-354.

Sumrall, C. D., 1997, The role of fossils in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Echinodermata. In Waters, J. A., and Maples, C. G., eds, Geobiology of echinoderms: The Paleontological Society Papers, v. 3, p. 267-288.

Sumrall, C. D., and Sprinkle, J., 1998a, Phylogenetic analysis of living Echinodermata based on primitive fossil taxa, p. 81-87 In Mooi, R., and Telford, M., eds, Echinoderms: San Francisco: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 923 p. (nonsystematic)

Sumrall, C. D., and Sprinkle, J., 1998b, Early ontogeny of the glyptocystitid rhombiferan Lepadocystis moorei, p. 81-87 In Carnevali, M.D.C., and Bonasoro, F., eds, Echinoderm Research 1998: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 923 p. (nonsystematic)

Sun, Y. C., and Szetu, S. S., 1947, The stratigraphical and biological position of the species Camarocrinus asiaticus: Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, v. 27, p. 243-252, 1 pl.

Sun, Y-z, 1955 - see Tien and Mu, 1955

Sutton, A. H., 1934, Evolution of Pterotocrinus in the Eastern Interior Basin during the Chester epoch: Journal of Paleontology, v. 8, p. 393-416, pl. 49-50.

Sutton, A. H., and Hagan, W. E., 1939, Inadunate crinoids of the Mississippian; Zeacrinus: Journal of Paleontology, v. 13, p. 82-96, pl. 15.

Sutton, A. H., and Wagner, O. E., Jr., 1930, New species of Chester fossils: Journal of Paleontology, v. 5, p. 23-33, pl. 5.

Sutton, A. H., and Winkler, V. D., 1940, Mississippian Inadunata -- Eupachycrinus and related forms. Journal of Paleontology, 14:544-567, pl. 66-68.

Svoboda, J., and others, 1968, Regionáluí geologie CSSR; díl 1, Cesky masív [Regional geology of Czechoslovakia; Part I, The Bohemian Massif]: Ustredniho Ustavu Geologickeho Czechoslovakia, 668 p. (In Czech)

Swallow, G. C., and Hawn, F., 1857, The rocks of Kansas: Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, v. 1, p. 173-197.

Swartz, F. M., 1930, The Helderberg Group of parts of West Virginia and Virginia: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 158-C, p. 27-75, 4 pl.

Talbot, M., 1905, Revision of the New York Helderbergian crinoids: American Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 20, p. 17-34, pl. 1-4.

Talent, J. A., 1963, The Devonian of the Mitchell and Wentworth Rivers: Victoria Geological Survey, Memoir 24, p. 1-122, pl. 1-78.

Talent, J. A., 1965, The Silurian and Early Devonian faunas of the Heathcote district, Victoria: Victoria Geological Survey, Memoir 26, p. 1-55. (Echinoderms p. 17-21)

Tannenberg In Goldfuss, 1839 - see Goldfuss, 1839

Tansey, V. O., 1924, The fauna and the correlation of the Bailey Limestone in the Little Saline Creek area of Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri. In Branson, E. B., The Devonian of Missouri: Missouri Bureau of Geology and Mines, ser. 2, v. 17 (1922), p. 166-212, pl. 40-56. (Preprint issued 1923)

Taylor, M. E., Repetski, J. E. and Sprinkle, J., 1981, Paleontology and biostratigraphy of the Whipple Cave Formation and lower House Limestone, Sawmill Canyon, Egan Range, Nevada. In Taylor, M. E., and Palmer, A. R., eds, Cambrian stratigraphy and paleontology of the Great Basin and vicinity, western United States: Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, Guidebook for Field Trip 1, Denver, Colorado, p. 73-77.

Taylor, W. L., and Brett, C. E., 1996, Taphonomy and paleoecology of echinoderm Lagerstätten from the Silurian (Wenlockian) Rochester Shale: Palaios, v. 11, p. 118-140.

Teichert, C., 1926, Über Pentacrinus-ahnliche Crinoideen im estnichen Untersiliur: Centralblatt für Mineralogie Stuttgart, B14, p. 523-525.

Teichert, C., 1949, Permian crinoid Calceolispongia: Geological Society of America, Memoir 34, p. 1-132, 26 pl.

Teichert, C., 1954, A new Permian crinoid from western Australia: Journal of Paleontology, v. 28, p. 70-75, pl. 13-14.

Teichert, C., 1991, New data on the Permian crinoid family Calceolispongiidae in Western Australia: Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, v. 73, no. 4, p. 113-121.

Teichert, C. and Webster, G. D., 1993, Crinoids. In Skwarko, S. K., ed, Palaeontology of the Permian of Western Australia: Geological Survey of Western Australia, Bulletin 136, p. 68-72, 322-339, pl. 65-71; microfiche sheet 8, p. 1-26.

Teller, E. E., 1911, A synopsis of the type specimens of fossils from the Palaeozoic formations of Wisconsin: Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, v. 9, no. 4, p. 170-271. (Crinoids, p. 195-200, nonsystematic)

Termier, G., and Termier, H., 1947, Paléontologie Marocaine I. Généralités sur les invertébres fossiles: Service Carte Géologique Morocco, Notes et Mémoires, v. 69, p. 1-391, 22 pl.

Termier, G., and Termier, H., 1950, Paléontologie Marocaine II. Invertébres de l'Ere Primaire. 4. Annélides, Arthropodes, Echinodermes, Conularides et Graptolithes: Service Carte Géologique Morocco, Notes et Mémoires v. 79, no. 4, p. 1-279, pl. 184-241.

Termier, H., 1936, Études géologiques sur le Maroc central et le moyen atlas septentrional. Tome III. Paléontologie Pétrographie: Notes et Mémoires Service des Mines et de la Carte Géologique, Algeria, v. 33, p. 1087-1421, 23 pl.

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1948, Les Echinoderms du Paléozoique inférieur: Les Extraits de la Revue Scientifique, no. 3298, p. 613-626. [Also in La Revue Scientifiquer, Anée 86, fasc. 10, Sept.-Oct., 1948.] (nonsystematic)

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1949, Hiérarchie et corrélations des caractéres chez les Crinoides fossiles: Bulletin Service Carte Géologique Algerie, 1st Series Paleontologie v. 10, p. 1-91, 8 pl.

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1952, Initiation à la Paléontologie. 1. Généralités--l'Evolution—Invertébres: Paris, A. Colin, v. 1, p. 1-224, 22 pl. (Echinodermata, p. 162-188, pl. 16-18)

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1956, Rectification de nomenclature: Becharocrinus nov. gen., pro Triacrinus H. and G. Termier, 1950: Comptes Rendus de la Société Géologique de France, v. 15-16, p. 316-317.

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1958, Les Echinodermes Permiens du Djebel Tebaga (Extreme Sud Tunisien): Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 6, v. 8, p. 51-64.

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1964, Les temps fossiliféres. I. Paléozoique inférieur: Paris, Masson & Cie, 689 p.

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1974, Une méthode nouvelle: l'utilisation des fragments d'échinoderms contenus dans le sédiments dévoniens et carboniféres du Maroc: Notes et Service Géologique de Maroc, v. 35, no. 255, p. 27-53, 9 pl.

Termier, H., and Termier, G., 1980, Modalitérs de l évolution des Echinodermes au Cambrien. In Echinoderms: present and past: p. 59-65.

Termier, H., Termier, G., and Vachard, D., 1977, Monographie paleontologique des affleurements permiens du Djebel Tebaga (Sud Tunisien): Palaeontographica Abteilungen A., v. 156, no. 1-3, p. 1-109, 18 pl.

Terra, H. de, 1932, Karbonische und permische Fossilien aus dem K'unlun und Karakorum: Wissenschaftlichen Ergebn. Dr. Trinkler'schen Zentralasien Expedition, Berlin, v. 2, p. 155-175, pl. 13-15.

Terry, R. E., 1992, Echinoderm paleoecology, taphonomy, and sedimentology of the Fort Payne Formation, Dale Hollow Reservoir, Tennessee: Ohio Division of Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Report 4, p. 6.

Tesakov, Iu. I., and others, 1980, Silur Sibirskoi Platform Oporne Razrez Severo-Zapada Sibirskoi [Silurian of the Siberian Platform, Highlights of sections from the northwestern Siberian Platform]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe Otdelenie Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 446, p. 1-183, 33 pl; (crinoids by G. A. Stukalina p. 112-114). (In Russian)

Tesmer, I. H., 1964, Geology of Chautauqua Co., N. Y. Part 1, Stratigraphy and paleontology (Upper Devonian): New York State Museum and Science Service, Bulletin 391, p. 1-65, 5 pl.

Thayer, C. W., 1974, Marine paleoecology in the Upper Devonian of New York: Lethaia, v. 7, p. 121-155.

Thomas, A. O., 1915, A new crinoid fauna from Monticello, Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 22, p. 289-291, pl. 32.

Thomas, A. O., 1919, A Herpetocrinus from the Silurian of Iowa: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 26, p. 481-483.

Thomas, A. O., 1923, Some fossils from an outcrop in Des Moines: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 30, p. 473-479, pl. 1-2.

Thomas, A. O., 1924a, Echinoderms of the Iowa Devonian: Iowa Geological Survey, Annual Reports 1919 and 1920, v. 29, p. 385-552, pl. 35-54. (Extracts published as preprint, Nov. 7, 1923.)

Thomas, A. O., 1924b, The geographic distribution of Iowa Devonian echinoderms: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 30 (1923), p. 463-465.

Thomas, A. O., 1931, Notes on some Paleozoic echinoderms: Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, v. 38, p. 195-200, pl. 1.

Thomas, A. O., and Ladd, H. S., 1926, Additional cystoids and crinoids from the Maquoketa Shale of Iowa: University of Iowa Studies in Natural History, v. 11, no. 8, p. 5-18, 5 pl.

Thomas, L. A., 1949, Devonian-Mississippian formations of southeast Iowa. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, v. 60, p. 403-438, 4 pl.

Thomson, C. W., 1863 - 1864, On the embryology of the Echinodermata, pt. 1, p. 395-415 (1863); pt. 4, p. 581-611 (1864): Natural History Review (London). (Crinoids p. 395-415)

Thomson, C. W., 1864, Sea lilies. The Intellectual Observer: v. 6, p. 1-11. (nonsystematic for Paleozoic)

Thomson, C. W., 1872, On the structure of the Palaeozoic crinoids: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (Session 1870-1871), v. 7, p. 415-418.

Thoral, M., 1935, Contribution á l'étude paléontologique de l'Ordovicien inférieur de la Montagne Noire et Révision sommaire de la faune cambrienne de la Montagne Noire: Thèses Présentées a la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université de Paris, ser. A, no. 1541, p. 1-363, 35 pl.

Thorne, P., 1978, Limestone fossils near Vancouver: Canadian Rockhound, v. 22, no. 6, p. 19-21.

Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, ed, 1985, Paleontological atlas of North China, 1. Paleozoic Volume: Beijing, China, Geological Publishing House, 731 p., 205 pls. (Crinoids p. 511-512, pl. 157)

Tien, C. C., 1926, Crinoids from the Taiyuan Series of North China: Palaeontologica Sinica, ser. B, v. 5, no. 1, p. 1-58, 3 pl.

Tien, C. C., and Mu, E-z., 1955, Echinodermata in Sun, Y-z, ed, Index fossils of China, Invertebrate: v. 1, p. 83-95, pl. 45-51.

Tischler, H., 1963, Fossils, faunal zonation, and depositional environment of the Madera Formation Huerfano Park, Colorado: Journal of Paleontology, v. 37, p. 1054-1068, pl. 139-142.

Titius, D. G., 1767, De rebus petrefactis: Wittebergae, p. 1-22.

Titus, R., 1979, Paleoecology of the crinoids in the lower Trenton Group (Ordovician) of New York based on dissociated remains: Northeastern Geology, v. 1, p. 106-121.

Titus, R., 1986, Fossil communities of the upper Trenton Group (Ordovician) of New York State: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 805-824. (nonsystematic)

Titus, R., 1989, Clinal variation in the evolution of Ectenocrinus simplex: Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, p. 81-91.

Tolmatchoff, I. P., 1915, Verkhnedevonskaya Fauna sb R. Usyvb altaiskomb Gornomb Okrurb [A Late Devonian fauna from the Oussa River (Altai)]: Petrograd Traveau Sect. Geolo. Cab. de sa Majeste v. 8, p. 193-226, 1 pl. (in Russian)

Tolmatchoff, I. P., 1924, Nizhnekamennougolnaya Fauna Kuznetskogo Uglenocnogo basseyna (Chast pervaya) [Faune du calcaire carbonifere du bassin houiller de Kousnetzk, Pt. 1]: Geologicheskii Komiteta, Materialy po Obshchey i Prikladnoy Geologii, v. 25, p. 286-291, pl. 1-5, 8-11, 18-20. (In Russian)

Tolmatchoff, I. P., 1931, Nizhnekamennougolnaya Fauna Kuznetskogo Uglenocnogo basseyna (Chast vtorya) [Faune du calcaire carbonifere du bassin houiller de Kousnetzk, Pt. 2]: Geologicheskii Komiteta, Materialy po Obshchey i Prikladnoy Geologii, v. 25, p. 321-663, pl. 6-7, 12, 17, 21-23. (In Russian)

Toomey, D. F., and Cys, J. M., 1977, Rock/biotic relationships of the Permian Tansill-Capitan facies exposed on the north side of the entrance to Dark Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, southeastern New Mexico. in Hileman, M. E., and Mazzullo, S. J., eds, Upper Guadalupian facies, Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico and West Texas. 1977 Field Conference Guidebook, v. 1: Permian Basin Section Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 133-150.

Toomey, D. F., Lowenstein, T. K., and Mitchell, R. W., 1989, Re-examination of laminated osagid grains from a Lower Permian midcontinent limestone: Palaios, v. 4, p. 51-62.

Torley, K., 1908, Die Fauna des Schleddenhofes bei Iserlohn: Königlich Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 53, p. 1-56, 10 pl.

Tornquist, A.J.H., 1898, Vorläufige Mittheilung über neue Fossilfunde im Untercarbon des Ober-Elsass: Mittheilung der Geologischen Landesanstalt von Elsass-Lothringen, v. 4, p. 97-104, Strassburg.

Torres, M., Gil, D., and Domínguez, P., 1999, Stable multimodal fivefold patterns in crinoids: a general mathematical approach, p. 193-196. In Carnevali, M.D.C., and Bonasoro, F., eds, Echinoderm Research 1998: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 550 p.

Toula, F., 1875, Eine Kohlenkalk-Fauna von den Barents-Inseln. (Nowaja-Semlja N.W.): Sitzungsbericht der Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematische Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, Wien, v. 71, no. 1, pt. 5, p. 527-608, pl. 1-6.

Towe, K.M., 1967, Echinoderm calcite: single crystal or polycrystalline aggregate: Science, v. 157, p. 1048-1050.

Trautschold, H., 1867, Einige crinoideen und andere Thierreste des Jungeren Bergkalks im Gouvernment Moskau. Bulletin de la Societie Imperial Naturalistes de Moscou, v. 15, no. 3-4, p. 1-49, 5 pl.

Trautschold, H., 1879-82, Die Kalkbruche von Mjatschkowa, Part 2: Eine Monographie des Oberen Bergkalks: Bulletin de la Societie Imperial Naturalistes de Moscou, v. 14, no. 1, p. 12-30, pl. 3-5 (1879); no. 3, p. 139-154, pl. 14-15 (1882).

Trautschold, H., 1881, Über Synyphocrinus: Bulletin de la Societie Imperial Naturalistes de Moscou (1880), v. 60, no. 4, p. 390-397, pl. 4.

Trautschold, H., 1882a, Über Crinoideen. Zusätze und Berichtigungen: Bulletin de la Societie Imperial des Naturalistes de Moscou, v. 57, no. 1, p. 140-145.

Trautschold, H., 1882b, Über den muthmasslischen Geschlechtsapparat von Poteriocrinus multiplex Trd: Nouvelle Mémoire de la Societé Imperiale des Naturalistes, Moscov, v. 14, no. 3, p. 139-156, pl. 14.

Trautschold, H., 1883, Über die Bezeichnung der Kelchplatten der Crinoideen: Bulletin de la Société Imperial des Naturalistes de Moscou, v. 57, no. 2, p. 201-203. (nonsystematic)

Trenkner, W., 1868, Paläontologische Novitäten vom Nordwestlichen Harze: Zweite Abt., Spiriferensandsteine, Calceolaschiefer, Wissenbacher Schiefer und Cypridinenschiefer: Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle (1867), v. 10, p. 197-236, pl. 5-7.

Trevisan, L., and Tongiorgi, E., 1958, La Terra: Torina, Tipografia Sociale Torinese, 730 p., 9 pl.

Troedsson, G. T., 1928, On the Middle and Upper Ordovician faunas of northern Greenland, Part II: Museum de Minéralogie et de Géologie de L'Université de Copenhague, Communications Paléontologiques, v. 30, p. 1-197, 56 pl.

Troedsson, G. T., 1929, On the Middle and Upper Ordovician faunas of northern Greenland. Part 2: Jubilaeumsekspeditionen nord om Gronland 1920-23, Nr. 7. Meddelelser om Gronland, v. 71, no. 1, p. 1-198, pl. 1-56. (Crinoids, p. 106-107, pl. 23)

Troost, G., 1850a, A list of the fossil crinoids of Tennessee: American Association for the Advancement of Science, Proceedings (1849), ser. 2, v. 8, p. 59-64. (nonsystematic, but names cited by later workers)

Troost, G., 1850b, List of echionderms from the State of Tennessee: American Journal of Science, Proceedings (1849), ser. 2, v. 8, p. 419-420. (nonsystematic, but names cited by later workers)

Troost, G., 1858, In J. Hall, Palaeontology of Iowa: Iowa Geological Survey, v. 1, p. 543, 562.

Trunko, L., 1966, Ein seltener Crinoiden-Kelch aus dem rheinischen Mittledevon: Beiträge zur Naturkundlichen Forschung in Sudwest Deutschland, v. 25, no. 1, p. 93-95, pl. 3-6.

Tschernyschew, (Chernuishev, Chernyshev) Th., 1892, Zamyetka o ghertzinskoi faunye vostochnagho sklona Urala [Note sur la faune hercynienne du versant oriental de l'Oural]: Bulletins du Comité Géologique de St. Petersburg, v. 11, p. 117-134. (In Russian with French summary)

Tschernyschew, Th., 1893, Fauna nizhnyago devona vostochnogo sklona Urala [The fauna of the Lower Devonian from eastern slopes of the Urals] [Die Fauna des unteren Devon am Ostabhange des Ural]: Trudy Geologicheskago Komiteta, v. 4, no. 3, p. 1-221, pl. 1-14. (In Russian, 1-139; German, 140-221)

Tucker, M. E., 1969, Crinoidal turbidites from the Devonian of Cornwall and their paleogeographic significance: Sedimentology, v. 13, p. 281-294. (nonsystematic)

Tufford, S., and Hogberg, R., 1965, Guide to fossil collecting in Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey, Educational Series, v. 1, p. 1-30.

Tull, J. F., Ausich, W. I., Groszos, M. S., and Thompson, T. W., 1993, Appalachian Blue Ridge cover sequence ranges at least into the Ordovician: Geology, v. 21, p. 215-218.

Turek, V., 1988, Echinodermata. In Fossils of the World: Hamlyn Publishers, p. 360-415.

Turek, V., 1990, From the new increments of the Palaeontological Department of the National Museum in Prague: Casopis Národního Muzea, v. 155 (1986), p. 136-140, 4 pl.

Tujutjan, Yu. A., 1972, Stebli krinoidey ulkuntasskogo gorizonta (verkhniy ordovik) [Crinoid stems from the Ulkunta horizon (Upper Ordovician)]: Akademie Nauk Kazakhstana SSR., Seriya Geologische, v. 2, p. 47-49. (In Russian)

Tuyutyan - see Tujutjan

Twenhofel, W. H., 1929, Geology of Anticosti Island: Canada Geological Survey, Memoir 154, p. 1-481, 60 pl. (see Springer, 1929, for crinoids)

Twenhofel, W . H., 1938, Geology and paleontology of the Mingan Islands, Quebec: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 11, p. 1-132. (Echinoderms p. 41-42)

Ubaghs, G., 1943, Note sur la morphologie, la biologie et la systematique du genre Mespilocrinus de Koninck et Le Hon: Bulletin de Museum Royal History Natural Belgium, v. 19, no. 15, p. 1-16.

Ubaghs, G., 1945a, Contribution à la Connaissance des Crinoides de l'Eodevonien de la Belgique. I, Revision systematique des Melocrinitidae: Bulletin de Museum Royal Natural History Belgium, v. 21, no. 15, p. 1-24, 2 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1945b, Contribution à la Connaissance des Crinoides de l'Eodevonien de la Belgique. II, La Morphologie des bras chez Ctenocrinus Bronn: Bulletin de Museum History Natural Belgium, v. 21, no. 16, p. 1-24, 1 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1947, Contribution a la Connaissance des Crinoides de l'Eodevonien de la Belgium. III, L'appareil brachial d' Acanthocrinus Roemer et de Diamenocrinus Oehlert: Bulletin de Museum Royal Natural History Belgium, v. 23, no. 4, p. 1-31, pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1950, Le genre Spyridiocrinus Oehlert: Annales de Paléontologie, v. 36, p. 107-122, pl. 7.

Ubaghs, G., 1952, Ammonicrinus Springer, Crinoidea Flexibilia du Dévonien moyen d'Allemagne: Senckenbergiana, v. 33, p. 203-226, 3 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1953, Classe des Crinoides. In Piveteau, J., ed, Traité de paléontologie: Paris, Masson & Cie, v. 3, p. 658-773.

Ubaghs, G., 1956a, Recherches sur les Crinoides camerata du Silurien de Gotland (Suède). Partie I: Introduction generala et Partie I. Morphologie et paleobiologie de Barrandeocrinus sceptrum Angelin: Arkiv for Zoologi Utgivet av Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, ser. 2, v. 9, no. 26, p. 515-550, 7 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1956b, Recherches sur les Crinoides Camerata du Silurien de Gotland (Suède). Partie II: Morphologie et Position systematique de Polypeltes granulatus Angelin: Arkiv for Zoologi Utgivet av Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Ser. 2, v. 9, no. 27, p. 551-572, 4 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1958a, Morphologie et position systematique de Methabocrinus erraticus Jaekel (Crinoidea Camerata): Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 32, no. 1-2, p. 52-62.

Ubaghs, G., 1958b, Recherches sur les Crinoides Camerata du Silurien de Gotland (Suede) Partie III: Melocrinicae Avec des remargues sur l'evolution des Melocrinidae: Arkiv for Zoologi Utgivet av Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien; ser. 2, v. 11, no. 16, p. 259-306, 5 pl.

 

Ubaghs, G., 1968, Crinoidea. In Moore, R. C. and others, Developments, trends, and outlooks in paleontology: Journal of Paleontology, v. 42, p. 1371.

Ubaghs, G., 1969, Aethocrinus moorei Ubaghs N. Gen., N. sp., le Plus ancien Crinoide dicyclique Connu: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 38, p. 1-25, 3 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1971a, Un crinoide énigmatique ordovicien, Perittocrinus Jaekel: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, v. 137, no. 2, p. 305-336, 2 pl.

Ubaghs, G., 1971b, Diversité et spécialisations des plus anciens échinodermes que l'on connaisse: Biological Reviews, v. 46, p. 157-200.

Ubaghs, G., 1972, More about Aethocrinus moorei Ubaghs, the oldest known dicyclic crinoid: Journal of Paleontology, v. 46, p. 773-775.

Ubaghs, G., 1975, Early Paleozoic echinoderms: Annual Review Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 3, p. 79-98.

Ubaghs, G., 1983, Echinodermata. In Courtessole, R., Marek, L., Pillet, J., Ubaghs, G., and Vizcaino, D., Calymenina, Echinodermata et Hyolitha de L'Ordovicien Inferieur de la Montagne Noire: Mëmoire de la Société Scientifiques l'Aude, p. 33-55, pl. 81-90.

Ubaghs, G., and Boucek, B., 1962, Sur la présence du genre Tiaracrinus Schultze (Crinoidea) dans le Devonien inferieur de Moravie (Tiaracrinus moravicus n. sp.): Sbornik Ustredniho Ustavu Geologickeho, Svazek, v. 27, p. 41-50, 2 pl.

Udden, J. A., 1904, The geology of the Shafter Silver mine district, Presidio County, Texas: Bulletin Univeristy of Texas, Mineral Survey, v. 8, p. 1-60, 2 pl.

Ulrich, A., 1892, I. Palaeozoische Versteinerungen aus Bolivien. In Steinmann, G., Beiträge Zeitschrift für Geologie und Paläontologie von Südamerika: Stüttgart, v. 1, p. 5-116, pl. 1-5.

Ulrich, E. O., 1879, Descriptions of new genera and species of fossils from the Lower Silurian about Cincinnati: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 2, p. 8-30, pl. 7.

Ulrich, E. O., 1882, Descriptions of two new species of crinoids: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 5, p. 175-177, pl. 5.

Ulrich, E. O., 1886, Remarks upon the names Cheirocrinus and Calceocrinus, with descriptions of three new generic terms and one new species: Minnesota Geology and Natural History Survey, Annual Report 14, p. 104-113.

Ulrich, E. O., 1905, The lead, zinc, and fluorspar deposits of Western Kentucky; Chapter 2, Stratigraphic geology: U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 36, p. 22-71, pl. 3-7.

Ulrich, E. O., 1917, The formations of the Chester Series in Western Kentucky and their correlation elsewhere: Kentucky Geological Survey, p. 1-236, 11 pl.

Ulrich, E. O., 1925, New classification of the "Heterocrinidae". In A. F. Foerste, Upper Ordovician faunas of Ontario and Quebec: Canada Geological Survey, Memoir 138, p. 82-106, pl. 6-8.

Ulrich, E. O., 1929, Trachelocrinus, a new genus of Upper Cambrian crinoids: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, v. 19, no. 3, p. 63-66. (not a crinoid)

Unrug, R., and Unrug, S., 1990, Paleontological evidence of Paleozoic age for the Walden Creek Group, Ocoee Supergroup, Tennessee: Geology, v. 18, p. 1041-1045.

Ure, D., 1793, History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride: Glasgow, David Niven, 334 p., 21 pl. (Crinoids p. 318-327, pls. 17-18)

Ures, M., Le Menn, J., and Hladil, J., 1999, Middle Devonian crinoid columnals from Celechovice in Moravia (Czech Republic): Vestnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu v. 74, no. 3, p. 323-333.

Valentine, J. W., and Moore, E. M., 1973, Provinciality and diversity across the Permian-Triassic Systems and their mutual boundary. In Logan, A., and Hills, L. V., eds: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 2, p. 759-766.

Valette, D. A., 1934, Le Permien marin de l'extrême-sud de la Tunisien. III. Les Crinoides permiens du sud de la Tunisie: Memoir Service Carte Geologie. Tunisie, n. s., no. 1, p. 91-101, 1 pl.

Van Sant, J. F., 1965, Actinocrinites grandissimus, a new name for a camerate crinoid from Borden (lower-Middle Mississippian) rocks of Indiana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 39, p. 290-292.

Van Sant, J. F., and Lane, G. N., 1964, Crawfordsville (Indiana) crinoid studies: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Echinodermata Article 7, p. 1-136, 8 pl.

Van Tuyl, F. M., 1925, The stratigraphy of the Mississippian formations of Iowa: Geological Survey Iowa, 30th Annual Report, (1921-1922), p. 33-374, 6 pl.

Vanin, V. C., 1980, Novie vidi permskikh morskikh lilii Srednego Urala i Vostochno-Evropeiskoi platform V kn Novie vidi drevnikh rastenii i bespozvonochnikh SSSR, Vyp. 5 [New species of Permian crinoids from the Middle Urals and eastern European platform. In Stukalina, G. A., ed, New species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR, no. 5]: Akademy Nauk SSSR Paleontologic Institute, p. 119-122, pl. 24. (In Russian)

Vannier, J., and Abe, K., 1992, Recent and early Palaeozoic myodocope ostracodes: functional morphology, phylogeny, distribution and lifestyles: Palaeontology, v. 35, p. 485-517.

Veltkamp, C. J., and Donovan, S. K., 1984, A scanning electron microscope technique for restoring deformed fossils: Lethaia, v. 17, p. 191-195.

Veenyukov (Venjukov) - see Wenjukov

Velasco de Leon, M. P., and Sanchez, B. E. B., 1992, Algunos crinoides (Echinodermata-Crinoidea) del Misisipico-Pensilvanico de San Salvador Patlanoaya, Estado de Puebla: Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontologia, v. 5, no. 1, p. 71-81.

Verneuil, E. de, 1850, Note sur les fossiles dévoniens du district de Sabero (Léon): Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 2, v. 7, p. 155-186, pl. 3-4.

Vialov, O. S., 1953a, K Voprosy o klassifikatsii stebelikov morskikh lilii [De la questions de classification des tiges de Crinoides]: Akademy Nauk SSSR, Doklady, v. 89, no. 6, p. 1087-1090. (In Russian)

Vialov, O. S., 1953b, O klassifikatsii stebelikov morskikh lilii [On the classification of crinoid stems]: Trudy Lvovskogo Geologicheskogo Obshchestva, Paleontologicheskaya Seriya, v. 2, p. 30-45. (In Russian)

Vialov, O. S., 1969, Zamechaniya o klassifikatsi steblei morskikh lilii [Notes on the classification of the stems of marine crinoidea]: Paleontologic Collections, v. 6, no. 1, p. 28-31. (In Russian)

Volborth, A. von, 1864, Über Baerocrinus, eine neue Crinoideen-Gattung aus Ehstland: Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences, St.-Pétersbourg, v. 8, p. 177-181, pl. 1.

Volborth, A. von, 1865, Zur Vestheidigung der Gattung Baerocrinus: Bulletin de l’Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, v. 38, no. 4, p. 442-448. (advance publication 1864, p. 442-447)

Volborth, A. von, 1866, Die angeblichen Homocrinen der "Lethaea Rossica": Moscou, Bulletin de l’Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, v. 39, no. 14, p. 541-550.

Volz, W., 1904, Zur Geologie von Sumatra: Beobachtungen und Studien. Palaeontologie Abhandlungen, v. 10, p. 87-196, pl. 1-12.

Von Buch, L., 1841, On Sphaeronites and some other genera from which Crinoidea originate: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 1, v. 6, p. 12-15.

Von Buch, L., 1844, Sur les terrains siluriens de l’Amérique du Nord: Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, ser. 2, v. 1, p. 209-215, pl. 3. (Often cited as de Verneuil, as letter was communicated by de Verneuil)

Von Graff, L., 1885, Über einige deformitaten an fossilen Crinoiden: Palaeontographica ser. 3, v. 31, no. 7, p. 185-191, pl. 16.

Von Hacht, U., 1992, Ein fossiles Echinodermen-Element von Sylt: Geschiebekd Aktuell, v. 8, no. 2, p. 127-131.

Waagen, W., 1887, Salt-Range fossils. I. Productus-Limestone fossils. 5. Bryozoa-Annelida-Echinodermata: Palaeontologica Indica, ser. 13, v. 1, p. 771-834, pl. 87-98.

Waagen, W., and Jahn, J. J. In Jahn, J. J.,1892, Beitrage zur Stratigraphie und Tektonik der Mittelbohmischen Silurformation: Jahrbuch der Geologischen Reichesanstalt, v. 42, no. 3, p. 399.

Waagen, W., and Jahn, J., 1899, In Barrande, J., Systeme Silurien du centre de La Bohême, Vol. VII, Classe des Echinodermes, pt. 2., Famille des Crinoides: Prague, Rivnác; Leipzig, Gerhard, 216 p., pl. 40-79.

Wachsmuth, C., 1868, Notes on some points in the structure and habits of Paleozoic Crinoidea: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 19, p. 323-334. (Note, this paper cited in Moore and Teichert, 1978, is by Meek and Worthen.)

Wachsmuth, C., 1877, Notes on the internal and external structures of Paleozoic crinoids. American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 14, w.v. 114, p. 115-127, 181-191.

Wachsmuth, C., 1878, Notes on the internal and external structures of Paleozoic crinoids: Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 5, v. 1, p. 379-392; 453-463.

Wachsmuth, C., 1882, Descriptions of two new species of crinoids from the Chester Limestone and Coal Measures of Illinois: Illinois State Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, v. 1, p. 40-43.

Wachsmuth, C., 1886, Description of a new crinoid from the Hamilton Group of Michigan: Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Science, v. 4, p. 95-97, 1 pl.

Wachsmuth, C., 1896, Class Crinoidea. In Zittel, K. A. von, Text-book of palaeontology, C. R. Eastman (ed. and translator): London, New York, Macmillan, v. 1, p. 124-177.

Wachsmuth, C., and Barris, W. H., 1883, Description of fossil invertebrates [Crinoidea]: Illinois Geological Survey, v. 7, p. 339-345, pl. 29-30.

Wachsmuth C., and Springer, F., 1877, Revision of the genus Belemnocrinus, and description of two new species: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 13, p. 253-259.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1878, Transition-forms in crinoids and descriptions of 5 new species: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 29, p. 224-266. (Note: A separate of this paper, p. 223-266, has a plate with it in the Springer Collection at the U. S. National Museum. There is no plate in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for this paper. It is unknown if the separate was circulated or not, Bassler and Moodey, 1943, cite the plate and figures for contained taxa. GDW)

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1880-1886, Revision of the Palaeocrinoidea: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Pt. I. The families Ichthyocrinidae and Cyathocrinidae (1880), p. 226-378, pl. 15-17 (separate repaged p. 1-153, pl. 1-3). Pt. II. Family Sphaeroidocrinidae, with the sub-families Platycrinidae, Rhodocrinidae, and Actinocrinidae (1881), p. 177-411, pl. 17-19 (separate repaged, p. 1-237, pl. 17-19). Pt. III, Sec. 1. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions (1885), p. 225-364, pl. 4-9 (separate repaged, 1-138, pl. 4-9). Pt. III, Sec. 2. Discussion of the classification and relations of the brachiate crinoids, and conclusion of the generic descriptions (1886), p. 64-226 (separate repaged to continue with section 1, 139-302).

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1883a, Remarks on Glyptocrinus and Reteocrinus, two genera of Silurian crinoids: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 25, p. 255-268.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1883b, On Hybocrinus, Hoplocrinus, and Baerocrinus: American Journal of Science, ser. 3, v. 26, p. 365-377.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1887, The summit plates in blastoids, crinoids, and cystids, and their morphological relations. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 38, p. 82-114.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1888, The summit plates in blastoids, crinoids, and cystids, and their morphological relations: American Geologist, v. 1, p. 61.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1889a, Discovery of the ventral structure of Taxocrinus and Haplocrinus, and consequent modifications in the classifications of the crinoidea: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 40, p. 337-363, pl. 18.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1889b, Crotalocrinus, its structure and zoological position: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 40, p. 364-390, pl. 19-20.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1889c, In Miller, S. A., North American Geology and Paleontology: Cincinnati, Western Methodist Book Concern, 664 p.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1890a, New species of crinoids and blastoids from the Kinderhook Group of the Lower Carboniferous rocks at LeGrand, Iowa, and a new genus from the Niagaran Group of Western Tennessee: Illinois Geological Survey, v. 8, pt. 2, Palaeontology of Illinois, sec. 2, p. 155-206, pl. 12-17.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1890b, A new genus (Allocrinus) from the Niagara Group of western Tennessee: Illinois Geological Survey, v. 8, pt. 2, Palaeontology of Illinois, sec. 2, p. 206-208.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1891, The perisomic plates of the crinoids: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 41, p. 345-392, pl. 9-10.

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1892, Description of two new genera and eight species of camerate crinoids from the Niagara Group: American Geologist, v. 10, p. 135-144. (Bassler and Moodey, 1943, incorrectly cite this paper as Geological Magazine)

Wachsmuth, C., and Springer, F., 1897, The North American Crinoidea Camerata: Harvard College Museum of Comparative Zoology, Memoir, v. 20, p. 1-359; v. 21, p. 360-897; atlas, 83 pl.

Waddington, J., von Bitter, P. H., and Collins, D., 1978, Catalogue of type invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils in the Royal Ontario Museum: Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Miscellanous Publication, 151 p. (nonsystematic)

Wahlenberg, G., 1820a, Ous Svenska jordens bildning: Svea, v. 1 (1818) 1824, p. 1-99, 12 pl.

Wahlenberg, G., 1820b, Ous Svenska jordens bildning: Journal de Physique, de Chimie, et de Histiire Naturelle Arts, v. 91, p. 24-38, 186-199.

Waisfeld, B. G., 1989, Comunidad de Bridgerocrinus (Crinoidea: Scytalocrinidae) en la formacion Talacasto (Devonico) de la Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina: Ameghiniana, v. 25, p. 273-279.

Walch, J.E.I., 1762, Das Steinreich systematisch entworfen. Zwei Theile: Halle, J. J. Gebauer, 172 p., 24 pl.

Walcott, C. D., 1884, Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Trenton Group of New York: New York State Museum of Natural History, Annual Report, v. 35, p. 207-214, pl. 17 (Advance publication, 1883.)

Walker, K. E., 1973a, Mud Substrata in Principles of benthic community analysis, notes for a short course: Sedimentia IV, Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, University of Miami, p. 5.1-5.11.

Walker, K. R., 1973b, Reefs through time: a synoptic review. In Principles of benthic community analysis, notes for a short course: Sedimentia IV, Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, University of Miami, p. 8.1-8.20.

Walker, K. R., 1973c, Community patterns: Middle Ordovician of Tennessee. In Principles of benthic community analysis, notes for a short course: Sedimentia IV, Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, University of Miami, p. 9.1-9.1.

Walter, J. C., Jr., 1953, Paleontology of Rustler Formation, Culberson County, Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 27, p. 679-702.

Walther, J., 1897, Über die Lebensweise fossiler Meeresthiere: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, v. 49, p. 209-273.

Walther, K., 1907, Beiträge zur Geologie und Paläontologie des älteren Pälaozoicum in Ostthüringen. 1. Das Mitteldevon und untere Oberdevon. 2. Fossilreste im tiefen Silur (Sogen. Cambrium): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart, Suppl., v. 24, no. 2, p. 221-324, pl. 13-17.

Wang, L-W. and others, 1956, Chung Kuo Piao Chun Hua Shih Shou Tse Shanghai [Handbook of index fossils in China]: Shanghai, New Knowledge Press, 668 p., illus.

Wang, Y., 1995, On discovery of Neoarchaeocrinus in China: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 34, p. 344-349, l pl.

Wanner, J., 1910a, Einige geologische Ergebnisse einer im Jahre 1909 ausgeführten Reise durch den östlichen Teil des indoaustralischen Archipels: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, v. 5, p. 137-147.

Wanner, J., 1910b, Neues ueber die Perm- Trias- und Juraformation des indoaustralischen Archipels: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie, v. 5, p. 736-741.

Wanner, J., 1911, Uber eine merkwürdige Echinodermenform aus dem Perm von Timor: Zeitschrift für Induktive Abstammungs und Vererbungsiehre (1910), v. 4, no. 2, p. 123-142, 2 pl.

Wanner, J., 1912, Timorocrinus nov. gen. aus dem Perm von Timor Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, v. 19, p. 599-605.

Wanner, J., 1913, Geologie von Westtimor: Geologisches Rundschau, v. 4, no. 2, p. 81-87.

Wanner, J., 1915, Neues über Lodanella mira E. Kays: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 2, p. 81-87.

Wanner, J., 1916a, Die Permischen echinodermen von Timor, I. Teil: Palaontologie von Timor, v. 11, p. 1-329, pl. 94-114.

Wanner, J., 1916b, Eifelocrinus und Peripterocrinus, nom. Nov: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Monatsbericht, v. 68, p. 200.

Wanner, J., 1916c, Ptilocrinus, eine neue Krinoidengattung aus dem Unterdevon der Eifel: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, Abhandlungen und Monatsbericht, v. 68, p. 343-359, pl. 28.

Wanner, J., 1920a, Über Armlose Krinoiden aus dem jüngeren Palaeozoikum: Verhandelingen Geologie Mijnbouw Genootoch, Geologic Series, v. 5, p. 21-35.

Wanner, J., 1920b, Über einige palaeozoische Seeigelstracheln (Timorocidaris gen nov. und Bolboporites Pander): Koninklijke Nederlandes Akademie van Wetenschappen Amsterdam Wis en Natuurk, Proceedings, v. 28, p. 797-813.

Wanner, J., 1924a, Die Permian Blastoiden von Timor: Jaarbook van net Mijnwezen Nederlandes Oost-Indie, Verhandlungen, Jaargang 1922, v. 51, p. 163-233, 5 pl.

Wanner, J., 1924b, Die permischen Krinoiden von Timor: Jaarbook van net Mijnwezen Nederlandes Oost-Indie, Verhandlungen (1921), Gedeelte, v. 3, p. 1-348, 22 pl.

Wanner, J., 1924c, Die Permischen echinodermen von Timor, II. Teil: Palaontologie von Timor, v. 23, p. 1-81, pl. 199-206.

Wanner, J., 1926, Die marine Permfauna von Timor: Geologischer Rundschau, 17a, Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Geologie, p. 20-48.

Wanner, J., 1929a, Die Krinoiden-Gattung Holopus im Lichte der Palaontologie: Paläontologiche Zeitschrift, v. 11, no. 4, p. 318-330, pl. 8.

Wanner, J., 1929b, Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor. I. Allagecrinus. II. Hypocrinites: Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indie, Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen v. 11, p. 1-116, 11 pl.

Wanner, J., 1930a, Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinoderm von Timor, III. Hypocrinae, Paracatillocrinus und Allagecrinus dux: Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indie, Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen v. 13, p. 1-31, 2 pl.

Wanner, J., 1930b, Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor, IV. Flexibilia: Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indie, Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen, v. 14, p. 1-61, 4 pl.

Wanner, J., 1931a, Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor, V. Poteriocrinidae I. Teil; VI Blastoidea. Dienst van den Mijnbouw in Nederlandsch-Indie; Wetenschappelijke Mededeelingen, v. 16, p. 1-77, 9 pl.

Wanner, J., 1931b, Echinodermata. In Feestbundel uitgegeven ter eere van Prof. Dr. K. Martin 1851-1931. I. De Palaeontologie en Stratigraphie van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie: Leidsche Geologische Mededeelingen Feestbundel Leiden, v. 5, p. 436-460. (nonsystematic)

Wanner, J., 1931c, Das Alter der permischen Basleoschichten von Timor: Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie 1931, Abteilung B, p. 539-549.

Wanner, J., 1934, Stachelhäuter (Paläontologie): Handwort Naturwiss, v. 2, p. 484-516.

Wanner, J., 1937, Neue beiträge zur kenntnis der Permischen echinodermen von Timor, VIII-XIII: Palaeontographica, Supplement 4, IV Abteilungen, Abschnitt 1, p. 1-212, 14 pl.

Wanner, J., 1940, Neue beiträge zur Kenntnis der permischen Echinodermen von Timor; XIV Poteriocrinidae, 3, Teil: Palaeontographica, Supplement 4, p. 215-242, 4 pl.

Wanner, J., 1941, Neue beiträge zur kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor. XVI. Poteriocrinidae 4, Teil: Palaeontographica, Supplement 4, p. 297-314, 2 pl.

Wanner, J., 1942a, Einige neue Krinoiden aus dem Mittel-Devon der Eifel: Decheniana, A B, Festschrift, v. 101, p. 25-38, 1 pl.

Wanner, J., 1942b, Beiträge zur Paläontologie des Ostindischen Archipels; XIX, Die Crinoidengattung Paradoxocrinus aus dem Perm von Timor: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, Abteilung B, v. 7, p. 201-214.

Wanner, J., 1943, Die Krinoiden des Rheinischen Devons: Rheinische Heimatpflege, v. 13 (1941), no. 1/2, p. 27-38.

Wanner, J., 1948, Revue of numerous echinoderm articles: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläeontologie, Teil 3, no. 2, p. 319-336. (nonsystematic, some pertinent comments)

Wanner, J., 1949a, Neue Beiträge zur kenntnis der Permischen Echinodermen von Timor, Poteriocrinidae 16, Teil 4: Palaeontographica, Supplement 4, p. 1-56, 3 pl.

Wanner, J., 1949b, Ungleiche Primaxillaria und andere Abweichungen von der normalen Symmetrie bei paläozoischen Crinoiden: Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie Abhandlungen, v. 91, Abteilung B, p. 81-100.

Wanner, J., 1950, --crinites oder crinus?: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatschafte, v. 11, p. 341-347.

Wanner, J., 1951, Über die crinoidengattung Timorocidaris: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatschafte (1950), v. 12, p. 360-370.

Wanner, J., 1953, Document 36/3, -crinites or –crinus?: London, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 10, p. 367-371.

Wanner, J., 1955, Die Anal struktur von Ammonicrinus Springer nebst Bemerkungen über Aberrauzen und Anomalien bei Krinoiden: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatschafte (1954), v. 5, p. 231-236.

Warn, J. M., 1973, The Ordovician crinoid Heterocrinus, with reference to brachial variability in H. tenuis: Journal of Paleontology, v. 47, p. 10-18, 1 pl.

Warn, J. M., 1974, Presumed myzostomid infestation of an Ordovician crinoid: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 506-513, 1 pl.

Warn, J. M., 1975, Monocyclism vs. dicyclism. A primary schism in crinoid phylogeny?: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 67, no. 287, p. 423-441.

Warn, J. M., 1982, Long-armed disparid inadunates. In Sprinkle, J., ed, Echinoderm faunas from the Bromide Formation (Middle Ordovician) of Oklahoma: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Monograph 1, p. 77-89.

Warn, J. M., and Strimple, H. L., 1977, The disparid inadunate superfamilies Homocrinacea and Cincinnaticrinacea (Echinodermata. Crinoidea), Ordovician-Silurian, North America: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 72, no. 296, p. 1-13, 18 pl.

Warren, P. T., Price, D., Nutt, M.J.C., and Smith, E. G., 1984, Geology of the country around Rhyl and Denbigh. Memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheets 95 and 107 and parts of sheets 94 and 106: British Geological Survey, p. 1-217, 13 pl.

Washburn, A. T., 1968, Early Pennsylvanian crinoids from the south central Wasatch Mountains of central Utah: Brigham Young University Geology Studies, v. 15, p. 115-131, 3 pl.

Waterhouse, J. B. and Vella, P., 1965, A Permian fauna from north-west Nelson, New Zealand: Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, v. 3, no. 5, p. 57-84, pl. 1-5.

Waterlot, G., 1931, Description d’un Scyphocrinus elegans Zenker Crinoïde du Silurien supérieur des Pyrénées Orientales: Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, v. 56, p. 49-62, pl. 6.

Waters, J. A., Broadhead, T. W., and Horowitz, A. S., 1982, The evolution of Pentremites (Blastoidea) and Carboniferous crinoid community succession. In Lawrence, J. M., ed, International Echinoderms Conference, Tampa Bay: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 133-138.

Waters, J. A., and Maples, C. G., 1991, Mississippian pelmatozoan community reorganization: a predation-mediated faunal change: Paleobiology, v. 17, p. 400-410.

Waters, J. A., Maples, C. R., and Horowitz, A. S., 1993, Mississippian echinoderms from Alabama - an overview. In Pashin, J. C., ed, New perspective on the Mississippian system of Alabama: A guidebook for the 30th annual field trip of the Alabama Geological Society, p. 41-50. (nonsystematic)

Watkins, R., and Hurst, J. M., 1977, Community relations of Silurian crinoids at Dudley, England: Paleobiology, v. 3, p. 207-217.

Webby, B. D., 1961, A Middle Devonian inadunate crinoid from West Somerset, England: Palaeontology, v. 4, p. 538-541, pl. 67.

Webby, B. D., 1965, Quantoxocrinus, a new Devonian inadunate crinoid from West Somerset: Palaeontology, v. 8, p. 11-15, pl. 4.

Weber, G. F., 1992, Pelmatozoa. In Webers, G. F., Craddock, C., and Splettstoesser, J. F., eds, Geology and paleontology of the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica: Geological Society of America, Memoir 170, p. 251.

Weber, J. N., 1969, The Incorporation of magnesium into the skeletal calcites of echinoderms: American Journal of Science, v. 267, p. 537-566.

Weber, J. N., Greer, R., Voight, B., White, E., and Roy, R., 1969, Unusual strength properties of echinoderm calcite related to structure: Journal of Ultrastructure Research, v. 26, p. 355-366.

Webster, G. D., 1973, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1942-1968: Geological Society of America, Memoir 137, p. 1-341.

Webster, G. D., 1974, Crinoid pluricolumnal noditaxis patterns: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 1283-1288.

Webster, G. D., 1976, A new genus of calceocrinid from Spain with comments on mosaic evolution: Paleontology, v. 19, p. 681-688, pl. 103.

Webster, G. D., 1977, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1969-1973: Geological Society of America, Microform Publication 8, p. 1-235, 3 cards.

Webster, G. D., 1981, New crinoids from the Naco Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Arizona and a revision of the Family Cromyocrinidae: Journal of Paleontology, v. 55, p. 1176-1199, 2 pl.

Webster, G. D., 1986, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1974-1980: Geological Society of America, Microform Publication 16, p. 1-405, 5 cards.

Webster, G. D., 1987, Permian crinoids from the type-section of the Callytharra Formation, Callytharra Springs, Western Australia: Alcheringa, v. 11, p. 95-135.

Webster, G. D., 1988, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids and coronate echinoderms 1981-1985: Geological Society of America, Microform Publication 18, p. 1-235, 3 cards.

Webster, G. D., 1990, New Permian crinoids from Australia: Palaeontology, v. 33, p. 49-73, 3 pl.

Webster, G. D., 1991a, An evaluation of the V. J. Gupta echinoderm papers, 1971-1989: Journal of Paleontology, v. 65, p. 1006-1008. (nonsystematic)

Webster, G. D.,1991b, Tournaisian and early Visean crinoid faunas of western North America: XIe Congrés Internationel de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifére Beijing 1987, Compte Rendu (1989), v. 2, p. 376-381. (nonsystematic)

Webster, G. D., 1993, Bibliography and index of Paleozoic crinoids, 1986-1990: Geological Society of America, Microform Publication 25, p. 1-204, 3 cards. (nonsystematic)

Webster, G. D., 1997, Lower Carboniferous echinoderms from northern Utah and western Wyoming: Utah Geological Survey Bulletin 128, Paleontology Series, v. 1, p. 1-65.

Webster, G. D., 1998a, Distortion in the stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Timor, a historical review with an analysis of the crinoid and blastoid faunas: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, v. 110, no. 1/2, p. 45-72.

Webster, G. D., 1998b, Palaeobiogeography of Tethys Permian crinoids: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, v. 110, no. 1/2, p. 289-308.

Webster, G. D.,1998c, Distortion in the stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of Timor, a historical review with an analysis of the crinoid and blastoid faunas, p. 45-72. In Shi, G. R., Archbold, N. W., and Grover, M., eds The Permian System: stratigraphy, palaeogeography & resources (Proceedings of the Strzelecki International Symposium on the Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources): Deakin University, Rusden Campus, Melbourne, Australia, 461 p. (same as Webster, 1998a)

Webster, G. D., 1998d, Palaeobiogeography of Tethys Permian crinoids, p. 289-308. In Shi, G. R., Archbold, N. W., and Grover, M., eds, The Permian System: stratigraphy, palaeogeography & resources (Proceedings of the Strzelecki International Symposium on the Permian of Eastern Tethys: biostratigraphy, palaeogeography and resources): Deakin University, Rusden Campus, Melbourne, Australia, 461 p. (same as Webser, 1998b)

Webster, G. D., and Delattre, M. P., 1993, Permian crinoid columnals from the Zamora Formation near El Volcan, Baja California Norte, Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 279, p. 91-95.

Webster, G. D., and Fox, S. E., 1986, A new Devonian species of flexible crinoid from the Lost River Range, east-central Idaho: Journal of Paleontology, v. 60, p. 405-410.

Webster, G. D., and Gupta, V. J., 1984, A new crinoid and associated conodonts from near Surichun La, Ladakh, Himalaya, India: Bulletin of the Indian Geologists' Association, v. 17, no. 2, p. 139-143. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Webster, G. D., and Gupta, V. J., 1985, Additional Palaeozoic crinoids from Ladakh, Himalaya India. In Gupta, V. J., and others, eds, Geology of western Himalayas: Contributions to Himalayan Geology, v. 3, p. 61-65, 1 pl. (Note, most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Webster, G. D., and Gupta, V. J., 1986, Eucalyptocrinites from near Losar, Spiti Valley, Himalayas: Bulletin of the Indian Geologists' Association, v. 19, p. 69-71. (Note: most Gupta localities considered fraudulent, Webster, 1991a)

Webster, G. D., Hafley, D. J., Blake, D. B., and Glass, A., 1999, Crinoids and stelleroids (Echinodermata) from the Broken Rib Member, Dyer Formation (Late Devonian, Famennian) of the White River Plateau, Colorado: Journal of Paleontology, v. 73, p. 461-486.

Webster, G. D., and Houck, K. J., 1998, Middle Pennsylvanian, late Atokan-early Desmoinesian echinoderms from an intermontane basin, the Central Colorado Trough: Journal of Paleontology, v. 72, p. 1054-1072.

Webster, G. D., and Jell, P. A., 1992, Permian echinoderms from Western Australia: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 32, no. 1, p. 311-373.

Webster, G. D., and Jell, P. A., 1993, Early Permian inadunate crinoids from Thailand: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 33, no. 1, p. 349-359.

Webster, G. D., and Jell, P. A., 1999a, New Carboniferous crinoids from eastern Australia: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 43, no. 1, p. 237-278.

Webster, G. D., and Jell, P. A., 1999b, New Permian crinoids from eastern Australia: Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, v. 43, no. 1, p. 279-340.

Webster, G. D., and Lane, N. G., 1967, Additional Permian crinoids from southern Nevada: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 27, p. 1-32, 8 pl.

Webster, G. D., and Lane, N. G., 1970, Carboniferous echinoderms from the southwestern United States: Journal of Paleontology, v. 44, p. 276-296, pl. 55-58.

Webster, G. D., and Lane, N. G., 1987, Crinoids from the Anchor Limestone (Lower Mississippian) of the Monte Cristo Group Southern Nevada: University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Paper 119, p. 1-55.

Webster, G. D., and Olson, T J., 1998, Nacocrinus elliotti, a new pachylocrinid from the Naco Formation (Pennsylvanian, Desmoinesian) of central Arizona: Journal of Paleontology, v. 72, p. 510-512.

Weckherlin De Marez Oyens - see Marez Oyens

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Weller, S., 1897b, Cryptodiscus Hall: Journal of Geology, v. 5, p. 803-808.

Weller, S., 1898a, Descriptions of Devonian crinoids and blastoids from Milwaukee, Wisconsin: New York Academy of Science, Annual Report, v. 11, p. 117-124, pl. 14.

Weller, S., 1898b, Description of a new species of Hydreionocrinus from the Coal Measures of Kansas: Transactions of the New York Academy of Science, v. 16, p. 373-374, pl. 34.

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Weller, S., 1898d, The Silurian fauna interpreted on the epicontinental basis: Journal of Geology, v. 6, p. 692-703.

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Wetherby, A. G., 1880a, Descriptions of new crinoids from the Cincinnati Group of the Lower Silurian and Subcarboniferous of Kentucky: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 2, p. 245-253, pl. 16.

Wetherby, A. G., 1880b, Remarks on the Trenton Limestone of Kentucky, with descriptions of new fossils from that formation and the Kaskaskia (Chester) Group, Sub-carboniferous: Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, v. 3, p. 144-160, pl. 5.

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Wright, J., 1911-12, On the crinoids from the Lower Carboniferous limestones of Invertiel Fife: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 10, p. 49-60, pl. 5-7.

Wright, J., 1912, Additions to the fauna of the Lower Carboniferous limestones of Leslie and St. Monans, Fife: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 10, p. 132-147.

Wright, J., 1914, On the occurrence of crinoids in the Lower Carboniferous limestones of Fife: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 10, p. 148-163, pl. 18-21.

Wright, J., 1920a, On Carboniferous crinoids from Fife; with notes on some localities, and provisional lists of species: Transactions of the Geological Society of Glasgow, v. 16, p. 363-392, pl. 13-19.

Wright, J., 1920b, Notes on the structure, character, and relationships of the Lower Carboniferous limestones of St. Monans, Fife: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 11, p. 165-184.

Wright, J., 1923, Artichthyocrinus, n. g., a flexible crinoid from the Carboniferous limestone of Fife: Geological Magazine, v. 60, p. 481-490.

Wright, J., 1924, A "Woodocrinus" fauna from the Scottish border: Geological Magazine, v. 61, p. 270-279, pl. 13-16.

Wright, J., 1925, Notes on the occurrence of crinoids in the Carboniferous limestones in Scotland: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 11, p. 275-299, pl. 26-29.

Wright, J., 1926, Notes on the anal plates of Eupachycrinus calyx and Zeacrinus konincki: Geological Magazine, v. 63, p. 145-164, pl. 15-17.

Wright, J., 1927, Some variations in Ulocrinus and Hydreionocrinus: Geological Magazine, v. 64, p. 352-373.

Wright, J., 1928, A rare Euryocrinus from the Carboniferous limestone of Coplow Knoll, Clitheroe: Geological Magazine, v. 65, p. 246-254.

Wright, J., 1932, The Scottish species of Allagecrinus: Geological Magazine, v. 69, p. 337-366, pl. 23-25.

Wright, J., 1933, Two new crinoids from the Scottish Carbonifeous Limestones, with notes on the Allagecrinidae: Geological Magazine, v. 70, p. 193-208, pl. 13-14.

Wright, J., 1934, New Scottish and Irish fossil crinoids: Geological Magazine, v. 71, p. 241-268, pl. 13-15.

Wright, J., 1935, New crinoids from Coplow Knoll, Clitheroe, with lists of Carboniferous limestone crinoid species: Geological Magazine, v. 72, p. 193-213, pl. 7-9.

Wright, J., 1936, New Scottish Carboniferous crinoids: Geological Magazine, v. 73, p. 385-412, pl. 7-10.

Wright, J., 1937a, Scottish Carboniferous crinoids: Geological Magazine, v. 74, p. 385-411, pl. 13-16.

Wright, J., 1937b, A new species of Taxocrinus from the Delabole Slates of Cornwall: Summary of Progress of the Geological Survey for 1935, v. 2, p. 89-92, pl. 5.

Wright, J., 1938a, Some British platycrinidae and descriptions of new species: Geological Magazine, v. 75, p. 266-287, pl. 8-11.

Wright, J., 1938b, Anemetocrinus N.G. a five-armed poteriocrinid from the Lower Carboniferous limestones of Scotland: Geological Magazine, v. 75, p. 337-346, pl. 13-14.

Wright, J., 1939, The Scottish Carboniferous Crinoidea: Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, v. 60, no. 1, pt. 1, p. 1-78, 12 pl.

Wright, J., 1941, Allagecrinus biplex Wright-a revision of the species, with notes on other Scottish Allagecrinidae: Geological Magazine, v. 78, p. 293-304, pl. 7.

Wright, J., 1942, New British Carboniferous crinoids: Geological Magazine, v. 79, p. 269-283, pl. 9-12.

Wright, J., 1943a, Pimlicocrinus gen. nov. and two new species of Amphoracrinus from the Carboniferous Limestone: Geological Magazine, v. 80, p. 81-94, pl. 3-6.

Wright, J., 1943b, Notes on Actinocrinites elephantinus Austin and Amphoracrinus brevicalix Rofe: Geological Magazine, v. 80, p. 231-236, pl. 8.

Wright, J., 1944, Rhabdocrinus n. g. from the Scottish Carboniferous limestone: Geological Magazine, v. 81, p. 266-271, pl. 10-11.

Wright, J., 1945, Tyrieocrinus (gen. nov.) and Scotiacrinus (gen. nov.) and seven new species of inadunate crinoids from the Carboniferous limestones of Scotland and Yorkshire: Geological Magazine, v. 82, p. 114-125, pl. 2-3.

Wright, J., 1946a, Caldenocrinus gen. nov. and related Scottish crinoids: Geological Magazine, v. 83, p. 33-38, pl. 3-4.

Wright, J., 1946b, New species of Taxocrinus and Synbathocrinus and other rare crinoids from the Carboniferous limestone of Coplow Knoll, Clitheroe: Geological Magazine, v. 83, p. 121-128, pl. 7-9.

Wright, J., 1947, Steganocrinus westheadi n. sp. and note on a rare crinoid and a blastoid from the Carboniferous Limestone of Coplow Knoll, Clitheroe: Geological Magazine, v. 84, p. 101-105, pl. 3.

Wright, J., 1948, Scytalocrinus seafieldensis sp. nov. and a rare Ureocrinus from the Carboniferous limestones of Fife; with notes on a blastoid and two crinoids from the Carboniferous limestone of the Clitheroe area: Geological Magazine, v. 85, p. 48-52, pl. 5.

Wright, J., 1950-1960, The British Carboniferous Crinoidea: Palaeontographical Society, Monograph, v. 1, no. 1, p. 1-24, pl. 1-7, 1950; v. 1, no. 2, p. 25-46, pl. 8-12, 1951a; v. 1, no. 3, p. 47-102, pl. 13-31, 1951b; v. 1, no. 4, p. 103-148, pl. 32-40, 1952a; v. 1, no. 5, p. 149-190, pl. 41-47, 1954a; v. 2, no. 1, p. 191-254, pl. 48-63, 1955a; v. 2, no. 2, p. 255-272, pl. 64-67, 1955b; v. 2, no. 3, p. 273-306, pl. 68-75, 1956b; v. 2, no. 4, p. 307-328, pl. 76-81, 1958; v. 2, no. 5, p. 329-347, pl. A-B, 1960 (post humously, see Wright and Ramsbottom, 1960).

Wright, J., 1952b, Crinoids from Thornton Burn, East Lothian: Geological Magazine, v. 89, p. 320-327, pl. 13.

Wright, J., 1952c, Anomalous excavations in the radials of Hydreionocrinus parkinsoni Wright: Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society, v. 15, p. 406-409, pl. 11.

Wright, J., 1954b, Idosocrinus gen. nov. and other crinoids from Thornton Burn, East Lothian: Geological Magazine, v. 91, p. 167-170, pl. 3.

Wright, J., 1956a, Proposed determination under the plenary powers of the interpretation of the nominal species Actinocrinus gilbertsoni Phillips, 1836 (Class Crinoidea): London, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 12, p. 156-158.

Wright, J., 1957, Addendum to application relating to the proposed determination under the plenary powers of the interpretation of the nominal species Actinocrinus gilbertsoni Phillips, 1836 (Class Crinoidea): London, Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, v. 13, p. 25.

Wright, J. and Ramsbottom, W.H.C., 1960, The British Carboniferous Crinoidea: Palaeontographical Society Monograph, v. 2, no. 5, p. 329-347, pl. A-B.

Wright, J. and Strimple, H.L., 1945, Mooreocrinus and Ureocrinus gen. nov., with notes on the family Cromyocrinidae: Geological Magazine, v. 82, p. 221-229, pl. 9.

Wright, T., 1873, In Hicks, H., On the Tremadoc rocks in the neighbourhood of St. David's, South Wales, and their fossil contents: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 29, p. 39-52, pl. 3-5.

Wulff, J. I., and Ausich, W. I., 1989, Growth of the xenomorphic crinoid column (Taxocrinus, Late Mississippian): Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, p. 657-662.

Xu, I-w., 1962, Caelocrinus--Noavyi rod morskikh lilii iz srednesiluriiskogo otdela v provintsii sychuan [Caelocrinus, new genus of crinoid of Middle Silurian age from the province of Si-Tuhouan-I]: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 10, p. 45-54, 1 pl. (In Chinese, p. 45-49; Russian, p. 50-53)

Xu, I-w., 1963, Nekotorye "shestigrannye lillii (Hexacrinites) iz sveduedevonskogo otdela uezda Syansyan prov Guansi [Some hexagonal crinoids (Hexacrinites) from the Middle Devonian section in the Syansyan District of Kwangsi Province]: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 11, p. 108-118. (In Chinese, p. 108-113; Russian 113-118)

Xu, I-w., Shan, J., and Zhang, D-q., 1962. Crinoids of Carboniferous from Olongbuluke in Qinghai: Geology of Qilianshan, v. 4, no. 5, p. 115-127, pl. 1-2.

Xue, Y-s., Tang, T-f., and Yu, C-l., 1992, Discovery of oldest skeletal fossils from Upper Sinian Doushantuo Formation in Weng’an, Guizhou, and its significance: Acta Palaeontological Sinica, v. 31, p. 530-539, 2 pls.

Yabe, H., and Sugiyama, T., 1934, An upper Paleozoic crinoid from Japan: Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography, v. 11, p. 349-351, pl. 44.

Yakovlev (Jakovlev, Yakowlew), N. N., 1918, Novya dannya o rod Cryptocrinus i svyaz morskikh lilii s tsistoideyami [Some new data on Cryptocrinus and the connection between the Crinoidea and Cystoidea]: Ezhegodnik Russkogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva (1917), v. 2, p. 7-26. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1922a, Über den Parasitismus der Wurmer Mysostomidae auf den palaozoischen Crinoiden: Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, v. 54, p. 287-291.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1922b, Über den Commensalismus der paläozoischen Gastropoden der Gattung Platyceras mit den Crinoiden: Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, v. 54, p. 291-294.

Yakovlev, N. N, 1926a, A fauna of armless crinoids and crinoids with an incomplete number of arms in the Permo-Carboniferous of the Urals: Izvestiy Geologicheskogo Komiteta (Bulletin Committee Geology) Leningrad (1925), v. 44, p. 2.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1926b, On Cystoblastus, Nymphaeoblastus, and Acrocrinus [O Cystoblastus, Nymphaeoblastus i Acrocrinus.]: Izvestiy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, Leningrad, v. 45, no. 2, p. 43-49, 1 pl.

Yakolev, N. N., 1926c, Fauna iglokozhikh permokarbona iz Krasnoufimska na Urale. I [Echinoderm fauna from the Permocarboniferous of Krasnoufimsk in the Urals, I]: Izvestiy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, Leningrad, v. 45, no. 2, p. 51-57, pl. 1. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1926d, O anomaliyakh v stroenii chashchechki morskikh lilii [On the anomalies in the cup of the crinoids]: Ezhegodnik Russkogo Paleontologiches-kogo Obshchestva (1922-24), v. 4, p. 29-31. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1926e, Yavlenie parazitizma, kommensalizma i simbioza u paleozoiskikh bespozvonochnikh [The phenomena of the parasitism, commensalism, and symbiosis in Paleozoic invertebrates]: Ezhegodnik Russkogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva (1922-1924), v. 4, p. 113-117. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1926f, O kommensalizme paleozoichikh gastropod roda Platyceras c morskimi liliyami [On commensalism of the Paleozoic gastropod genus Platyceras on sea lilies]: Ezhegodnik Russkogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestra (1922-1924), v. 4, p. 117-124. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1927a, Sur l'homologie dans la structure de la face ventrale du calice de Cystoidea et de Crioidea: Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Sciences de l'URSS), v. 3, p. 54-56.

Yakolev, N. N., 1927b, Fauna iglokozhikh permokarbona iz Krasnoufimska na Urale. II [Echinoderm fauna from the Permocarboniferous of Krasnoufimsk in the Urals, II]: Izvestiy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, Leningrad, v. 46, no. 3, p. 181-192, pl. 6. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1928a, Sur la teratologie et la morphogenie des crinoides abrachiates: Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Sciences, de l'URSS), v. 16-17, p. 313-315.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1928b, Dva novikh roda morskikh lilii (Poteriocrinidae) iz verkhnepaleozoiskikh otlozhenii Pechorekogo kraya [Two new genera of crinoids (Poteriocrinidae) of the Upper Paleozoic]. Trudy Akademii Nauk SSSR, Geologicheshogo Muzeya, v. 3, p. 1-8, pl. 1-2. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1928c, Sur l'evolution discontinue chez les brachiopodes et les echinodermes et l'irreversibilite de l'evolution chex les premiers: Palaeobiologica, Wien, v. 1, p. 371-376.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1928d, O nekotorykh kollektsiyakh paleozoya v muzeyakh Zap. Evropy [On several Paleozoic collections of museums of western Europe]: Otdalnyi ottisn iz, Izvestiyy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, v. 47, no. 1, p. 65-70. (In Russian, French summary p. 70).

Yakovlev, N. N., 1930a, Fauna iglokozhikh permokarbona iz Krasnoufimska na Urale. III [Echinoderm fauna from the Permo-Carboniferous of the Urals at Krasnooufimsk III]: Izvestiy Geologicheskogo Komiteta, Leningrad, v. 46, p. 1019-1027, 1 pl. (Reprint, p. 95-103, pl. 1) (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1930b, Le genre Petschoracrinus et le passage des crinoides dicycliques aux crinoides monocycliques: Comptes Rendus de la Academie Sciences de USSR (Akademii Nauk SSSR, Doklady), ser. A, v. 2, p. 27-29.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1930c, Über einige Gesetzmaffiskeiten in der Artnordnung der uberzahligen Platten der Crinoiden: Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, Abteilungen B, v. 9, p. 376-379.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1930d, Sur la decouverte du proboscis anal chez le genre Cupressocrinus: Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR (Comptes Rendus de la Academie Sciences de l'URSS), v. 17, p. 463-464.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1930e, Notes sur les Crinoides paleozoiques. Part 1. Contribution a la connaissance de Hexacrinus patereformis Schultze et du genre Hexacrinus, p. 907-908, 1 pl. Part 2. Crinoides du Permien de la Sicile, p. 908-910, 1 pl. Part 3. Un nouveau crinoide du bassin du Donetz, p. 910-911, 1 pl.: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR (Bulletin de l'Academie Sciences de l'URSS), p. 907-911, 3 pl.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1933, Dve verkhpepermskhe morskie lilii iz zakavkaziya [Two Upper Permian crinoides from the transcaucasian]: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad, v. 7, p. 975-978, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1934, Crinoidi Permiani di Sicilia: Palaeontographia Italica, v. 34, p. 269-283.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1937a, Fauna iglokozhikh permokarbona iz Krasnoufimska na Urale. IV [Echinoderm fauna from the Permocarboniferous of the Urals at Krasnoufimsk. 4]: Ezhegodnik Russkogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva (1934-35), v. 11, p. 7-10, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1937b, Novye dannye k poznaniyu roda Petschoracrinus Yakovl. [New data on the genus Petschoracrinus Yakovlev]: Ezhegodnik Russkogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 11, no. 1643, p. 129-131, pl. 16. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1938, Crinoidi permiani di Sicilia: Palaeontographia Italica, v. 38, p. 249.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1939a, Klass Morskie Lilii-Crinoidea. V kn. Atlas rukovodyashchikh form iskopaemkh fauny SSSR T. 5 Srednii i Verkhnii Otdel Kamennougolnoi Sistem [Class marine lilies-Crinoidea. In Gorsky, I., ed, Atlas of the leading forms of the fossil faunas of USSR, v. 5, Middle and Upper Carboniferous]: Leningrad Tsentralnyi Nauchno-issledovatelskii Geologog-Razvedochnyi Institut (Central Geological and Prospecting Institute), p. 1-179, 36 pl. (Crinoids p. 64-67, pl. 11-12) (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1939b, Tip Echinodermata V kn. Atlas rukovodyashchikh form Iskopaemykh faun SSSR, T. 6 Permskaya Sistema [Phylum Echinodermata. In Licharew, B., ed, Atlas of the leading forms of the fossil fauna USSR, v. 6, Permian System]: Leningrad Central Geological and Prospecting Institute, p. 1-268, 56 pl. (Crinoids p. 58-62, pl. 10) (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1939c, Ob otkryitii originalnogo parazita kamennougolnykh morskikh lilii [On the discovery of a primitive parasite on a marine crinoid from the Carboniferous]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 22, no. 3, p. 146-148. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1939d, Sur la decouverte d'un parasite original des crinoides marins du carbonifère: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 22, no. 3, p. 146-148.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1939e, Zametki o permikikh Pelmatozoa [Notes on Permian Pelmatozoa]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 24, no. 8, p. 832-833. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1939f, Notes sur quelques Pelmatozoa Permiens: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 24, no. 8, p. 832-833.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1940a, O nakhodke Eucalyptocrinus v. nizhnem devone Urala [On an Eucalyptocrinus from the Lower Devonian of the Urals]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 27, no. 2, p. 192. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1940b, Sur une trouvaille d'Eucalyptocrinus dans le Dévonien inférieur de l'Oural: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 27, no. 2, p. 193.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1941a, Morskie lilii Glavnogo devonskogo polya V kn. Fauna Glavnogo devonskogo polya. M.-L. [Crinoids of the main Devonian Field. In Fauna of the main Devonian Field I]: Izvestii Paleontologiccheskii Institut, Akademy Nauk SSSR, p. 323-331, 2 pl. (In Russian) (English resume p. 329-331)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1941b, Deux nouveaux echinoderms des depots permiens du Timan: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 32, no. 1, p. 102-104. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1944a, Novoe o stroenii i dykhatelnoy funktsii analnogo meshka morskikh liliy [New on the structure and respiratory function of the anal sac of the crinoids]: Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR, v. 44, no. 3, p. 116-117. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1944b, On the structure and respiratory function of the anal sac of the crinoids: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 44, no. 3, p. 116-117.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1945a, O mshankovykh i krinoidiykh rifakh permskogo perioda na Urale [On bryozoan and crinoidal reefs of the Permian period in the Urals]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 48, no. 5, p. 374-376. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1945b, On bryozoan and crinoidal reefs of the Permian period in the Urals: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 48, p. 352-354.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1946a, Un hexacrinidae du silurien superieur: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 51, no. 2, p. 153-154.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1946b, Ob atavisticheskikh iavleniiakh neotenii u morskikh lilii [On atavistic phenomena of neotenia in crinoids]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 51, no. 3, p. 225-227. (In Russian) (nonsystematic)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1946c, On atavistic phenomena of neotenia in Crinoidea: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 51, no. 3, p. 229-231. (nonsystematic)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1946d, O nakhodke roda Wachsmuthicrinus v. Rossii i ego proiskhozhdenii [On the finding of the genus Wachsmuthicrinus in Russia and on its origin]: Doklady Akademy Nauk SSSR, v. 54, no. 3, p. 263-265. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1946e, On the finding of the genus Wachsmuthicrinus in Russia and on its origin: Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de Academie des Sciences de l' URSS, v. 54, no. 3, p. 263-265.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1947a, Klass Crinoidea. Morskie lilii. V kn. Atlas rukovodyashchikh form iskopaemykh faunj SSSR, T. 3, Devonskaya sistema. M.-L. [Class Crinoidea. Crinoids. In Nalivkin, D., ed, Atlas of guide fossils to faunas of the SSSR, T. 3, Devonian System, Middle-Lower]: Gosgeoltekhizdat, p. 55-57, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1947b, Izmeneniya skeletnykh chastey morskikh liliy vsledstvie mekhanicheskikh faktorov [Quantitative and qualitative changes in the skeletal parts of crinoids on account of mechanical factors]: Doklady Akademii Nauk, SSSR, v. 56, no. 7, p. 747-749. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1947c, Jaekelicrinus gen nov nedostavavshii chlen filiticheskogo ryada Pisocrinidae [Jaekelicrinus gen. nov. member of the family Pisocrinidae]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 57, no. 6, p. 609-611. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1947d, Vliyanie Mekhanicheskikh uslovie na stroenie morskikh lilie [Influence of mechanical conditions on the structure of crinoids]: Priroda [U.S.S.R.], v. 11, p. 41-47. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1948, Nove permskie morskie lilii iz Severnogo Timana [New Permian crinoids from northern Timan]: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk USSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya, v. 1, p. 119-122. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1949a, Eshche odna kategoriya vliyaniya mekhanicheskikh uslovii na stroenie morskikh lilii [Another category of influence of mechanical conditions on the structure of crinoids]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 66, no. 2, p. 265-267. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1949b, Proiskhozhdenie roda Indocrinus ot Ulocrinus faktory evolyutsii [Origin of the genus Indocrinus from Ulocrinus and factors of evolution]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 67, no. 5, p. 897-900. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1949c, O sushchestvovanii v verkhnem silure i nizhnem devone SSSR morskikh lilii sem Crotalocrinitidae [On the existence of crinoids of the family Crotalocrinitidae in the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of Russia]: Ezhegodnik Vserossiiskoe Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 13, p. 14-19, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1949d, Jaekelicrinus bashkivicus Yakovlev n. gen., n. sp.: Journal of Paleontology, v. 23, p. 435.

Yakovlev, N. N., 1950, O tipakh skulptury chashechki morskikh lilii, ikh proiskhozhdenii i naznachenii [On sculpture patterns of crinoid calyces, their origin and setting]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 70, no. 1, p. 93-96. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1951, Vozniknovenie odmorukosti u morskikh lilii [Origin of one-armed crinoids]: Dokalady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 78, no. 3, p. 577-579. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1952a, Samoregulirovanie i formoobrazovanie u morskikh liliy [Self regulation and production of form in crinoids]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSR, v. 86, no. 4, p. 827-828. (In Russian)

Yakovlev,N. N., 1952b, Organisms i sreda (Na paleontologiceskom materiale) [Organisms and their surroundings. (On paleontological material)]: Zhurnal Obshchestva Biologii v. 13, no. 2, p. 143-152. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1953, O nakhodke lobolitov v SSSR i o biologicheskom znachenii ikh [On the discoveries of loboliths in the USSR and their biological significance]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 14, p. 18-31, pl. 1-3. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1954a, Gigantskie morskie lilii iz kamennougolnkh otlozenii Kazakhstana Blothrocrinus litvinovitschae sp. n. [A gigantic crinoid from the Carboniferous deposits of Kazakhstan, Blothrocrinus litvinovitschae sp. n.]: Izvestia Akademii Nauk USSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya, v. 99, no. 4, p. 113-115. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1954b, O napravlenii izmeneniya Bazisa Chashechki morskie lilii i o prichinahh etogo izmeneniya [About the order of change in the base of the calyx of crinoids and reasons for this change]: Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, v. 99, no. 6, p. 1087-1090. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1956a, Organism i sreda. Stati po paleoeckologii besnozvonochnykh 1913-1956 [Organisms and surroundings. Writings on paleoecology of invertebrates, 1913-1956]: Akademy Nauk SSSR, p. 1-140, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1956b, Morskie lilii voronezhskogo Devona [Crinoids from the Devonian of the Voronezh district]: Izvestiya Academii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologicheskaya, v. 2, p. 91-93, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1956c, K peresmotru charakteristiki roda Ristnacrinus Öpik [A revision of the characteristics of the genus Ristnacrinus Öpik]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 15, p. 155-157. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1956d, Pervaya nakhodka morskoy lilii v kembrii SSSR [First discovery of a crinoid in the Cambrian of Russia]: Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, v. 108, no. 4, p. 726-727, 1 pl. (In Russian) (Not a crinoid, GDW)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1957, Dve linii razvitiya morskihh lilii Kromiokrinid v suyazi s ikh geograficheskim rasprostraneniem [Two lines of development of cromyocrinid crinoids in connection with their geographical dissemination]: Trudy I Sessii Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva p. 24-28 I anvaria 1955 g. M., Gosgeoltekhizdat, p. 11-14, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1958, Organizm i sreda: Beijing, Kesyue Chubanshe, 122 p. (Chinese edition of Yakovlev, 1956a; in Chinese)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1961, Morskie lilii iz nizhnego karbona Donbassa [Crinoids from the Lower Carboniferous of the Donetz Basin]: Geologicheskii Sbornik Livovskogo Geologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 7-8, p. 417-429, 3 pl. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1964a, Organizm i sreda. Stati po paleoekologii vespozvonochnhh. 1913-1960 [Organisms and environment. Writings of palaeoecology of invertebrates 1913-1960]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Paleontologicheskii Institut Izdatel'stvo, v. 2, p. 1-148. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1964b, Klass Crinoidea. Mosskie lilii. Obstchaya chast, Osnovy paleontologii. Spravotchnik dlia paleontologov i geologov SSR. Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Pogonophora, and Chaetognatha [Class Crinoidea, crinoids, general part, characteristics, and morphology. In Orlov, Yu. A., ed, Fundamentals of paleontology, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Pogonophora, and Chaetognatha]: Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Nedra, p. 54-74, figs. 51-113. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., 1977, O sistematicheskom polozhenii odnoi pozdnepermskoi morskoi lilii [On the systematic position of new Late Permian sea lilies]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 19, p. 9-13, pl. 1. (In Russian)

Yakovlev, N. N., and Faas, A. W., 1938, Nuovi echinodermi Permiani di Sicilia: Palaeontographia Italica, Memoire Paleontologie, n. s. 8, v. 38, p. 115-125, pl. 4.

Yakovlev, N. N., and Ivanov, A. P., 1956, Morskie lilii i blastoidei kamennougolnykh i permskikh otlozhenii SSSR [Marine crinoids and blastoids of the Carboniferous and Permian deposits of Russia]: Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskogo Institut Trudy, v. 11, p. 1-142, 21 pl. (In Russian)

Yandell, L. P., 1855, Description of a new genus of crinoidea: American Journal of Science, ser. 2, v. 20, w.v. 70, p. 135-137.

Yandell, L. P., and Shumard, B. F., 1847, Contributions to the geology of Kentucky: Louisville, Kentucky, Prentice and Weissinger, 36 p., 1 pl.

Yanishevsky, M. E., 1900, Fauna Kamennougolnago izvestnyaka, vystupayushchago po R. Shartymka na vostochnomb sklona urala [Fauna of the Carboniferous limestone outcropping along the Schartymka River on the east slope of the Urals]: Trudui Obschtchestva Estvoespytatelei pre Emperatorskom Kasanskom Universitet, v. 5, p. 1-398, 7 pls. (In Russian)

Yanishevsky, M. E., 1910, Fauna nizhne-kamennougolnago izvestnyaka okolo poselka khabarnago, Orekago ukeda, Orenburgskoy rub [The fauna of the lower Kohlenkalkes of chabary, bexirk orskago Gouv. Orenburg]: Izvestiya Tomskago Tekhnologicheskago Instituta v. 17, no. 1, p. 1-305, 21 pl. (In Russian)

Yanichevsky, M. E., 1915, Les schistes argileux pres de la ville de Tomsk: Memoir Comite Geologie Petrograd, n. s., v. 107, p. 1-96, pl. 1-8.

Yelkin, E. A., Grachianova, R. T., and Dubatolova, Yu. A., 1967, O stratigrafii terrigenno-karbonatnykh otlozheniy srednego devona r. Chumysha (Salair) i ikh korrelyatsii. Sbornik "Novye dannye po biostratigrafii devona i verkhnego paleozoya Sibiri" [On the stratigraphy of the terrigeno-carbonaceous deposits of the middle Devonian river Chumysh (Salair) and their correlaton. Collected articles on "New facts in the biostratigraphy of the Devonian and upper Paleozoic of Siberia"]: Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moskva, p. 1-9, pl. 6. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1955a, Morskie lilii (stebli morskih lilii) V kn. Polevoi atlas ordovikskoi i siluriiskoi fauny Sibirskoi platformy [Crinoids, stems of crinoids. In Field atlas of the Ordovician and Silurian fauna of the Siberian Platform]: Leningrad Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut, Gosgeoltekhizdat, p. 40-47, pl. 22, 37, 54. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1955b, Klass Krinoidea, morskie lilii (stebli morskih lilii) V kn. Polevoi atlas kharaklernikh kompleksov fauny i flory devonskikh otlozenii Minusinskoi kotloviny [Class Crinoidea, crinoids, stems of crinoids. In Nikiforova, O. I., ed, Field atlas of characteristic complex fauna and flora from the Devonian deposits of the Minusinsk Trough]: Leningrad Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut, Gosgeoltekhizdat, p. 36-37, pl. 15. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1956, Stebli morskikh lilii i ikh klassifikatsiya [Crinoid stems and their classification]: Vestnik Leningradskii Gosudarstvennyi Universitet Seriya Geologischeskaya i Geographicheskaya, v. 2, p. 40-47. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1957, O novom semeistwe paleosoiskih morskih lilii [On a new family of Paleozoic crinoids]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 14, p. 218-234, 3 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1959a, In Dubatolova, Yu. A. and Shao, T. Stebli morskikh liliy kamennougolnykh, permskikh i triasovykh otlozhenii Yuzhnogo Kitaya [Stalks of sea-lilies from Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic deposits in southern China]: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 7, p. 42, 57-58, pl. 1. (In Chinese, p. 41-56; Russian, p. 57-76.)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1959b, Printskipy klassifikatsii, metodika izucheniya i stratigraficheskoe znachenie stebley morskikh lilii [Principles of classification, techniques of study, and stratigraphical significance of crinoid stems]: Trudy II sessii Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestvo, p. 230-235. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1960, Ordovikskie i siluriiskie krinoidea, Sibirskoi platformy [The Ordovician and Silurian crinoids of the Siberian platform]: Leningrad Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut, Gosgeoltekhizdat, v. 3, p. 1-39, 6 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1964a, Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilii Pribaltiki (niznii ordovik) [Stems of Ordovician crinoids from the Baltic Sea area, (Lower Ordovician)]: Voprosy Paleontologii, Leningradskogo Universiteta Izdatel'stvo, v. 4, p. 59-84, 4 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1964b, O classificacii steblei morskih lilii V kn. Osnovi Paleontologii, tom Echinodermata, Gemikhordovye, Pogonofory, i Shchetinkochelyustnye [On classification of the items of crinoids. In Orlov, Yu. A., ed, Fundamentals of paleontology, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, pogonophora, and Chaetognatha]: Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, p. 74-75, 80, 228, pl. 115. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1965, Morskie lilii silura SSSR V kn. Stratigrafia SSSR, Siluriiskaia systema [Silurian crinoids of Russia. In Stratigraphy of the USSR, Silurian System]: Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, v. 4, p. 450-453. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1966, Stebli ordovikskih morskih lilii Pribaltiki (srednii ordovik) [Stems of Ordovician crinoids from the Baltic Sea area (Middle Ordovician)]: Voprosy Paleontologii, Leningradskogo Universiteta Izdatel'stvo, v. 5, p. 53-70, 3 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S. 1968a, Krinoidei Skalskogo i Borschovskogo gorizontov Podolii) V kn. Siluriysko-devonskaya fauna Podolii [Crinoids from the Skalski and Borschovski horizons of Podolia. In Silurian-Devonian fauna of Podolia]: Izdatel'stvo Leningradskogo Universiteta, p. 30-50, pl. 1-5. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1968b, Morskii lilii V kn. Polevoi atlas ordoviskoi fauny Severo-Bostoka SSSR Magadan [Class Crinoidea. In Balashov, Z. G., Vostokova, V. A., and Yeltyschewa, R. S. eds, Field atlas of the Ordovician fauna of the northeastern USSR, Magadan]: Magadan Izdatelstvo Severotostoka, Geologicheskoe Upravlenie, p. 121-128, pl. 23, 43, 44. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1969, Tip Echinodermata--Iglokozhie, Klass Crinoidea--Morskie lilii, Stebli, Morskikh lilly V kn. Polevoy Atlas Siluriyskoy Devonskoy Irannekamennougolnoy Fauni Dalnego Vostoka [Phylum Echinodermata, Class Crinoidea, Stems of Crinoids. In Modzalevskoy, E. A., ed, Field atlas of Silurian Devonian and Early Carboniferous fauna of the Far East]: Far East Geological Survey (VSEGEI) Dlanevostochnoe Geologicheskoe Upravlenie Vsesoyuznogo Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologicheskii Institut, p. 150-167, pl. 24-25, 40-42, 57-59, 73. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1970, Tip Echinodermata-Iglokozhie V kn. Polevoi Atlas Permskoi Fauni i Flori Severo-Vostoka SSSR [Type Echinodermata. In Zabodovskii, B.M., and others, Field atlas of Permian fauna and flora of the northeastern USSR]: Ministerstvo Geologii RSFSR Severi-Vostochnoe Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Geologicheskoe Upravlenie Magadanskoe Knozhnoe Izdatelstvo, p. 185-186, pl. 55, 101. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1975, Krinoidei pogranichnkh sloev ordovika i silura Podolii [Crinoids of the Ordovician-Silurian boundary beds of Podolia]: Voprosy Paleontologii, v. 7, p. 124-144, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1979, Stebli Paleozoiskikh lilii Pribaltiki (Verkhnii Ordovik) [Stems of Paleozoic crinoids from the Pribaltic (Upper Ordovician)]: Voprosy Paleontologii, v. 8, p. 94-106, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., 1982, Siluriiskie morskie lilii Tuvy [Silurian crinoids from Tuva]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 25, p. 162-183, 2 pls. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., Borodina, V. L., Militsina, V. C., Polozhikhina, A. I., Sisova, E. N., Stukalina, G. A., and Schewtschenko, T. V., 1978, Krinoidei V kn. Kollokviumi po faune i flore pogranichnikh sloev nizhnego i srednego Devona SSSR V kn. Voprosy stratifrafii paleozoya (Devon, Karbon) [Crinoides in Colloquia on the fauna and flora of the boundary layers of the Lower and Middle Devonian in the USSR. In Rotaj, A. P., ed, Problems of Stratigraphy of the Paleozoic (Devonian, Carboniferous)]: Academy Nauk SSSR, Ministery of Geology, Interdepartmental Stratigraphic committee USSR Transactions, v. 6, p. 126-127. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Dubalotova, Yu. A., 1960, Novye vidy devonskikh krinoidei Verkhnego Amura. V kn. Sbornik novye vidy drevnikh rastenii i bespozvonochnykh SSSR, chast II [New species of Devonian crinoids of the upper Amur. In Collected articles on new species of ancient plants and invertebrates of the USSR, pt. II]: Moscow, Vsesoyuznogo Geologicheskii Institut Gosgeoltekhizdat, p. 367-372, pl. 70. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Dubalotova, Yu. A., 1961, Morskie lilii V kn. Biostratigrafiia paleozoia Sayano-Altaiskoi gornoi oblasti, Srednii paleozoi, t. II [Crinoids. In Biostratigraphy of the Paleozoic of the Sayano Altai mountainous country, middle Paleozoic, v. II]: Moscow, Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Trudy, pt. 20, p. 294-296; 552-560, pl. D86-D87. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Dubatolova, Yu. A.,1967, Opisanie steblei morskikh lilii V kn. Morskie likii devona i nizhnego karbona Dalnego Vostoka [Description of stems of crinoids. In Dubatolova, Yu. A., Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Modzalevskaya, E. A., Devonian and Lower Carboniferous crinoids of the Far East]: Akademy Nauka SSSR Sibirsk. Otdeleniye Institut Geologii i Geofiziki Trudy, p. 1-72, 7 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Polyarnaya, Zh. A., 1975, Crinoidea (Morskie lilii V kn Paleontologicheskii Atlas Kamennourolnykh Otlozhenii Urala [Crinoidea (Morskie lilii) In Paleontological atlas of the Carboniferous deposits of the Urals]: Trudy cinisterstvo Geol. SSSR Vsesoi Neftyanoi Nauchno-Issledovatelskii Geologorazvedochniyi Institut, v. 383, p. 204-207, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1986, Pervii predstavitel roda Parisangulocrinus (Crinoidea, Inadunata) territory SSSR [First representative of the genus Parisangulocrinus (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from the territory of the USSR]: Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, v. 1, p. 124-126. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1987, First representative of the genus Parisangulocrinus (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from the territory of the USSR: Paleontological Journal, v. 20, p. 107-110.

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Schewtschenko, T. W., 1960, Strebli morskikh liliy iz kamennougolnykh otlozheniy Tyan-Shanya i Darvaza [Crinoid stems form the Carboniferous deposits of the Tien-Shan and Darvas]: Izvestiya Akademy Nauk Tadzhstana SSR Otdelenige Geologii, Geokhimii, i Tekhnicheskikh Nauk, v. 1, no. 2, p. 119-125, 2 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Sisova, E. N., 1971, Ontogenetic changes in the stems of some Paleozoic crinoids (Columnals--Stems of Marine Lilies) [Ontogeneticheskie Izmeneniya Stebley Nekotorykh Paleozoyskikh Krinoidey (Columnals--Stebli Morskikh Liliy)]: Voprosy Paleontologii, v. 6, p. 33-40, pl. 1-2. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Sisova, E. N., 1973, Anthinocrinidae-Novoe Semeistvo Srednepaleozoiskikh Morskikh Lilii V kn. Voprosy Stratifrafii i Tektoniki Vostochnogo Kazakhstana [Anthinocrinidae New Family of Middle Paleozoic Marine Lily. In Aleksandrova, M. I., ed, Questions on the Stratigraphy and Tectonics of East Kazakhstan]: Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Ordena Lenina Nauchno-Issledovatelskogo Geologicheskogo Instituta, n. s., v. 160, p. 86-99, 1 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Stukalina, G. A., 1963, Stebli ordovikskikh i nizhnesiluriyskikh krinoidey Tsentralnogo Taymyra, Novoy Zemli i Baygacha [Stems of the Ordovician and Lower Silurian Crinoidea of the Central Taymyr, Novaya Zemlya, and Vaigach Island]: Uchenye zapiski Nauk Izvestiya Institut Geologii Arctic Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya, Izdatel'stvo, v. 2, p. 23-62, 4 pl. (In Russian)

Yeltyschewa, R. S., and Stukalina, G. A., 1977, Pervie nakhodki pozdnesiluriiskikh i devonskikh morskikh lilii na Vaigache, Novoi Zemle i Tsentralnom Taimire [First discovery of Lake Silurian and Devonian crinoids in Vaigache, Novaya Zemlya, and Central Taimir]: Ezhegodnik Vsesoyuznogo Paleontologicheskogo Obshchestva, v. 20, p. 199-234, 4 pl. (In Russian)

Young, C. M., and Emson, R. H., 1994, Why do bathyal crinoids wave their arms? In David, B., Guille, A., Feral, J. P., and Roux, M., eds, Echinoderms through time (Echinoderms Dijon): Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, p. 273-276.

Zakowa, H., 1958, Biostratygrafia Utworow Morskich Dolnego Karbonu Z Obszaru Walbrzycha Miasta Na Dolnym Slasku [Biostratigraphy of the Lower Carboniferous Marine Deposits of the area of Walbryzych Miasto (Lower Silesia)]: Institut Geologiczny Prace, v. 19, p. 1-211, 14 pl. (In Polish; English translation p. 183-211)

Zakowa, H., 1966, Poziom Goniatites crenistria Phill., w okolicy sokolca i Jugowa u Podnózy gór sowich (Sudety Srodkowa) [Zone Goniatites crinistria Phill. in the vicinity of Sikolec and Jugow, at the foot of the sowie Gory Mountains (Central Sudetes)]: Institute Geologiczny Prace, Warsaw, v. 43, p. 1-197, 23 pl. (In Polish, English summary p. 173-197).

Zankl, H., 1965, Zur microfaunistischen Charakteristik des Dachsteinkalkes (Nor/Rat) mit Hilfe einer Losungstechnik: Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, v. 116, no. 2, p. 549-567, 3 pl.

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Zelízko, J. V., 1911a, Zajímavé zbytky crinoidu ze spodního siluru od Ejpovic [Interesting crinoid remains from the Lower Silurian of Ejpovic, Bohemia]: Sborník Mestského Historického Musea v Plzni, v. 2, p. 118-120. (In Czech)

Zelizko, J. V., 1911b, Nove prispevky ke studiu jineckeho kambria. [Neue Beitrage zur studium de Kambrium bei Jinetz.] [New information from the studies of the Cambrian near Jince]: Rozpravy Ceske Akademie Cisare Frantiska Josefa pro Védy, Slovesnost a Umeni Praha, v. 20, pt. Ii, no. 10, p. 1-7. (In Czech with German and English summaries)

Zenker, J. C., 1833, Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Urwelt. Organische Reste (Petrefacten) aus der Altenburger Braunkohlen-formation, dem Blankenburger Quadersandstein, jenaischen bunten Sandstein und böhmischen Übergangsgebirge: Jena, Friedrich Mauke, ed, p. 1-67, 7 pl.

Zhivkovitsh, A. E., Goreva, N. V., and Rozhnov, S. V., 1975, K biostratigrafii pogranichnikh otlozhenii silura i devona no Zapadnom sklone Urala [Biostratigraphy of the Silurian and Devonian boundary on the western slope of the Urals: Vsesoyuznii Nauchno-issledovatelskii Institut Mineralnogo Sirio (VIMS), Novie Dannie po Geologii Boksitov (Sbornik Nauchnikh Trudov), v. 2, p. 184-192. (In Russian)

Zimmermann, E., 1912, Kohlenkalk und Culm des Velberter Sattels im Suden des westfalischen Carbons: Jahrbuch Geologischen Landesanstalt, v. 30, p. 369-450, 1 pl.

Zinevich, E. V., 1987, Novoe o semeistve Polyporocrinidae J. Dubatolova, 1971 (morfologiya, sistematika, sostav) [New data on the family Polyporocrinidae J. Dubatolova, 1971 (Morphology, systematics, composition)]. In Fedorova, E. Yu., ed, Sistema i filogeniya iskopaemykh bespozvonochnykh) [The system and phylogeny of fossil invertebrates]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR Sibirskoe Otdelenie Institut Geologii i Geofiziki Trudy, v. 688, p. 128-140, pl. 23-24. (In Russian)

Zinevich, E. V., 1988, Krinoidei losishinskoi svity rudnogo altaya [Crinoids from the Losishinsk Fold of the Rudny Altai]. In Yolkin, E. A., and Kangyin, A. V., eds, Fauna i stratigrafiya paleozoya Srednei Sibiri i Urala [Paleozoic fauna and stratigraphy of central Siberia and the Urals]: Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki, v. 718, p. 79-88, pl. 18, 19. (In Russian)

Zittel, K. A. von, 1876-80, Handbuch der Palaeontologie, v. 1, Palaeozoologie: München, Leipzig, R. Oldenbourg, (1879), no. 1, p. 1-765, (Echinoderms, p. 308-560).

Zittel, K. A. von, 1895, Grundzüge der Palaeontologie (Palaeozoologie), 1st edit, 971 p., R. Oldenbourg, München. (see Wachsmuth, 1895, for crinoids)

Zittel, K. A. von, 1896 - 1900, Text-book of Paleontology, v. 1, transl. and edited by C. R. Eastman: London, New York, MacMillan & Co., 706 p., 1476 figs. (p. 1-372 published in 1896; p. 373-706 published in 1900.)

Zittel, K. A. von, 1910, Grundzüge der Paläontologie. 3rd edit., München, Berlin, Druck and Vorlag von R. Oldenbourg, v. 1, Invertebrata, p. 1-608.

Zittel, K. A. von, 1913, Text-book of Paleontology, v. 1, transl. and edited by C. R. Eastman, 2nd edit: London, MacMillan & Co., p. 1-839, 1600 illus. (see Springer, 1913, for crinoids)

Zittel, K. A. von, 1915, Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie), 4th edit., Ferdinand Broili, ed: Berlin, München, R. Oldenbourg, v. 1, Invertebrata, p. 1-694, (Crinoids p. 151-195).

Zittel, K. A. von, 1921, Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie), 5th edit., Ferdinand Broili, ed: Berlin, München, R. Oldenbourg, v. 1, Invertebrata, p. 1-1106, (Crinoids p. 151-197).

Zittel, K. A. von, 1924, Grundzüge der Paläontologie (Paläozoologie). 6th edit., Ferdinand Broili, ed: Berlin, München, R. Oldenbourg, v. 1, Invertebrata, p. 1-733, 1467 figs.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF PALEOZOIC CRINOIDS, CORONATES, AND HEMISTREPTOCRINIDS, 2000-2004

Aldrich, M. I., 2000. New York State Natural History Survey 1836-1842. Paleontological Research Institution Special Publication 22, 288 p.

Arendt, Yu. A., 2002. Early Carboniferous echinoderms of the Moscow region. Paleontological Journal, v. 36, Supplement 2, p. 115-184.

Ausich, W. I., 2000. A remarkably long crinoid column from the Nowata Shale (Marmaton Group, upper Desmoinesian, Pennsylvanian), Tulsa, Oklahoma: Oklahoma Geology Notes, v. 60, no. 3, p. 60-61.

Ausich, W. I., 2001. Echinoderm Taphonomy, p. 171-227. In Jangoux, M., and Lawrence, J. M. (eds), Echinoderm studies - Volume 6. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I., 2003a. Lower Mississippian crinoid (Echinodermata) fauna from Utah County, Utah. Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 1, p. 139-145.

Ausich, W. I., 2003b. Developmental breakdown during the early evolution of the Codiacrinidae: Parazophocrinus callosus Strimple, 1963 (Class Crinoidea). Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 3, p. 471-475.

Ausich, W. I., and Babcock, L. E., 2000. Echmatocrinus, a Burgess Shale animal reconsidered: Lethaia, v. 33, p. 92-94.

Ausich, W. I., and Bottjer, D. J., 2001. Sessile invertebrates, p. 384-386. In Briggs, D.E.G., and Crowther, P. R. (eds), Palaeobiology II. Blackwell Science, Oxford. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I., and Kammer, T. W., 2001. The study of crinoids during the 20th century and the challenges of the 21st century. Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, no. 6, p. 1161-1173. (nonsystematic)

Ausich, W. I., Gil Cid, M. D., and Domínguez Alonso, P., 2002. Ordovician [Dobrotivian (Llandeillian Stage) to Ashgill] crinoids (phylum Echinodermata) from the Montes de Toledo and Sierra Morena, Spain with implications for paleogeography of Peri-Gondwana. Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 975-992.

Ausich, W. I., Goldstein, A., and Yates, R., 2000. Crinoids from the Muldraugh Member of the Borden Formation in north-central Kentucky (Echinodermata, Lower Mississippian): Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, p. 1072-1082.

Ausich, W. I., and Sevastopulo, G. D., 2001. The Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian) crinoids from Hook Head, County Wexford, Ireland. The Palaeontological Society Monograph, 216:1-136, 13 pls; supplement 1:1-34; supplement 2:1-11.

Baumiller, T. K., 2002. Multi-snail infestation of Devonian crinoids and the nature of platyceratid-crinoid interactions. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 47, no. 1, p. 133-139.

Baumiller, T. K., 2003a. Experimental and biostartinomic disarticulation of crinoids: taphonomic implications. In Feral, J. P. and David, B. (eds), Echinoderm Research 2001, Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse, p. 243-248. (nonsystemmatic) (Recent, implications of significance for Paleozoic crinoids)

Baumiller, T. K., 2003b. Evaluating the interaction between platyceratid gastropods and crinoids: a cost-benefit approach. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 201, p. 199-209.

Baumiller, T. K., and Gahn, F. J., 2002. Fossil record of parasitism on marine invertebrates with special emphasis on the platyceratid-crinoid interaction. In Kowalewski, M., and Kelley, P. H. (eds), The fossil record of predation. The Paleontological Society Papers, v. 8, p. 195-209.

Baumiller, T. K., and Gahn, F. J., 2003. Predation on crinoids. In Kelley, P. H., Kowalewski, M., and Hansen, T. A. (eds), Predator-prey interactions in the fossil record. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, p. 263-278.

Baumiller, T. K., Mooi, R., and Messing, C. G., 2001. Cidaroid-crinoid interactions as observed from a submersible. Echinoderms 2000, p. 3. (nonsystematic) (Recent, but implications of significance for Paleozoic crinoids)

Becker, R. T., 2000. Palaeobiogeographic relationships and diversity of Upper Devonian ammonoids from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 58:385-401.

Bodenbender, B. E., and Ausich, W. I., 2000. Skeletal crystallography and crinoid calyx architecture. Journal of Paleontology, 74(1):52-66.

Botting, J. P., 2003. Llanvirn (Middle Ordovician) echinoderms from Llandeley Rocks, central Wales. Palaeontology, v. 46, no. 4, p. 685-708.

Brower, J. C., 2001. Flexible crinoids from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent and the evolution of early flexible crinoids: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 370-382.

 

Brower, J. C., 2002a. Cupulocrinus angustatus (Meek and Worthen, 1870), a cladid crinoid from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent of the United States. Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 109-122.

Brower, J. C., 2002b. Quintuplexacrinus, a new cladid crinoid genus from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent of the United States. Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 993-1006.

Charlton, T. R., +13 others, 2002. The Permian of Timor: stratigraphy, palaeontology and palaeogeography. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20:719-774. (nonsystematic)

Dickson, J.A.D., 2004. Echinoderm skeletal preservation: calcite-aragonite seas and the Mg/Ca ratio of Phanerozoic oceans. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 74, no. 3, p. 355-365.

Donovan, S. K., 2001. Nomenclature of disarticulated pelmatozoan columnals: a comment. Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 888-889. (nonsystematic)

Donovan, S. K., 2003. Upright individuals and death by decapitation: unusual preservation of some Lower Palaeozoic crinoids. Mercian Geologist, v. 15 (4), p. 238-239.

Donovan, S. K., and Gilmour, N., 2003. New camerate crinoids from the Ordovician of Scotland and Wales. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, v. 93, p. 155-161.

Donovan, S. K., and Harper, D.A.T., 2003, Llandovery crinoidea of the British Isles, including description of a new species from the Kilbride Formation (Telychian) of western Ireland. Geological Journal, v. 38, p. 85-97.

Donovan, S. K., and Lewis, D. N., 2003. Lower Carboniferous echinoderms of north-west England. The Palaeontological Association Fold-Out Fossils, 10 p.

Donovan, S. K., Lewis, D. N., and Harper, D.A.T., 2002. Fossils explained 40. The Lady Burn Starfish Beds. Geology Today, v. 18 (4), p. 151-157.

Donovan, S. K., Lewis, D. N., and Tilsley, J. W., 2003. Platycrinitid crinoid cups from the Lower Carboniferous of Yorkshire and Derbyshire. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, v. 54 (4), p. 253-256.

Donovan, S. K., and Schmidt, D. A., 2001. Survival of crinoid stems following decapitation: evidence from the Ordovician and palaeobiological implicatilons. Lethaia, v. 34, no. 4, p. 263-270.

Donovan, S. K., van den Hoek Ostende, L. W., Renema, W., de Vos, J., van Waveren, I. M., Wesselingh, F. P., Winkler Prins, C. F., and Zwaan, J. C. “H.”, 2003. Behind the scenes at the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, and the Teyler Museum, Haarlem, The Netherlands: report of a visit by the Geologists” Association, 30 November and 1 December, 2002. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, v. 114, p. 279-288. (nonsystematic)

Eckert, J. D., and Brett, C., 2001, Early Silurian (Llandovery crinoids from the Lower Clinton Group, western New York State: Bulletins of American Paleontology, no. 360, p. 1-88.

Esquivel-Macias, C., Ausich, W. I., Buitrón-Sanchez, B. E., and Flores de Dios, A., 2000. Pennsylvanian and Mississippian pluricolumnal assemblages (class Crinoidea) from southern Mexico and a new occurrence of a column with a tetralobate lumen: Journal of Paleontology, v. 74, p. 1187-1190.

Fone, W., Donovan, S. K., and Lewis, D. N., 2002, middle Ordovician crinoids from the shelve inlier, Shropshire, UK. Special Papers in Palaeontology, v. 67, p. 97-113.

Gahn, F. J., 2002. Crinoid and blastoid biozonation and biodiverstiy in the Early Mississippian (Osagean) Burlington Limestone. Iowa Department of Natural Resources Guidebook, v. 23, p. 53-74. (nonsystemmatic)

Gahn, F. J., Fabian, A., and Baumiller, T. K., 2002. Additional evidence for the drilling behavior of Paleozoic gastropods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 48, no. 1, p. 156.

Gahn, F. J., and Baumiller, T. K., 2003. Infestation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) camerate crinoids by platyceratid gastropods and its implications for the nature of their biotic interaction. Lethaia, v. 36, p. 71-82.

Gahn, F. J., and Baumiller, T. K., 2003. A bootstrap analysis for comparative taphonomy applied to Early Mississippian (Kinderhookian) crinoids from the Wassonville cycle of Iowa. Palaios, v. 19, no. 1, p. 17-38.

Gahn, F. J., and Kammer, T. W., 2002. The cladid crinoid Barycrinus from the Burlington Limestone (early Osagean) and the phylogenetics of the Mississippian botryocrinids. Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 123-133.

Galle, A.,, and Prokop, R. J., 2000. Complex parasitism and symbiosis of crinoid, subepidermal parasite, and tabulate coral, Lower Devonian (Pragian), Barrandian, Czech Republic: Vestnik Ceskeho Geologickeho Ustavu, v. 75, no. 4, p. 441-444.

Gil Cid, D., Arroyo, F., Lara, R., and Torices, A., 2003. Biodiversity and biostratigraphy of Spanish Cambrian-Ordovician echinoderms. In Feral, J. P., and David, B. (eds). Echinoderm Research 2001, Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse, p. 77-85.

Gluchowski, E., 2002. Crinoids from the Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, v. 47, p. 319-328.

Guensburg, T. E., and Sprinkle, J., 2000. Ecologic radiation of Cambro-Ordovician echinoderms, p. 428-444, in Zhuravlev, A. Yu. and Riding, R., The ecology of the Cambrian radiation: Columbia University Press, 525 p.

Guensburg, T. E., and Sprinkle, J., 2001. Earliest crinoids: New evidence for the origin of the dominant Paleozoic echinoderms: Geology, v. 29, p. 131-134.

Guensburg, T. E., and Sprinkle, J., 2003. The oldest known crinoids (Early Ordovician, Utah) and a new crioid plate homology system. Bulletins of American Paleontology, No. 364, 43 p.

Hashimoto, K., 2001. Pennsylvanian camerate crinoids from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, southwest Japan: Bulletin of the Akiyoshi-dai Museum of Natural History No. 36, 16 p., 5 pls.

Haude, R., and Walliser, O. H., 1998. Conodont-based Upper Silurian - Lower Devonian range of scyphocrinoids in SE. Morocco In Gutiérrez-Marco and Rábano, I. (eds), Proceedings 6th International Graptolite Conference (GWG-IPA) & 1998 Field Meeting. Temas Geológico-Mineros ITGE, v. 23, p. 94-96.

Hauser, J., 2000, Neue Crinoidenfunde aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifel (Teil 2): Fossilien, p. 53-59.

Hauser, J., 2001. Neubeschreibung mitteldevonischer Eifelcrinoiden aus der Sammlung Schultze (Museum of Comparative Zoology, The Agassiz Museum, Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA) nebst einer Zusammenstellung der Eifelcrinoiden (Holotypen) der Goldfuss-Sammlung: Privately published, Bonn, 86 p.

Hauser, J., 2002. Oberdevonische Echinodermen aus den Dolomit-Steinbrüchen von Wallersheim-Loch (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Prümer Mulde; Eifel). Privately published, Bonn, 70 p., 15 pls.

Hauser, J., 2003. Über Jaekelicrinus und andere Crinoiden aus dem Frasnium (Oberdevon) vom Südrand der Dinant Mulde (Ardennen, Belgien). Privately published, Bonn, 59 p., 10 pls.

Hauser, J., 2004a. Preschericrinus walsdorfensis n. gen. et n. sp., eine neue Crinoidengattung aus dem Grensbereich Ahbach/Loogh Formation der Hillesheimer Mulde (Givetium, Mitteldevon, Eifel, Rheinisches Schiefergebirge), p. 7-11. Neue Crinoiden (Echinodermata) aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifelkalkimulden. Privately published, Bonn, 53 p., 2 pls.

Hauser, J., 2004b. Über einen weiteren “Rhodocrinus” quinquelobus L. Schultze, 1866 aus dem Freilingium (Mittledevon) der Prümer Mulde (Eifel, Deutschland), p. 12-16. Neue Crinoiden (Echinodermata) aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifelkalkimulden. Privately published, Bonn, 53 p., 2 pls.

Hauser, J., 2004c. Über einen exotischen Subhexacrinites n. gen. aus dem Eifelium (Mittledevon) der Prümer Mulde (Eifel, Deutschland), p. 17-22. Neue Crinoiden (Echinodermata) aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifelkalkimulden. Privately published, Bonn, 53 p., 2 pls.

Hauser, J., 2004d. Zwei neue Hexacriniten (Echinodermata; Crinoidea) von der Rammersheimer Trasse in der Prümer Mulde und

revision einiger Hexacriniten der Schultze-Sammlung (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge; Mitteldevonk Eifel, p. 23-38. Neue Crinoiden (Echinodermata) aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifelkalkimulden. Privately published, Bonn, 53 p., 2 pls.

Hauser, J., 2004e. über Clistocrinus Kirk, 1937 aus dem Mitteldevon (Givetium) der gerolsteiner Mulde (Deutschland, Eifel), p. 39-43. Neue Crinoiden (Echinodermata) aus dem Mitteldevon der Eifelkalkimulden. Privately published, Bonn, 53 p., 2 pls.

Hess, H., Ausich, W. I., Brett, C. E., and Simms, M. J., 2000. Fossil crinoids: Cambridge University Press, 275 p.

Itano, W. M., and Bateman, W. D., 2001. Synarmocrinus cobbani, a new crinoid from the Minturn Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian) of Colorado: The Mountain Geologist, v. 38, no. 2, p. 71-76.

Itano, W. M., Webster, G. D., Houck, K. J., and Bateman, W. D., 2003. The first Pennsylvanian batocrinid and other new echinoderms from the Minturn Formation of central Colorado. The Mountain Geologist, v. 40, no. 3, p. 83-100.

Kammer, T. W., 2001. Phenotypic bradytely in the Costalocrinus-Barycrinus lineage of Paleozoic cladid crinoids: Journal of Paleontolgy, v. 75, p. 383-389.

Kammer, T. W., and Gahn, F. J., 2003a. Primitive cladid crinoids from the early Osagean Burlington Limestone and the phylogenetics of Mississippian species of Cyathocrinites. Journal of Paleontology, v. 77, no. 1, p. 121-138.

Klug, C., Rücklin, M., Meyer-Berthaud, B., Soria, A., Korn, D., and Wendt, J., 2003. Late Devonian pseudoplanktonic crinoids from Morocco. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie Paläontologie Mh., No. 3, p. 153-163.

Lane, N. G. and Ausich, W. I., 2001a. The legend of St Cuthbert’s beads: a palaeontological and geological perspective. Folklore, 112:65-87.

Lane, N. G., Maples, C. G., and Waters, J. A., 2001a. Revision of Late Devonian (Famennian) and some Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian) crinoids and blastoids from the type Devonian area of North Devon. Palaeontology, v. 44, pt. 6, p. 1043-1080.

Lane, N. G., Maples, C. G., and Waters, J. A., 2001b, Revision of Strunian crinoids and blastoids from Germany. Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 75, no. 2, p. 233-252.

Le Menn, J., and Jaouen, P. A., 2003. Nouvelles espèces d’Ancyrocrinus et d’Ammonicrinus, crinoïdes à pédoncule spécialisé du Dévonien armoricain (Brest, France). Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2, p. 205-212.

Le Menn, J., Gourvennec, R., Picarra, J. M., and Robardet, M., 2003. Mid-Paleozoic dimerocrinitid crinoids from north Gondwana: evolution, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography. Revista Española de Paleontología, v. 18, no. 1, p. 49-60.

Le Menn, J., Gourvennec, R., Plusquellec, Y., Picarra, J. M., Pereira, Z, Robardet, M., and Oliveira, J. T., 2002. Lower Devonian benthic faunas from the Barrancos area (Ossa Morena Zone, Portugal) and their paleobiogeographic affinities. Communic. Instituto Geológico e Mineiro, v. 89, p. 19-38.

Lewis, D. N., Donovan, S. K., and Sawford, P., 2003. Fossil echinoderms from the Carboniferous Limestone sea defence blocks at Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, v. 114, p. 307-317.

Lewis, R. D., 2000. Fossil crinoids: Palaios, v. 15, p. 492-493. (nonsystematic)

McIntosh, G. C., 2001. Devonian cladid crinoids: Families Glossocrinidae Goldring, 1923, and Rutkowskicrinidae new family: Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, p. 783-807.

Meyer, D. L., Miller, A. I., Holland, S. M., and Dattilo, B. F., 2002. Crinoid distribution and feeding morphology through a depositional sequence: Kope and Fairview Formations, Upper Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch region. Journal of Paleontology, v. 76, p. 725-532.

Milicina, V. S., 2000a. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, No. 1, 2000, p. 55-62.

Milicina, V. S., 2000b. Crinoids from the Silurian of the Urals: Paleontological Journal, v. 34, no. 1, p. 59-67.

Milicina, V. S., 2001a. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, No. 4, 2001, p. 60-64.

Milicina, V. S., 2001b. New species of crinoids from the Silurian of the Ural Mountains: Paleontological Journal, v. 35, no. 4, p. 396-400.

Mooi, R., 2001. Not all written in stone: interdisciplinary syntheses in echinoderm paleontology. Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, p. 1209-1231.

Morris, R. W., and Felton, S. H., 2003. Paleoecologic associations and secondary tiering of Cornulites on crinoids and bivalves in the Upper Ordovician (Cincinnatian) of southwestern Ohio, southeastern Indiana, and northern Kentucky. Palaios, v. 18, no. 6, p. 546-558.

Pabian, R. K., and Rushlau, W. J., 2002. Taphonomic analysis and systematic descriptions of some Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian crinoids from southeastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas and southwestern Iowa. Conservation and Survey Division Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources Geological Survey Paper 20, p. 1-45.

Peters, S. E. and Bork, K. B., 1998. Secondary tiering on crinoids from the Waldron Shale (Silurian: Wenlockian) of Indiana. Journal of Paleontology, v. 75, no. 5, p. 887-894.

Prokop, R. J., 2000. Investigation of echinoderms of the Koneprusy Limestone (Lower Devonian, Pragian) in the Barrandian area (Czech Republic): Zprávy o Geologickych Vyzkumech v Roce 1999, p. 71-73. (In Czech) (nonsystematic)

Prokop, R. J., 2001a. Occurrence of echinoderms in the quarry “Kosov” near Beroun (Silurian: Wenlock-Ludlow). Barrandian, Czech Republic. Zprávy o Geologick´ych V´yzkumeck v Roce 2000, p. 46--48. (in Czech)

Prokop, R. J., 2001b. From the history of forger of fossil in our country: the “complete” crioids from the Silurian of the Barrandian: Cesky kras XXVII (2001), Geologie a Paleontologie, p. 51. (In Czech)

Prokop, R. J., 2002a. Ramacrinus robustus sp. n. (Crinoidea, Inadunata) from the Koneprusy Limestone, Lower Devonian, Barrandian area (Czech Republic). Casopis Národního Muzea, Rada Prírodovedná, v. 171, nos. 1-4, p. 63-64.

Prokop, R. J., 2002b. Myelodactylus spatulatus LeMenn, 1987 (Crinoidea, col.) from the Lower Devonian, Zlíchov Limestone of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic.

 Casopis Národního Muzea, Rada Prírodovedná, v. 171, nos. 1-4, p. 65-67.

Prokop, R. J., 2002c. From the history of echinoderm research of the Czech lower Paleozoic. Cesky Kras, v. 28, p. 27-30. (in Czech)

Prokop, R. J., 2003. Investigation of echinoderms of the Koneprusy Limestone (Lower Devonian, Pragian) of the Barrandian area (Czech Republic)-II: Zprávy o Geologick´ych V´yzkumeck v Roce 2002, p. 141-142, pl. 6. (In Czech)

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 2001a. Second find of crinoid “Vletavicrinus haueri” Waagen et Jahn, 1899 in Prídolí Limestone, Upper Silurian, Barrandian area (Czech Republic). Casopis Národního Muzea Rada Prírodovedná, v. 170, nos. 1-4, p. 1-5-106.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 2001b. Remarks on palaeobiology of juvenile scyphocrinitids and marhoumacrinids (Crinoidea, Camerata) in the Bohemian uppermost Silurian and lowermost Devonian. Journal of the Czech Geological Society, v. 46, nos. 3-4, p. 259-268.

Prokop, R. J., and Petr, V., 2002. Survey of echinoderms and a new ophiocistioid Branzoviella talpa gen. et sp. n. (Echinodermata, Ophiocistioidea) in the Lower Devonian, Lochkov Formation of the Barrandian area, Czech Republic. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, v. 77, no. 3, p. 237-240.

Rozhnov, S. V., 2002. Morphogenesis and evolution of crinoids and other pelmatozoan echinoderms in the early Paleozoic. Paleontological Journal, v. 36, Supplement 6, p. S525-S674.

Schneider, K. A., and Ausich, W. Î., 2002. Paleoecology of framebuilders in Early Silurian reefs (Brassfield Formation, southwestern Ohio). Palaios, v. 17, p. 237-248. (nonsystematic)

Seilacher, A., and Hauff, R. B., 2004. Constructional morphology of pelagic crinoids. Palaios, v. 19, no. 1, p. 3-16.

Sevastopulo, G. D., 2002. Fossil “Lilies of the Ocean” and other echinoderms from Carboniferous rocks of Ireland. John Jackson Memorial Lecture 2002. Occasional Papers in Irish Science and Technology, No. 25, p. 1-15.

Sevastopulo, G. D., Wyse Jackson, P. N., and Prokop, R.. J., 2002. Functional morphology of Pygameocrinus (Disparida; Crinoidea). Special Papers in Palaeontology, 67, p. 251-260.

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